Muaj ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej. Ib tug neeg thuam nws, thiab ib tug neeg qhuas tus kws kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg mob, raws li txoj cai, nkag siab lo lus no yog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej. Qhov tseeb, ob qho tib si kev tshem tawm ntawm ntug incisal ntawm tus hniav pem hauv ntej thiab chipping tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm sab nraud, zom hniav yog qhov qhia txog kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Sij hawm dhau mus, ciam teb ntawm qhov txhaws tau stains lossis nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv vim qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm caries, lossis tsis muaj caries tseem, tab sis qhov txhaws tsis haum zoo. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej no, kev kho kom zoo nkauj yog xav tau.
Tseem kos duab kho cov hniav
Kev kho dua tshiab yog ob hom: kev sib xyaw thiab ceramic. Composite restoration yog kho cov hniav nrog ib lub teeb-kho cov khoom filling. Vim lub fact tias qhov puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav yog recreated nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj, qhov nokev kho dua tshiab tseem hu ua ncaj qha.
Kev kho tsis ncaj ncaj yog kev kho dua tshiab uas siv cov khoom siv ceramic. Tus kws kho hniav ua ib qho kev xav ntawm tus hniav. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kuaj, ib tug plaster qauv yog ua rau nws, thiab ces ib tug ceramic inlay. Tus kws kho mob muab nws tso rau hauv kab noj hniav, hloov cov ntaub so ntswg uas puas lawm.
Cov kws kho hniav hauv tsev hauv cov teeb meem ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev kho hniav kho hniav muaj kev nyiam ntau dua rau cov tsev kawm ntawv European: lawv tsim cov xwm txheej tsis xwm yeem, tawg, txawm tias specks ntawm cov hniav. Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv kho hniav hauv Asmeskas, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txiav txim siab tsim cov xim dawb tsis zoo, zoo kawg nkaus thiab cov hniav zoo ib yam los ua tus qauv. Qhov txiaj ntsig twg tus neeg mob yuav tau txais yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws qhov kev nyiam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom hais meej meej koj qhov kev xav tau ntawm theem kev sab laj.
Indications rau installation ntawm ceramic inlays
Yuav kom tus neeg mob tawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm kev kos duab kho hniav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsis poob tom qab ob lub hlis. Yog tias ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov hniav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm caries, qhov txhaws yuav tsis ua haujlwm - nws yuav tsis kav ntev. Nws tshwm sim tias cov hniav puas ntawm ob lossis peb qhov chaw, piv txwv li, kab noj hniav carious hla ntawm ib phab ntsa mus rau qhov tsis sib xws. Tus kws kho hniav yuav tau xyaum cov hniav ntawd nyuaj heev. Hauv qhov no, rov qab nrog lub tab.
Txoj kev tsis cuam tshuam nrog depulpation (ntse tshem tawm). Yog tias pheej hmoo cia tus hniav ciaj sia, ces muab lub kaus mom.
Indications rau composite restorations
Kev sau yog siv yog tias ntug ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej tau tawg, tab sis ntawm qhov xwm txheej tias qhov tsis xws luag yog me me. Ntawm cov hniav tom qab, cov kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis pom. Yog li ntawd, ib lub foob tau muab tso rau,yog tias ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab nyob zoo.
txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho tsis ncaj
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev kos duab kho hniav ntawm cov hniav siv ceramic inlays feem ntau zoo dua, thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas.
- zoo meej thiab phim rau cov hniav tawm tsam. Lub inlay yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub chav kuaj, tsis nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj. Tus kws kho hniav ua tus qauv plaster los ntawm kev xav los ntawm tus kws kho hniav. Ntawm nws, nws tshuaj xyuas qhov siab ntawm qhov tom, cov duab, kom nws haum raws li cov hniav uas twb muaj lawm, nyob ntawm ib sab thiab ntawm sab nraud.
- Smoothness. Ceramic tseem du txawm tias tom qab xyoo. Ntawm qhov chaw zoo li no, cov quav hniav tsis "cia" zoo, thiab cov hniav zoo li ci iab thiab ntuj.
