Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntshav txhaws tiv thaiv kev poob ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm vim qhov sib npaug ntawm cov coagulation thiab anticoagulation systems. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov xwm txheej, tus neeg lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj hemostatic tuaj rau kev cawm, piv txwv li cov tshuaj hemostatic.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Ancient healers siv cov khoom siv cog tshuaj raws li hemostatics - yarrow, shepherd's purse, plantain, nettle thiab lwm yam.
Ib yam khoom uas tiv thaiv ntshav los ntawm coagulating, hu ua heparin, tau piav qhia hauv xyoo 1918. Nyob rau hauv 1931, cov tshuaj "Warfarin" tau pom, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1976 - "Protein C", lub ntsiab physiological anticoagulant. Ua tsaug rau kev tshawb pom thiab kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov tshuaj hemostatic tshiab. Tam sim no, lub khw muag tshuaj muaj kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Systematization ntawm hemostatic agents
Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawmtshuaj hemostatic.
Tshuaj yog cais los ntawm kev ua:
- Resorptive - "Vikasol", "Aminocaproic acid", "Fibrinogen". Cov tshuaj pib ua thaum txhaj rau hauv cov ntshav.
- Local - Adrenaline, Thrombin, hydrogen peroxide, hemostatic sticks thiab daim txhuam cev. Cov nyhuv tshwm sim tom qab cov khoom tuaj rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntshav.
Cov tshuaj hauv qab no yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm hemostasis:
- Non-specific - "Epinephrine", hydrogen peroxide.
- Specific - "Erythropoietin", platelet-nplua nuj plasma.
Raws li lwm qhov systematization, cov tshuaj hemostatic hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Direct coagulants - "Fibrinogen", "Thrombin", "Emoclot", "Octanight" - thiab indirect act - "Phytomenadione".
- Inhibitors ntawm tsiaj fibrinolysis - "Kontrykal", "Gordox", "Aprotinin" - thiab hluavtaws keeb kwm - "Amben", "Aminocaproic acid"
- Platelet aggregation stimulants - "Calcium chloride", "Serotonin adipate".
- Tshuaj uas txo cov hlab ntsha patency. Synthetic - "Etamzilat", "Adrokson", vitamins - "Rutin", "Quercetin", as Well as herbal products - nettle, arnica, dej kua txob.
Tshuaj ntawm qhov systemic (resorptive) action
Cia peb xav txog qee qhov hemostatics. Cov tshuaj hauv pawg no suav nrog:
- "Aminocaproic acid" yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm inhibitor ntawm fibrinolysis, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha kom nreslos ntshav hauv placental abruption thiab kev phais phais. Cov tshuaj inhibits fibrinolysis, uas ua rau muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab tsim fibrin.
- Menadione Sodium Bisulfite yog ib qho hluavtaws analogue ntawm vitamin K uas pab txhim kho cov ntshav txhaws. Cov tshuaj pib ua hauv nees nkaum plaub teev los ntawm txhua txoj kev tswj hwm.
Qhov tseeb no yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv nws. Feem ntau nws raug pom zoo rau cov ntshav capillary uas tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm hemorrhoids, cirrhosis ntawm daim siab, kab mob siab, thiab los ntshav los ntawm lub tsev menyuam.
- "Fibrinogen" yog thawj coagulation yam. Intravenous tswj ntawm nws mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg raws li ib tug hemostatic tshuaj tsub kom qhov muaj feem ntawm nws kev sib cuag nrog thrombin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, fibrin tsim thiab cov ntshav coagulates. "Fibrinogen" yog qhia rau kev poob ntshav loj, thiab ntxiv rau, rau hypoafibrinogenemia.
- Hydrogen peroxide - ua npuas ncauj ntau pab kom tsis txhob los ntshav sai dua.
- "Adrenaline hydrochloride" - siv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Piv txwv li, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ntswg. Ib tug swab moistened nrog cov tshuaj yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntswg.
- Hemostatic daim txhuam cev - siv los ntshav abrasions, txiav, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj ob hom khoom siv kho mob no: daim txhuam cev uas muaj collagen (nce platelet aggregation), thiab tseem muaj cov thrombin, uas txhim kho cov ntshav txhaws.
- "Thrombin" - ib qho tshuaj hemostatic hauv zos, yog ib qho coagulation yam IIa. Cov ntshav txhaws tsim sai sai, tsuas yog kaum tsib mus rau peb caug vib nas this tom qab sib cuag nrog cov ntshav. Nws yog siv tshuaj pleev ib ce rau me me capillary ntshav poob los ntawm cov pos hniav, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm parenchymal organ.
- Hemostatic mem hluav - muaj cov tshuaj uas pab kom tsis txhob los ntshav los ntawm kev txiav, abrasions thiab me me qhov txhab.
Kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj hemostatic hauv zos
Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntshav ntws, nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg, siv cov tshuaj hemostatic hauv zos:
- rov qab oxidized cellulose;
- fibrin lossis hluavtaws kua nplaum;
- cov khoom siv gelatin.
Raws li twb tau hais meej lawm, cov npe tshuaj hemostatic siv hauv kev kho mob yog qhov dav heev, vim tias lawv yog:
- txo qhov ntim ntshav xav tau rau ntau yam kev tswj hwm;
- txo lub sijhawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev phais;
- yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj.
Daim npe tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj hemostatic hauv zos
Cia peb mus saib qee yam ntawm lawv:
- "Spongostan" - absorbable hemostatic hmoov thiab daim txhuam cev, uas yog raws li gelatin. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv traumatology, orthopedics, pediatrics, maxillofacial thiab paj hlwb phais, nrog rau ntawm tus txha nraub qaum thiabpob txha.
- "Starsil hemostat" - hmoov hemostatic siv thaum ua haujlwm.
- "Sergiflo" yog ib qho ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua npuas ncauj ua los ntawm porcine gelatin nrog thrombin. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog lub peev xwm los thov nrog tus neeg thov kev pab rau qhov chaw los ntshav nyuaj. Nws yog siv rau hauv neuro-, ENT- thiab kev phais dav dav, nrog rau gynecology, urology.
- "Omnex" yog cov nplaum phais hluavtaws qhia rau kev sib khi phais phais.
- "Surgesel" - tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom: cov khoom ntxeem tau uas tuaj yeem ua txhua yam; cov ntaub qhwv ntaub, uas tso cai qhwv thiab stitching los ntshav plab hnyuv siab, nrog rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyias mesh, uas yog siv hauv kev ua haujlwm tsawg tsawg.
- "Ivisel" - fibrin kua nplaum yog siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv ntawm hemostasis thiab sealing ntawm vascular suture.
Lus npe tshuaj hemostatic rau hemorrhoids
Cov hauv qab no yog cov tshuaj uas muaj ntau hom tshuaj thiab muaj cov teebmeem hemostatic tsis sib xws:
- YVikasol.
- "Natalsid".
- Flebodia.
- Heparin.
- Pylex.
- Txiv.
- YHepatrombin.
- "Hemoroidin".
- Diosmin;
- "Natalsid".
- Y Suppositories nrog methyluracil, adrenaline.
Ascorutin Ascorutin
Zoo kawg
Nrog qee lub npe rau cov tshuaj hemostatickoj tau ntsib los ntawm kev nyeem ib tsab xov xwm.
Txhua qhov los ntshav yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lub neej thiab lawv cov tsos yuav tsum tau txais kev pab tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no yog contraindicated rau ulcerative lesions thiab erosions ntawm lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av, kub siab, thrombosis, loj heev angina pectoris.
