Alkalosis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua qaub-puag hauv lub cev, uas cov tshuaj alkaline nce ntxiv. Tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj heev thiab provokes kev hloov loj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho nrog kev zom zaub mov, kev raug mob, hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tom qab thiab nrog cov tshuab ua pa.
Alkalosis - yog dab tsi?
Alkalosis yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog. Hauv qhov no, alkalis pib kov yeej cov kua qaub hauv cov ntshav, thiab pH nce ntxiv. Yog tias, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov kua qaub yeej dhau ntawm cov hauv paus, qhov no qhia txog kev txhim kho acidosis - acidification ntawm lub cev, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai ntau dua li alkalosis thiab muaj zog dua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub tshuab.
Txhais qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj tau los thiab tsis tau them nyiaj alkalosis. Hauv thawj kis, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua qaub-puag tshuav tsis mus dhau qhov tsis pom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev (7, 35-7, 45), thiabnormalized sai sai nrog kev qhia txog chlorides thiab normalization ntawm kev ua neej thiab kev noj haus.
Thaum pH tshaj 7.45, uncompensated alkalosis tshwm sim. Nws yog dab tsi? Hauv tib neeg, nrog rau qhov ntsuas ntawm acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub cev. Tshwj xeeb, muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlab plawv, ua pa, digestive thiab paj hlwb.
Vim li cas acid-base tsis txaus hauv lub cev
Tib neeg lub cev yog tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem uas thoob plaws hauv lub neej tswj hwm lub cev tsis zoo, ua rau qee yam txheej txheem kom normalize cov kua qaub-puag. Cov zaub mov uas noj txhua hnub muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau pH.
Thaum qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kua qaub-puag yog cuam tshuam, ob lub xeev ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua tau - alkalosis lossis acidosis.
Alkalosis - alkalization ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, alkaline tebchaw yuav yeej nyob rau hauv cov kua system, thiab cov pH yuav ntau tshaj 7.45.
Acidosis - acidification ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho kev phom sij ntau dua, vim lub cev tiv taus alkalis dua li cov kua qaub. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv, thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, cov kws kho mob tau sau cov zaub mov uas tso cai rau koj kom ua raws li pH.
Txoj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev nrog nce pH
Txhawm rau teb cov kev hloov pauv hauv koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, koj yuav tsum paub tias alkalosis txaus ntshai npaum li cas. Nws ua rau hemodynamic cuam tshuam: txo qisntshav siab, lub plawv dhia, cerebral thiab coronary ntshav khiav. Ntawm ib feem ntawm lub plab zom mov, muaj qhov txo qis hauv plab hnyuv, uas ua rau cem quav.
kiv taub hau tshwm, kev ua haujlwm poob qis, fainting tshwm sim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ua pa yog inhibited. Ntshai excitability nce, nqaij hypertonicity tshwm, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag convulsions thiab tetany.
Type of alkalosis
Nyob ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob, muaj peb pawg ntawm alkalosis:
- Gas - tshwm sim nrog hyperventilation ntawm lub ntsws. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov pa oxygen thaum nqus pa ua rau kom tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau dhau thaum exhalation. Qhov no pathology hu ua pa alkalosis. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog ntshav poob, raug mob taub hau, cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm ntau yam tshuaj (corazol, caffeine, microbial toxins).
- Tsis yog-ntaub - muaj ntau hom, txhua qhov kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv qee yam xwm txheej thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev.
- Sib xyaw - tshwm sim nrog kev raug mob taub hau uas ua rau ua pa luv, ntuav, hypocapnia.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom kuaj xyuas alkalosis raws sijhawm. Nws yog dab tsi? Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus tas li hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb.
Forms of non-gas alkalosis
Non-gas alkalosis yog subdivided rau hauv excretory, exogenous thiab metabolic.
Excretory - tshwm sim nrog kev siv cov tshuaj diuretics ntev, kab mob ntawm lub raum, plab hnyuvfistulas, ntuav ntuav (hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ploj), kab mob endocrine (ua rau sodium tuav hauv lub cev).
Exogenous alkalosis txhim kho nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, thaum tag nrho cov zaub mov yog oversaturated nrog alkalis thaum sodium bicarbonate nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev kom txo cov plab acidity.