- Durability. Ceramic yog cov khoom siv muaj zog, nws kav ntev dua li cov khoom sib xyaw, nws tsis hnav tawm.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kho tsis ncaj
- Nqe. Txhawm rau kho cov hniav nrog ib qho inlay, 2-3 tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm: tus kws kho mob, tus kws kho hniav, kws kho hniav. Feem ntau qhov kev xav yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho hniav uas koom nrog kev kho mob yam tsis tau txais kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho hniav prosthodontist. Tau kawg, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob peb tus kws tshaj lij yog kim dua li kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob uas muab cov filling.
- sijhawm. Kev kho tsis ncaj ncaj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob mus ntsib. Thaum thawj zaug mus ntsib, qhov kev xav ntawm tus hniav raug coj mus. Ob peb hnub tom qab, thaum tus kws kho mob tau ua lub tab, tus neeg mob raug caw mus sim. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv peb mus ntsib.
Pros of composite restoration
Nws pheej yig duaceramic thiab siv sijhawm tsawg dua. Lub filling yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev mus ntsib. Hauv qhov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws, nws yuav siv sijhawm tsis pub dhau ib teev thiab ib nrab.
Kev kho kom rov qab ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov hniav ntau dua li kev kho dua tshiab. Tus kws kho hniav xyaum tsuas yog caries lossis ib qho qub sau, khaws cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Qhov ntau koj tuaj yeem txuag tau, qhov hniav ntev yuav "nyob", nws yuav muaj zog dua. Thaum kho nrog ib lub tab, tus kws kho mob raug yuam kom tshem tawm me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv nrog rau caries.
Txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke
Maj mam, qhov txhaws, txawm tias zoo polished, poob nws cov luster, khawb. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum noj mov, txhuam koj cov hniav. Cov hniav ntuj muaj qhov ci ntsa iab, thaum cov hniav sib xyaw ua ke ua matte thiab pib sawv tawm. Qhov chaw uas txhaws txuas rau cov hniav stains, darkens los ntawm tshuaj yej, kas fes, luam yeeb.
Plaque yooj yim "sticks" rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Nrog kev tu cev tsis zoo, nws kuj yog stains, thiab cov filling yuav pom ntau dua.
Composite yog raws li cov yas, yog li kev kho ncaj qha tsis muaj zog li ceramic inlay. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chips uas pom tsis tau rau lwm tus tau tshwm sim ntawm lub foob. Nws tsis lo rau ntawm tus hniav kom nruj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov zaub mov tseem tshuav, cov quav hniav nkag mus rau hauv qhov txhaws, caries tsim.
Tsis yog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tuaj yeem kho cov hniav kom zoo li qub. Yog li ntawd, rau cov neeg uas xav tau kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi, qhov txhaws tsis haum.
Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm disco teeb, qee cov khoom ntim yuav zoo li dubqhov. Nws tsis zoo li qhov xwm txheej no tus neeg mob yuav tawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm kev kho hniav kho hniav.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov hniav rov kho dua
Kom tus neeg mob xis nyob, tus kws kho hniav yuav tsum siv tshuaj loog hauv zos. Qee tus neeg ntshai tias qhov mob nyem yuav tsis ua haujlwm, thiab yog vim li cas. Cov tshuaj loog niaj hnub ib txwm ua haujlwm, qhov teeb meem tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus kws kho mob - suav tsis raug ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
Yog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho hniav, nws yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov pos hniav. Txhawm rau txo qhov tsis xis nyob, tus kws kho mob "kho" qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj loog nrog tshuaj tsuag tshwj xeeb lossis gel. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj mus rau qhov pib ntawm kev kho dua tshiab, nws yuav siv sijhawm li 2 mus rau 20 feeb: rau qhov rhiab heev kom ploj mus, cov hniav sib txawv xav tau sijhawm sib txawv. Ntawm cov hniav hauv qab, nrog rau tag nrho lub puab tsaig sab sauv, kev txhaj tshuaj sai dua. Koj yuav tsum tau tos ntev dua rau "khov" ntawm cov hniav qis dua.
Yog tias muaj cov quav hniav, tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm tu yog ua ntej kev kho dua tshiab. Qhov no yog kev tshem tawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog sandblaster, ntxuav nrog tshwj xeeb abrasive pastes, polishing. Yog tias koj hla cov kauj ruam no, tus kws kho hniav yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom cov xim ntuj ntawm cov enamel, uas txhais tau hais tias kev kho kom zoo yuav tsis raug.
