Rubella yog kab mob kis uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus. Tus kab mob kis tau los ntawm huab cua los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus thiab kis tau zoo heev. Tab sis tus kab mob nws tus kheej ua rau tsis muaj cov tsos mob hnyav heev, yog yooj yim zam thiab, nrog rau theem tam sim no ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj, tuaj yeem kho tau sai. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm rubella yog tias nws muaj cov nyhuv teratogenic. Ntawd yog, yog tias tus poj niam poob mob thaum cev xeeb tub, nws ua rau muaj ntau yam pathologies ntawm intrauterine kev loj hlob thiab deformity ntawm fetus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem no. Rau kev tiv thaiv, cov menyuam ntxhais hnub nyoog 13-15 xyoos tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau 10 xyoo tom ntej.
YDab tsi yog rubella
Nov yog kab mob sib kis uas kis tau los ntawm cov tee dej hauv huab cua los ntawm kev sib ze ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau lwm tus. Nws feature yog lub sij hawm incubation ntev tshaj plaws. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob nce ntxiv hauv cov neeg coob coob, piv txwv li, hauv cov menyuam yausvaj, barracks, so tsev. Rubella tshwm sim nrog kub taub hau, qaug dab peg, mob qog noj ntshav, mob caj pas thiab hnoos. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob yog cov yam ntxwv ua pob liab liab thoob plaws lub cev, uas ploj mus tom qab ob peb hnub yam tsis muaj kab. Tus kab mob no mob me me thiab tsis tshua muaj teeb meem.
coob leej ntau tus tsis paub tias rubella yog dab tsi. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Tus kab mob no yooj yim hla lub placental barrier thiab ua rau mob hnyav rau tus menyuam. Tus kab mob no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm congenital deformities thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam tuag. Ntau tshaj 60% ntawm cov menyuam mos uas muaj rubella nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam yog yug los nrog lag ntseg, cataracts, plawv tsis xws luag los yog lub hlwb puas.
Vim li cas thiaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella tseem ceeb
Tus kab mob no kis tau sai heev los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob. Qhov txaus ntshai yog tias tus neeg mob kis tau 2 lub lis piam ua ntej pom cov tsos mob pom tseeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab 1-2 lub lis piam tom qab rov zoo. Rubella tau yooj yim zam los ntawm cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus thiab daws tau hauv ib lub lis piam yam tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, 20 xyoo dhau los nws tsis yog xav tias yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txhua tus. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus, ua rau muaj kev kis mob tsawg heev hnub no.
Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias yog poj niam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob no, nws tuaj yeem kis tau yooj yim thaum cev xeeb tub. Thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau nchuav menyuam, yug menyuam, lossis ntau yam kabmob hauv lub cev.kev loj hlob. Tus mob no hu ua SLE - congenital rubella syndrome. Yog li ntawd, rau ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella tau raug qhia hauv ntau lub tebchaws raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub vim muaj kab mob.
txoj cai txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella
Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm rubella tag nrho ua tus kab mob sib kis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav luag txhua tus. Rau qhov no, kev txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm thaum tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos, tom qab ntawd rov ua dua ntawm 6 xyoo. Nws tsis pom zoo rau cov menyuam mos kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob kis mus rau lawv los ntawm leej niam, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo. Rau tib lub laj thawj, nws raug pom zoo kom rov txhaj tshuaj thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6-7 xyoo. Yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau rubella muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, kev txhaj tshuaj tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias vim qee qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau ua tiav raws sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua tau rau txhua lub hnub nyoog tom qab ib xyoos. Tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis pub dhau 6 xyoo.
Txoj hauv kev no ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv muaj zog hauv cov menyuam yaus, tab sis nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg 20 xyoo txhawm rau tshem tawm rubella hauv lub tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv SLE, cov ntxhais hluas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13-15, nrog rau cov poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog yug menyuam. Ntau lub teb chaws nruj me ntsis xyuas kom cov poj niam hnub nyoog 18 txog 35 xyoo uas tsis tau muaj tus kab mob rubella thiab tsis tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv Fab Kis, lawv tseem tsis kam sau npe ua txij ua nkawm yam tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lwm pawg ntawm cov pejxeem raws li kev kis kabmobindications, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg uas muaj neeg coob coob. Nws kuj tau pom zoo tias cov txheeb ze ze ntawm tus poj niam npaj cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ua rau nws raug mob.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella tsis tshua muaj thiab feem ntau zam tau zoo. Txawm tias kev kho tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum tau, txij li txhua qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv ob peb hnub. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem yog hauv zos thiab dav. Cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv zos muaj xws li mob thiab induration ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Qee zaum yuav muaj qhov liab liab thiab o me ntsis.
