kab mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob tetanus yog ob yam kab mob txaus ntshai uas muaj kab mob sib txawv, tab sis kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau ua nrog ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw. Nws muaj ob qho tib si kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus toxoids, uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj zog hauv ib tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe yuav tsum tau ua vim muaj qhov tshwm sim loj, feem ntau ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim vim kev txhaj tshuaj tsis tu ncua ntawm cov pej xeem tau ntau xyoo lawm. Vim li no, qee tus neeg tsis saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv.
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txaus ntshai - kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus?
Tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau qhov no. Cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog feem ntau ntseeg tias yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txaus ntshai no. Tab sis adherentsnaturalistic txoj kev xav sib cav hais tias tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob. Kuv puas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus? Txoj cai txiav txim yog muab rau cov niam txiv ntawm tus menyuam lossis tus neeg mob nws tus kheej, uas tau mus txog rau cov neeg laus. Ua tsaug rau kev txhaj tshuaj mus ntev rau cov pej xeem, cov neeg feem coob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob no, uas tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib kis.
Dab tsi yog kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus?
Tetanus, tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob tetanus bacillus, uas nyob hauv av, quav thiab quav, tsis yog kab mob sib kis. Kab mob tshwm sim thaum cov kab mob nkag mus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov epidermis thiab cov ntaub so ntswg mucous, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm qhov txhab, abrasions, frostbite thiab kub hnyiab. Qhov ntau cuam tshuam rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, qhov ua rau muaj kab mob ntau dua. Lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas, tau txais nyob rau hauv lub dermis, tso tawm toxins uas cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim loj heev tshwm sim, ua rau tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab lub plawv cov leeg, thiab kev tuag tshwm sim.
kab mob diphtheria suav hais tias yog ib yam kab mob loj heev uas tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob - kab mob diphtheria bacillus, uas kis tau los ntawm cov tee hauv huab cua. Tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob diphtheria tso tawm cov tshuaj lom uas cuam tshuam rau oropharynx thiab bronchi. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txoj kev ua pa yog cuam tshuam, stenosis ntawm lub larynx tshwm sim, uas sai sai, nyob rau hauv ib lub quarter ntawm ib teev, mus rau asphyxia. Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob tam sim ntawd, kev tuag los ntawm kev ua pa yog ua tau. Tib txoj kev los tiv thaiv cov kab mob noKev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus raug lees paub.
Kev txhaj tshuaj ntau zaus
Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kab mob txaus ntshai - tetanus thiab diphtheria, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thoob plaws lub neej ntawm tus neeg raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- pib ntawm peb lub hlis, peb txhaj tshuaj txhua 45 hnub;
- 18 lub hlis;
- 6-7 xyoo;
- 14-15 xyoos.
Tsuas yog muaj qhov ntau zaus ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov yog tsim. Yog tias lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raug ua txhaum rau ib qho laj thawj, tus menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo siv qhov tsis muaj zog ADS-M toxoid ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm ntawm ib hlis, tom qab ntawd thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab 6-9 lub hlis., tom qab 5 xyoos - thib ob, thiab ntxiv - txhua 10 xyoo. Cov tib neeg yuav tsum saib xyuas qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum thov rau txoj haujlwm hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev hem thawj ntawm kab mob hawb pob lossis tetanus, cov thawj coj ua lag luam xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no. Yog tias ntau tshaj kaum xyoo dhau los txij li kev txhaj tshuaj tas los, yuav tsum tau txhaj peb zaug, zoo ib yam li cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog peb hlis tau txhaj tshuaj.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv contraindications
Txhua qhov kev txwv tsis pub muab faib ua ob pawg loj:
- Tus txheeb ze - txhua yam kab mob uas ua rau txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv, ua npaws, qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam yaus, kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob tsis ntev los no, kab mob ua xua rau theem mob, thawj zaugtrimester ntawm cev xeeb tub. Hauv qhov no, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau raug ncua mus txog thaum tag nrho cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tau raug daws.
- Tsis Muaj - kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm txhua yam, kev tsis haum tshuaj hnyav ntawm lub cev rau qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv thawj kis, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis kam, hauv qhov thib ob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug hloov nrog cov tshuaj analogue zoo sib xws, tab sis tsis muaj kab lis kev cai nyob. Piv txwv li, tus qauv kab mob hawb pob, hnoos hawb pob thiab tetanus tshuaj tiv thaiv tau raug hloov nrog lub teeb yuag DTP uas tsis muaj cov khoom ntawm tus kab mob pertussis uas feem ntau ua rau muaj kev phiv.
