Fluorography (FLG) lossis X-ray fluorography yog hom kev kuaj X-ray. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev yees duab lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm zaj duab xis los ntawm lub fluorescent screen thiab tso saib cov duab ntawm lub monitor lossis duab. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li qhov tseeb tias qhov ceev ntawm ntau yam kabmob (lub plawv, cov hlab ntsha, lub ntsws) tsis zoo ib yam, yog li ntawd, thaum X-rays dhau los ntawm lawv, qhov tsis zoo tau txais - qhov tsaus ntuj thiab lub teeb. Cov txheej txheem zoo li kev yees duab thiab tau muab tso rau hauv zaj duab xis. Lwm lub npe rau FLG yog xov tooj cua thaij duab.
Cov huab cua kab noj hniav yog pom hauv cov xim dub, cov pob txha yog xim dawb, thiab cov ntaub mos muag yog xim grey sib txawv. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim duab tau txais yog ua tiav hauv lub computer kom muab qhov xaus. Cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob rau fluorography ntawm lub ntsws nrog cov kev soj ntsuam zoo li no yog sib npaug rau qhov uas tus neeg yuav tau txais thaum siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv tsev 2 lub lis piam.
Lub tswvyim ntawm X-rays
Qhov no yog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom ionized, nyob rau hauv cov spectrum ntawm gamma thiab ultraviolet. Nws yog lub hauv paus rau kev kuaj mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. X-rays yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis cuam tshuam. Cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob rau fluorography sib raug rau ib lub lim tiam tas li ntawm kev raug lub hnub.
Puas muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm X-ray rau lub cev
Ntau tus neeg mob txhawj xeeb txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm x-rays ntawm lub cev. Thaum dhau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, rays ionize nws. Cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev nqus tau lawv mus rau qhov sib txawv, ces lawv tham txog lawv qhov kev raug mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv ntawm cov molecules, atoms hloov pauv - lawv tsuas yog them. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, hauv cov poj niam - kev mob caj ces ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv.
X-ray cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm ntau txoj kev. Txhawm rau suav rau cov kev tshwm sim no, muaj lub tswv yim - hluav taws xob txaus ntshai coefficient rau cov khoom nruab nrog cev lossis cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws txiav txim siab qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam tshwm sim tom qab hluav taws xob. High coefficient yog cov ntaub so ntswg susceptibility siab. Thiab, yog li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob kuj yog siab dua. Qhov cuam tshuam tshaj plaws yog cov kab mob hematopoietic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pob txha liab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv no system, pathologies tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw. Nrog me ntsis raug, lawv yog reversible; nrog ntau dua - muaj kev tawg ntawm erythrocytes thiab hemoglobin.
Y Tej zaum yuav yog leukemia, erythrocytopenia, ua rau lub cev hypoxia, txo cov platelets. Cov hlwb ntawm txheej txheej ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub hlab ntsha kuj puas lawm.
Lub ntsws, lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus neeg laus yog cov xov tooj cua tiv taus. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tseem tsis tau ua tiav lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab lawv cov hlwb tau sib faib ua ntu zus, yog li kev hloov pauv ntawm X-rays nce hauv lawv. Fluorography tsuas yog tso cai los ntawm hnub nyoog 15 xyoos xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tsis ua tiav rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating.
Lwm yam ua tau pathologies:
- kev txhim kho ntawm oncology;
- ntxov laus;
- cataract nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag.
Thiab ua li cas hauv kev xyaum? Hauv cov cuab yeej siv kho mob, siv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab lub zog, yog li ntawd, txawm tias rov raug dua thaum kuaj, tsis muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev. Piv txwv li, ib zaug raug rau radiography yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau yav tom ntej tsuas yog 0.001%. Txiav txim rau koj tus kheej yog tias qhov no ntau heev.
Radioactive rays tsis ua haujlwm tom qab lub cuab yeej raug kaw tam sim. Vim li cas? Vim lawv yog electromagnetic nthwv dej, qhov tseeb. Lawv tsis sib sau, tsis txhob tsim lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm tus kheej hluav taws xob.
Xaus: Tsis tas yuav tsum ntsuas qhov hnyav los txo cov hluav taws xob tom qab kuaj X-ray, tab sis tsis tas yuav mus rau lwm cov txheej txheem kho mob.
X-ray
Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau zoo, nkag tau thiab tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev kuaj mob rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo. Cov txheej txheem yog cov ntaub ntawv heev. Hauv daim duab ntawm lub ntsws, cov duab ntxoov ntxoo txawm tias txog 2 hli raug kuaj pom. FLG tsis ntes lawv.
zaj duab xis fluorography
Muab cov duab x-rayduab ntawm ib tug noticeably txo qhov loj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 10 cm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog 2.5 cm. Tsis tas yuav tham txog qhov zoo ntawm daim duab ntawm no. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no tsuas yog ib daim qauv ntawm cov duab hauv siab txo qis. Cov duab yog tsau rau cov yeeb yaj kiab photosensitive.