Vim yog kev sib cuag nrog cov hniav ntawm cov qaub ncaug, cov pos hniav los yog cov dej noo los ntawm tus neeg mob ua pa, lub foob yuav poob. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw rau cov dej noo. Yog li hais tias kev ua haujlwm tsis mus rau hauv qhov dej ntws, tus kws kho hniav cais cov hniav nrog cov roj hmab dam. Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb elastic zaj duab xis. Thaum nws "rub" hla tus hniav, nws tawg, thiab cov npoo haum snugly.
Tus kws kho mob tho tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg puas tawm ntawm tus hniav. Lub resulting kab noj hniav yog kho nrog ib tug antiseptic kom cov plua plav uas muaj kab mob caries tsis ua rau rov mob. Tus kws kho hniav lubricates cov hniav nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb acid. Nws ua rau saum npoo me ntsis ntxhib kom cov adhesion rau cov khoom zoo dua. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog siv cov nplaum. Qhov no yog "kua nplaum" uas tuav lub txhaws rau cov hniav. Cov nplaum yog illuminated nrog lub teeb photopolymer.
Tus kws kho hniav pib ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom ntim. Nyob rau theem no, artistic restoration ntawm tus hniav pib. Cov lus tawm tswv yim uas tus neeg mob tawm yog nyob ntawm seb tus kws kho mob puas tuaj yeem tsim cov hniav uas tsis txawv ntawm ib qho ntuj. Yog tias koj saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob zoo, nws paub meej tias vim li cas kev kho kom zoo dua qub yog hu ua kev zoo nkauj. Tus kws kho hniav, raws li ib tug sculptor, recreates cov duab ntawm cov hniav nrog tag nrho nws elevations thiab fissures (hollows ntawm lub tubercles), grooves thiab longitudinal irregularities.
Nws them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov xim ntawm cov enamel ntawm txhua tus neeg tsis zoo ib yam, tab sis muaj kev hloov pauv. Lub incisal ntug ntawm cov hniav yog translucent. Lub coronal feem muaj daj, greyish los yog lwm yam ntxoov ntxoo - nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov xim ntawm dentin nyob rau hauv lub enamel. Tus kws kho hniav ua haujlwm zoo li tus kws kos duab. Nws xaiv ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov xim sib txawv los simulate enamel thiab dentine. Nws tsis siv cov khoom tam sim ntawd, tab sis nyob rau hauv 5-6 mus kom ze. Txhua txheej teeb nrog lub teeb.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov xuab zeb tseem ceeb heev. Tus kws kho mob tshem tawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntau dhau kom tsis txhob uadai hla cov pos hniav kom lub filling tsis siab dhau. Txwv tsis pub, tus neeg mob yuav tsis xis nyob, tom yuav cuam tshuam. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum smoothes qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov txhaws thiab cov hniav: qhov kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab ntawm tus nplaig.
kawg theem - polishing. Cov hniav yog ua kom du kom nws tsis "sau" cov quav hniav, thiab glossy kom nws zoo li noj qab nyob zoo.
Inlay restoration
Kev kho hniav ntawm cov hniav nrog ceramic inlay ntawm thawj theem tsis txawv ntawm kev kho dua tshiab nrog kev txhaws. Qhov txawv tshwm sim tom qab tus kws kho hniav tau npaj cov kab noj hniav. Nws ua rau muaj kev xav thiab dhau mus rau tus kws kho hniav. Thaum lub chaw soj nstuam tau ua lub inlay, tus neeg mob raug caw mus sim nws. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho tsis ncaj ncaj tuaj rau hauv kev ua si. Thaum muab lub foob, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xyuas. Tus kws kho mob tsis muaj sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom tus neeg mob kaw nws lub qhov ncauj thiab ua ob peb lub zom zaws. Kev kho yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov kawg nkaus xwb, lawv ua los ntawm qhov muag. Rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ceramic, lawv raug kho ntawm tus qauv plaster.
Kev kho dua tshiab ua rau dab tsi?