Yuav ua li cas txo cov kev mob tshwm sim?
Txhawm rau txo qhov tsis zoo tom qab txhaj tshuaj, cov kws kho mob pom zoo:
- Txo kev noj zaub mov rau peb hnub, pib hnub ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua li no, txo qhov concentration thiab ntim khoom noj.
- Muab dej rau koj tus menyuam hnub no.
- Rau daim tawv nqaij ob peb hnub ua ntej tus txheej txheem, tus menyuam tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob zaum nrog koj tus menyuam hauv chav kho mob ntev, nws zoo dua siv sijhawm nrog nws ntawm kev.
- Kev tiv thaiv tom qab txhaj tshuaj, nws raug tso cai noj "Paracetamol". Qhov kub thiab txias tsis cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li nws tuaj yeem txo qis.
Ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim no yuav pab koj tus menyuam hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yooj yim dua. Thiab raws li cov lus qhia, muaj ob peb contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov tsos mob me me ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, me ntsis diathesis, qhov ntswg me me tsis yog vim li cas tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo tom qabtxhaj tshuaj
Qee zaum cov tsos mob tsis zoo tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov menyuam yaus zam qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj thiab hloov me me ntawm tus menyuam tus mob:
- tawv nqaij liab;
- me me o nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
- subcutaneous foob;
- pain;
- nce lub cev kub;
- saw;
- malaise;
- -tsos ntawm los ntswg;
- tshwm sim hnoos;
- xav.
Cov niam txiv tsis txhob txhawj, txhua yam teeb meem yuav ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 3 hnub. Txhawm rau txo cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim, nws yog qhov zoo dua mus ntsib kws kho mob. Muaj tsawg zaus, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem loj: convulsions, ntev, nruam quaj, encephalopathy, tsis nco qab. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub tsheb thauj neeg mob yuav tsum tau hu sai sai. Qee lub sij hawm muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj: anaphylactic shock lossis Quincke's edema, uas tshwm sim tam sim tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj, yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom tawm hauv tsev kho mob rau 20-30 feeb. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov tshwm sim loj tshwm sim feem ntau yog thaum cov cai npaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau ua raws lossis cov lus pom zoo tsis ua raws li lub sijhawm rov zoo.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus toxoids
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thiab diphtheria toxoids yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Muaj tshuaj zoo limulticomponent, thiab monovaccines. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb hauv tebchaws Russia rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tau ua nrog cov tshuaj hauv tsev:
- DTP - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob, diphtheria thiab tetanus. Nws yog npaj rau cov menyuam yaus txog li ib thiab ib nrab xyoo. Peb txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- ADS - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus toxoid, tab sis tsis muaj cov kab mob pertussis. Nws raug sau tseg rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab hnub nyoog 6 xyoo rau kev rov ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau cov menyuam mos txog li ob xyoos, yog tias tom qab thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tsis haum rau cov hnoos hawb pob toxoid tau tshwm sim.
- ADS-M - txawv ntawm ADS los ntawm cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm antigens.
- AC lossis AD - monopreparations uas muaj ib feem ntawm tetanus lossis kab mob diphtheria. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tau muab rau cov neeg uas muaj kev tsis haum rau lwm yam uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam. Cov tshuaj AD yog yooj yim siv thaum muaj kev kis kab mob diphtheria, thiab AC - yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob tetanus bacillus.
Thaum tsis muaj ib qho contraindications, nws yog ib txwm zoo dua los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, hauv qhov no, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob thiab tetanus.
qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus
Qhia tshuaj kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no tshwm sim sai tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij, qhov twg tsis muaj txheej ntawm cov rog. Yog li, cov menyuam mos thiab cov neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob:
- Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yaus loj hlob tshaj plawscov leeg yog tus ncej puab, thiab cov tshuaj yog txhaj rau hauv nws. Nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj kom zoo, tus menyuam tsis muaj pob thiab lub foob muaj zog. Qhov no ua tau tsuas yog thaum cov ntshav txhaj rau hauv cov roj txheej, uas nws yaj mus ntev thiab ua rau tus menyuam tsis xis nyob.
- Thaum muaj 6 xyoos, txhaj tshuaj rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom lossis hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav, nyob ntawm seb tus menyuam lub cev lub cev.