Metabolic - ib qho tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, txhim kho kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic uas cov electrolytes koom nrog. Cov mob no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog (kev tswj hwm ntawm electrolyte metabolism), txhim kho tom qab kev phais loj, lossis raug kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj rickets.
Nrog alkalosis, tus neeg lub plawv dhia qis thiab poob siab, qhov kev mob hnyav zuj zus, kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm txo qis thiab qaug zog tas li haunts. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov manifestations, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov tsis suav nrog alkalosis. Cov tsos mob tsuas yog tsis ncaj qha qhia qhov ua txhaum ntawm pH thiab xav tau kev pom zoo los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas lub cev.
Ua rau alkalosis
Alkalosis tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm exogenous thiab endogenous yam. Qhov ua rau muaj roj alkalosis yog hyperventilation ntawm lub ntsws. Hauv qhov no, muaj cov pa oxygen ntau ntxiv rau lub cev thiab, vim li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon dioxide tawm ntau dhau.
Alkalosis feem ntau pom nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab phais. Qhov no yog vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev thaum lub sijhawm phais thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog. Gas alkalosis tuaj yeem ua rau kub siab, hemolysis, rickets hauv menyuam yaus, thiab mob plab.
Vim txoj kev loj hlobnon-gas alkalosis - tsis muaj lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txhua yam kev hloov pauv ua rau ua txhaum ntawm cov kua qaub-puag.
Metabolic alkalosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj uas ua rau kom cov alkali ntau ntxiv hauv lub cev. Pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology thiab kev siv cov khoom noj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov hauv paus los yog ntuav ntuav, ua rau cov tshuaj chlorine poob sai.
Symptoms of disease
thawj cov cim qhia ntawm cov pa roj alkalosis yog nce kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ua siab ntev. Tus neeg mob xav tias kiv taub hau, mloog thiab nco tsis zoo, paresthesias ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ceg ceg tshwm, qaug zog sai los ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tsaug zog, lub cev qhuav dej, pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij (lub thiaj li hu ua "grey cyanosis" yuav tsim).
Metabolic alkalosis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm mob taub hau, tsaug zog, o thiab cramps ntawm cov extremities, lethargy, apathy rau sab nraud ntiaj teb no, txo qab los noj mov, thiab digestive teeb meem. Cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua pob khaus thiab qhuav thiab daj ntseg.
Alkalosis: kuaj mob
Raws li cov tsos mob sab nraud thiab cov tsos mob yooj yim, tsis muaj kev kuaj mob. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov kua qaub-puag hauv lub cev, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom tiav (kuaj zis, ntshav, ua electrocardiogram).
Ntxiv rau tus qauv, kev kuaj ntshav tau qhia ntawm "micro-Astrup" apparatus lossis pH meter, kuaj microgasometric. Yog tias kuaj pom alkalosis, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog,tsom rau kev tshem tawm cov hauv paus hauv paus thiab ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
Kev kho Alkalosis
Kev kho cov roj alkalosis yog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua pa ntawm lub ntsws. Tus neeg mob tau txais cov txheej txheem rau kev nqus cov pa roj carbon dioxide (piv txwv li, carbogen) kom rov qab muaj cov kua qaub-puag li qub.
Kev tshem tawm qhov ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yog thawj qhov ua kom tshem tawm alkalosis. Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob yuav tsum tau sib cuam tshuam, ces nws yuav ua tau sai sai neutralize qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev tsis ua hauj lwm system.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tsis muaj roj alkalosis, kev daws teeb meem ntawm ammonium chloride, potassium, calcium, thiab insulin yog siv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov tshuaj uas inhibit qhov kev ua ntawm carbonic anhydrase thiab txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm sodium thiab bicarbonate ions los ntawm cov zis.
Cov neeg uas muaj alkalosis tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob hnyav tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tam sim. Nrog metabolic alkalosis, kev daws teeb meem ntawm calcium chloride lossis sodium yog muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm hypokalemia, kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj potassium chloride, tshuaj potassium-sparing thiab panangin tau nkag rau hauv lub cev.