Kev kho kom zoo nkauj yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo tsuas yog thaum lub tshuab tawg lawm. Los yog cov lus qhia rau kev kho dua tshiab yog siab dhau lawm. Piv txwv li, yog tias caries tau rhuav tshem ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov hniav, thiab tus kws kho hniav tau siv sij hawm thiab muab tso rau, nws yuav tsis tiv taus lub load. Nws tshwm sim tias ib qho tawg tawm ntawm tus hniav pem hauv ntej. Nws zoo li muaj kev nyab xeeb los kho nrog kev sib xyaw. Tab sis yog tias cov nti tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tshuab muaj zog, ces cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ua rau mob. Yog tus kws kho hniav tsis tau kuaj qhov no, ces nyob rau hauvTsis ntev cov hniav nyob rau hauv lub restoration yuav tsum tau depulped.
Ua ntej kho tus hniav, ib qho ntxiv yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account: ceramic thiab composite restorations tsis bleach. Yog tias tus neeg mob npaj yuav ntxuav nws cov hniav, ces tsis tas yuav maj nrawm rau nruab ib lub filling lossis inlay - nws tsim nyog txhim kho lub yas yas ib ntus.
Art restoration los yog veneers?
Yuav ua kom zoo nkauj kho hniav ntawm cov hniav lossis cov veneers - qhov kev txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov pib qhov xwm txheej thiab kev xav kom zoo nkauj.
Veneers yog ceramic overlays rau cov hniav uas txuas nrog cov cement. Lub tshuab muaj kev sib tsoo me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv (0.5-0.8 mm) thiab tsis tas yuav depulpation.
Veneers tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej, uas pom thaum luag ntxhi. Ua li no:
- Thaum cov hniav hloov xim. Ib tug hniav tuag tuaj yeem tsaus. Kuj tseem muaj cov hniav hu ua tetracycline. Lawv tig tsaus ntuj thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetal.
- Thaum koj yuav tsum tau kho ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov hniav. Yog tias koj ua nrog cov khoom sib xyaw, cov filling yuav pom.
- Thaum ib tus hniav uas nyob ib sab yog npog nrog cov yas yas. Yog tias rov qab los nrog cov khoom sib xyaw, ces cov filling thiab ceramics yuav txawv nyob rau lub sijhawm, vim lawv muaj lub sijhawm laus sib txawv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev kho hniav ntawm cov hniav muaj teeb meem vim qhov tseeb tias tus kws kho hniav tsis suav nrog qee qhov nuances thiab muab cov veneers lossis lub teeb ntim rau txhua tus. Tej zaum nws yuav tsis ceeb toom tias veneers yog dhau kev kho, tsis zoo li cov khoom ntim. Ntxiv mus, lawv nyob hauv2-3 npaug kim dua.
Kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej nrog veneers zoo dua. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis raug tshem tawm thiab kav ntev li 10-15 xyoo, thiab lub foob nrog kev tu cev tsis zoo tuaj yeem "nyob" tau ob xyoos xwb.
Tus neeg mob cov lus teb
Nws yuav zoo li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev kho cov hniav hauv Moscow yuav tsum tsuas yog qhov zoo, vim tias cov kws kho hniav hauv lub nroog muaj cov txuj ci siab, cov cuab yeej niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua tus neeg mob txaus siab, thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas. Tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem hais rau qee cov txheej txheem kho dua tshiab, tsis yog vim nws tsim nyog dua, tab sis vim nws tsuas muaj nws xwb. Kev ntiav lwm tus kws kho mob txhais tau tias poob nyiaj. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg tau txais ib qho kev tsis ntseeg siab rau tag nrho cov hniav nkaus xwb vim tus kws kho mob tsis paub yuav ua li cas casts.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo txog kev kho cov hniav hauv Moscow tuaj yeem raug tso tseg txawm tias cov neeg mob muaj hmoo txaus kom tau txais kev kho mob los ntawm kws kho hniav, tus tswv ntawm nws cov khoom siv tes ua. Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Qee tus neeg xav tias kev ua haujlwm nrawm txhais tau tias muaj kev tshaj lij. Lawv txaus siab tias tus kws kho mob "muaj kev paub" "pob" cov hniav nrog kev txhaws hauv 15 feeb. Lawv cem tus kws kho mob uas pored hla tus hniav rau 1.5 teev. Qhov tseeb, thawj tus tsoo lub tshuab. Xws li kev kho dua tshiab yuav tsis kav ntev (nws yuav sai sai tshem tawm lossis poob tawm), nws yuav ua kom puas qhov tom. Qhov thib ob tsim cov hniav ntawm qhov tseeb anatomical zoo, uas yuav sawv ntsug ntev, ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo nkauj.