Txawm tias tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim:
- pob khaus;
- nce me ntsis hauv qhov kub;
- khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam;
- qaug zog, mob taub hau;
- xwm txheej ua pa;
- xeev siab, mob plab;
- txo qis ntawm cov platelets hauv cov ntshav;
- lub sij hawm luv luv arthralgia, feem ntau hauv caug lossis dab teg pob qij txha;
- qee zaus mob caj dab lossis polyneuritis thaum hluas;
- tsis tshua muaj, aseptic meningitis lossis encephalitis tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Feem ntau cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim txij li 5 txog 15 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus. Cov neeg uas muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw thiab ua xua tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm urticaria, anaphylactic shock, lossis angioedema. Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov neeg mob no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev kho mob, txawm tiasib nrab teev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum tus menyuam twb tau txhaj tshuaj lawm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog coj mus rau tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv teeb meem. Txawm hais tias qhov no tseem tsis suav nrog - kwv yees li 10% ntawm cov neeg mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella hauv daim ntawv me me.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv contraindications
Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem npog 100% ntawm cov pej xeem uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella. Zoo li lwm yam tshuaj, tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella muaj lawv cov contraindications. Cov kev txwv ib ntus yuam kom ncua kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qee lub sijhawm suav nrog kev ua rau mob hnyav thiab mob hnyav. Hauv peb lub hlis, tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab kev qhia txog cov khoom siv ntshav lossis immunoglobulins. Koj tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv li ib xyoos tom qab kev kho hluav taws xob thiab noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kuj tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum cev xeeb tub. Nws raug nquahu kom tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub 3 lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella yog contraindicated kiag li nyob rau hauv xws li mob:
- nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob;
- kab mob oncological;
- kab mob ntshav;
- mob hnyav rau kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los;
- nrog intolerance rau "Kanamycin", "Neomycin" thiab "Monomycin";
- rau kev tsis haum rau qe protein.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv teeb meem
Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella tsis tshua ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo, nws tseem ceeb heev rau cov niam txiv ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Feem ntau cov teeb meem tsis yog vimcov tshuaj tsis zoo, tab sis qhov txhaum ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog li ntawd, nco ntsoov sab laj nrog kws kho mob ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsum kuaj xyuas tus menyuam, txiav txim siab seb puas muaj contraindications. Ntxiv rau, ob peb hnub ua ntej thiab tom qab txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsum txwv kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg kom tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella twg raug muab rau tus menyuam. Lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob muab kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov muaj peev xwm tsim cov teeb meem yog nyob ntawm qhov no. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv Priorix. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum paub txhua yam txog cov tshuaj no, hais txog cov teeb meem uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau.
Yuav txhaj tshuaj zoo li cas
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella tuaj hauv ob lub fwj: ib qho muaj kev npaj nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv qhuav, lwm qhov muaj cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Txuas lawv nrog lub syringe sterile, sib tov zoo, tsis txhob foaming. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau yaj tag kom txog thaum tau txais cov kua ntshiab. Qhov no feem ntau yuav siv li 3 feeb. Ua ntej siv, koj yuav tsum tau xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hnub tas sij hawm thiab ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm pob. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum muaj kev cia tshwj xeeb, ua txhaum cai uas lawv siv tsis tau.
Tom qab dilution, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv tam sim, nws tsis raug khaws cia. Feem ntau, ib koob tshuaj yog 0.5 ml. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv peb-tiv thaiv tau muab tshuaj subcutaneously, monopreparation tuaj yeem muab tshuaj intramuscularly. Feem ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom los yog hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, piv txwv li, me mecov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus ncej puab. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella tsis yog siv rau cov leeg gluteal, vim cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv zos feem ntau tshwm sim muaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella zoo nrog qee yam tshuaj: qhua pias, mumps, hnoos hawb pob, diphtheria, tetanus. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab sib xyaw rau hauv ib lub koob txhaj tshuaj thiab yuav tsum tau txhaj rau ntau qhov chaw. Thiab yog tias tsim nyog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob, lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg ib hlis.