Yog alkalosis nrog ntuav, raws plab lossis hemolysis, tom qab ntawd kev kho mob feem ntau yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd txoj kev kho tau ua rau normalize acid-base tshuav.
Tiv thaiv alkalosis
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pH tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj txoj kev ua neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li kev noj haus kom raugthiab pw tsaug zog, muab tus cwj pwm phem thiab tau pw txaus. Kev noj zaub mov zoo nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab zaub kom txaus tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub-puag sib npaug sai sai thiab tiv thaiv alkalosis, uas yog vim li cas ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo.
Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov zaub mov twg nce cov kua qaub, thiab qhov twg qis dua (qhov no yuav txhim kho koj tus mob sai dua):
- dej ntxhia, khoom noj siv mis thiab tshuaj yej ntsuab nce alkali concentration;
- qos yaj ywm pab txo qis cov hauv paus hauv lub cev;
- tshuaj yej, kas fes, khoom ci, khoom qab zib, ntses thiab nqaij nce acid, yog li cov khoom noj no yuav tsum tau noj kom tsawg;
- kom normalize pH, nws raug nquahu kom mus da dej alkaline thiab mus ntsib lub sauna.
Alkaline da dej ntxuav lub cev ntawm co toxins thiab txo cov kua qaub. Saunas kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntxuav, lawv ua rau cov ntshav ncig thiab sai sai rov qab cov kua qaub-puag.
Alkalosis hauv menyuam yaus
Thaum menyuam yaus, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ntau yam kab mob, tus kab mob no tshwm sim ntau dua, qhov no yog vim lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev. Metabolic alkalosis tuaj yeem txhim kho nrog txhua yam kev zom zaub mov uas nrog ntuav (ua rau poob plab acid) lossis raws plab.
Feem ntau ua rau metabolic alkalosis yog kev yug me nyuam, pyloric stenosis, thiab plab hnyuv. Noj diureticsCov tshuaj kuj cuam tshuam rau cov kua qaub-puag tshuav ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hypoglycemic alkalosis.
Lwm yam ua rau alkali-acid imbalances yog kho tsis raug ntawm acidosis hauv tus menyuam. Metabolic alkalosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj chloride ions hauv cov hnyuv.
Koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas kab mob siv quav quav, nws yuav muaj cov tshuaj chloride ions, cov khoom no yuav tsis raug kuaj pom hauv cov zis.
Ua rau muaj roj alkalosis hauv menyuam yaus
Gas alkalosis nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem txhim kho nrog lub ntsws hyperventilation, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob lom uas tshwm sim nrog cov kab mob ua pa nyuaj, mob meningitis, mob ntsws, mob hlwb, mob hlwb raug mob, mob hlwb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv psychogenic.
Nrog cov tshuab ua pa, them nyiaj ua pa alkalosis feem ntau txhim kho. Qhov tsis muaj calcium, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tuaj yeem ua rau qaug zog, tsis xis nyob, tes tshee thiab nce tawm hws hauv tus neeg mob. Hauv cov menyuam yaus loj, muaj kev loog ntawm cov ceg, ringing thiab suab nrov hauv pob ntseg. Mob hypercapnia tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob neuropsychiatric mob hnyav hauv menyuam yaus thiab tseem ua rau tsis nco qab.
Cov tsos mob ntawm alkalosis hauv menyuam yaus
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kuaj xyuas thiab tshem tawm alkalosis hauv cov me nyuam mos raws sij hawm. Cov tsos mob ntawm pH cuam tshuam hauv tus menyuam yuav tshwm sim tib yam li hauv cov neeg laus: kev ntxhov siab, nce ntxivexcitability, tsaug zog, qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, digestive disorders.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kua qaub-piv tsis txaus yuav txawv me ntsis, nyob ntawm seb qhov ua rau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv pH. Cov theem ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob kuj txawv - los ntawm ib tug me ntsis malaise mus rau ib tug loj kev tsis haum xeeb nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tseem ceeb systems ntawm lub cev.
Tau nrog lub tswv yim ntawm alkalosis (nws yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog qhov ua rau pH cuam tshuam), koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv koj tus kheej thiab tshem tawm sai sai.