- Cov neeg laus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub xub pwg nyom lossis lub xub pwg.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab combed thiab rub kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xav tau: liab, thickening thiab suppuration.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau cov neeg laus
Cov neeg feem coob uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li menyuam yaus ntseeg tias lawv tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub neej thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob xav txog kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov tseeb, muaj cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab uas txhawb nqa lub cev tiv thaiv. Thiab raws li lub teb chaws lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus tiv thaiv kab mob hawb pob thiab tetanus, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus, muaj kev txhaj tshuaj. Hauv kev laus, thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 26 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, revaccination yog yuav tsum tau txhua txhua 10 xyoo. Yog tias tus neeg laus tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, ces nws tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm 45 hnub thiab ib zaug rov txhaj tshuaj 6-9 lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj thib ob, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua 10 xyoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim nrog ADS-M - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus. Cov neeg laus (cov hnoos hawb pob hnyav hnyav dua thiab muaj ntau qhov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus) tsis siv tshuaj tua kab mob hawb pob. Tab sis qee cov kws tshaj lij tau sib cav tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no rau cov neeg lausneeg xav ua tib yam. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pertussis ntxiv kom txo tau qhov tsis zoo.
Muaj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau ntau txoj haujlwm uas cuam tshuam txog kev kis tus kabmob, uas muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kabmob. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, tub rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb ciav hlau, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txhaj tshuaj yog sau rau hauv phau ntawv huv los ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, cov neeg laus tau txais kev kuaj mob los txiav txim siab contraindications, uas tsis muaj ntau hauv ADS-M. Cov no suav nrog: immunodeficiency, kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj. Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav raug ncua vim tus neeg mob muaj mob kom txog thaum nws rov zoo los yog muab tso tseg tag nrho yog tias muaj contraindications. Tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thiaj li tsis ua mob rau kev loj hlob ntawm crumbs yav tom ntej. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus, ib yam li cov menyuam yaus, cov kab mob me tuaj yeem ua tau, uas dhau los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yog tias muaj teeb meem loj, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj tsis txhaj tshuaj?
Lub Sijhawm Diphtheria, Whooping Cough thiab Tetanus Immunization Schedule tau tsim cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas kom tus menyuam tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub sijhawm zoo thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg kawg ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim. Thiab lub sijhawm no yuav tsum ua raws. Tab sis muaj ntau yam tshwm sim hauv lub neej: mob mus ntev, mus ncig lossis lwm yam xwm txheej, thiabua txhaum txoj kev npaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Koj tuaj yeem pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP txhua lub sijhawm txog li 4 xyoos. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, tom qab tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos, nws raug txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos hawb pob. Yog li ntawd, tom qab lub sijhawm tseem ceeb no, tus menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj nrog analogue ntawm DTP, Fabkis cov tshuaj "Tetracocom" - qhov no yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob, tetanus thiab polio.
Pib txij li 4 txog 6 xyoo, siv tshuaj tiv thaiv ADS, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADS-M. Ob qho kev npaj tsis muaj cov tshuaj pertussis. Yog tias lub sijhawm kawg rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP thib ob tsis tuaj, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txuas ntxiv rau tib yam li yam tsis ua txhaum lub sijhawm. Yog tias qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP thib peb tau ploj lawm, nws ua tiav yam tsis tau saib xyuas qhov dhau.
French Pentaxim tshuaj tiv thaiv
Puas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv Pentaxim hloov DTP? Cov kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv daim teb no teb hauv qhov kev lees paub. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov tshuaj tuaj txawv teb chaws yog nqa tawm rau tus nqi. Pentaxim tsis yog tag nrho analogue ntawm DTP. Raws li nws tau pom yav dhau los, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev tiv thaiv menyuam mos los ntawm peb tus kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj tuaj txawv teb chaws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, thiab tiv thaiv tus menyuam nrog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, nrog rau hnoos hawb pob thiab Haemophilus influenzae.
Ntxiv mus, kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau tus menyuam yaus, thiab thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP, nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom no uas feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov menyuam mos. Thiab yog li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus feem ntau tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADS thiab ADS-M uas tsis muajkab mob pertussis toxoid. Hauv kev npaj Pentaxim, cov kab mob hnoos hawb pob raug cais, thiab nws tsis muaj lub plhaub. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cov menyuam yaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum siv nws, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug txo, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tus menyuam.
Zoo kawg
Cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob thiab tetanus. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev kis kab mob loj no yog qhov tseeb. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias qee qhov mob hnyav tsis tshwm sim vim kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab rau cov pej xeem yav dhau los. Tam sim no, thaum muaj kev yeem tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, qee qhov lawv rov qab los dua. Nco ntsoov, kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem los ntawm cov kab mob ntau dua li ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