YYam tshuaj tiv thaiv rubella yog dab tsi
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tau ua rau ntau tshaj 40 xyoo, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab xyoo 2002 lawv tau dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ib tug nyob attenuated, uas yog, qaug zog, hom kab mob. Tsuas yog ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv 95% ntawm tib neeg, tib yam li tom qab kis kab mob.
cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Rubella tam sim no tuaj yeem yog monovalent, tsom rau kev tiv thaiv ib tus kab mob, lossis ntau yam. Hauv paus, lawv tau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, mumps lossis pox pox. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella feem ntau yog siv hauv tsev lossis txawv teb chaws uas muaj tus kab mob tsis muaj zog. Cov no yog Belgian "Priorix" thiab "Ervevaks", nrog rau Fabkis "Rudivaks". Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv Indian lossis Croatian kuj tau siv. Cov tshuaj Asmeskas MMR, uas yog ib feem peb, tsis tshua siv.
tshuaj tiv thaiv Lavxias
Kev npaj hauv tsev feem ntau yog siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Lawv pheej yig, tab sis siv tau thiabkev ruaj ntseg yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev inferior rau imported analogues. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob rubella, tsis muaj zog thiab qhuav. Cov tshuaj no tsis tshua muaj teeb meem thiab yooj yim zam txawm tias cov menyuam yaus. Lawv qhov teeb meem tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj ntau. Tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no haum rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov ntxhais thiab cov neeg laus.
Priorix tshuaj tiv thaiv
Feem ntau siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj rau menyuam yaus thaum muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo yog kev txhaj tshuaj peb yam: rubella, mumps thiab qhua pias. Cov kab mob no me ntsis zoo sib xws, yog li nws tau los ua ke cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv ib qho kev npaj. Qhov no yooj yim vim nws tsuas yog siv ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj xwb. Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, Priorix yog siv - tshuaj tiv thaiv Belgian. Nws muaj cov kab mob me me ntawm tus mob qhua pias, rubella thiab kab mob mumps.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv los tiv thaiv tus neeg los ntawm peb tus kab mob no. Tab sis Priorix yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias tus menyuam twb muaj ib yam kab mob no lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los rau tus kab mob tshiab rau lub cev, thiab cov uas twb paub lawm yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias 98% ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, thiab ntau dua 99% rau rubella. Ntxiv mus, kev tiv thaiv yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tom qab ib xyoos, pib poob tsuas yog tom qab 4-5 xyoos.
tshuaj tiv thaiv Ervevax
Tus nqi pheej yig dua thiab feem ntau siv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella nkaus xwb. Qhov no yog Belgian tshuaj tiv thaiv "Ervevax". Kev tshuaj xyuas txogNws raug sau tseg tias kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob no tseem nyob ntev li 15 xyoo. Cov tshuaj no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, yog li nws feem ntau siv los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus. Tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Ervevax muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab rau cov poj niam laus ntawm lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam los tiv thaiv cov teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem muab rau tib hnub li polio, qhua pias, mumps, thiab multicomponent DTP. Tab sis kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.
Rudivax Vaccine
Lwm cov tshuaj ntshuam yog siv los tiv thaiv rubella. Nov yog Rudivax, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv Fab Kis. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella txo qis. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, yam tsis muaj kev zam, tsis pub dhau 2 lub lis piam thiab tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 20 xyoo. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim.
Txawm tias yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus lossis tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella tam sim no yog nyob ntawm niam txiv lawv tus kheej. Txij li tus kab mob no tsis txaus ntshai, yog tias tus me nyuam mob. Qhov txaus ntshai tsuas yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim lossis nws tuaj yeem kis tus poj niam cev xeeb tub. Thiab rubella nyob rau hauv lub xeev no ua rau mob hnyav intrauterine pathologies. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo tias txhua tus poj niam uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella thiab tsis tau mob yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej kev xeeb tub.