Zaj duab xis FLG yog ib txoj hauv kev dhau los thiab tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim. Nws xav tau ntau yam xwm txheej rau nws tus kheej:
- nws siv sijhawm thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los tsim daim duab;
- Cov duab zoo li cas los tus kws kho mob yuav tsum siv lub iav tsom iav los txiav txim rau lawv.
Thiab qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev no yog nrog cov fluorography, cov tshuaj hluav taws xob ntau dua ntawm no.
YDigital Fluorography
Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua txoj kev tshawb fawb nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob qis dua, thiab cov duab zoo yog siab. Cov duab raug xa mus rau hauv xov tooj cua. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov fluorography, irradiation los ntawm lub zog tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv latitude ntawm 10 txog 50 mR ntawm tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab.
Cov cuab yeej siv digital tso cai rau koj los tshawb nrhiav qhov loj. Thawj cov duab ua tiav sai heev los ntawm software. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub computer tsis tas li. Qhov tsuas drawback ntawm digital FLG yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li, txoj kev yuav tsis siv rau txhua lub tsev kho mob.
Txoj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab niaj hnub no yog kuaj lub hauv siabcov hlwb, uas ua rau digital scanning fluorograph. Nrog rau txoj kev no, lub emitter thiab lub receiver ntes txav mus raws lub cev ntawm tus neeg tau kawm. Cov duab kab mus rau lub computer. Radiation raug txo los ntawm 30 npaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab zoo tau zoo dua qub vim yog siv cov nqaj nqaim ntawm lub zog, uas txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg. Qhov no yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam thaum kuaj cov neeg mob hnyav ntxiv.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab scanned nce mus txog 80%, thiab tsis tas yuav siv hluav taws xob ntxiv tom qab lawv. Qhov no txo cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv.
ntsuas ntsuas
Hauv kev kuaj X-ray, X-ray thiab sievert yog siv. Lub tshuab X-ray muab cov theem ntawm cov hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv roentgens (R). Lawv ntsuas tag nrho cov hluav taws xob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lom yog ntsuas hauv sieverts (Sv).
Sievert yog ib chav ntsuas rau ionizing hluav taws xob koob tshuaj nyob rau hauv International System of Units (SI), uas tau qhia txij li xyoo 1979. Sievert (nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Swedish radiophysicist R. Sievert) yog, qhov tseeb, tus nqi ntawm lub zog sib npaug nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm absorbed koob tshuaj ntawm gamma tawg nyob rau hauv 1 Grey ib 1 kg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lom. Yooj yim hais, qhov no yog koob tshuaj uas tus neeg tau txais.
Sievert yog kwv yees li ntawm 100 roentgens. 1 R yog kwv yees li 0.0098 Sv (0.01Sv).
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv xoo hluav taws xob kho mob qis dua li qhia, ntau txhiab (milli) thiab lab (micro) ntawm Sievert thiab Roentgen tau siv los qhia lawv.
BNyob rau hauv cov zauv, qhov no yog qhia raws li nram no: 1 sievert (Sv)=1000 millisievert (mSv)=1,000,000 microsievert (µSv).
Ib yam rau x-rays. Kuj tseem muaj lub tswv yim ntawm koob tshuaj - tus nqi hluav taws xob ib lub sijhawm (teev, feeb, thib ob). Nws yog ntsuas, piv txwv li, hauv Sv / h (sievert teev), thiab lwm yam.
Ntau Sieverts ib tus neeg tau txais
Sievert ntsuas tus nqi hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm lub cev hauv ib chav tsev ntawm lub sijhawm, feem ntau yog ib teev. Tom qab ntawd lawv sau tag nrho lub neej.
Txij li xyoo 2010, SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09 "Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009" tau siv rau hauv Lavxias Federation. Raws li nws, qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws hauv ib xyoos yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1,000 μSv.
Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm kho mob yuav tsum tau rov ua x-ray, daim ntawv hla tebchaws hluav taws xob raug muab rau tus neeg mob, uas yuav tsum tau ceev ceev hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob sab nraud. Nws yuav tsum sau tag nrho cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob tau txais thaum kho.
Irradiation rau kev kuaj mob
Cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob rau X-ray thiab lub hauv siab fluorography sib txawv ntawm X-ray: nws yog 0.3 mSv, uas tsawg dua rau fluorography.
Tab sis nws tsim nyog xav txog tias nrog x-ray ntawm lub ntsws, daim duab feem ntau yog coj hauv ob qhov kev kwv yees, thiab tom qab ntawd cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob yog ob npaug.
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb digital, tus nqi raug yog 0.04 mSv. Zaj duab xis fluorography muab cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm 0.5-0.8 mSv, X-ray ntawm lub ntsws - 0.1-0.2 mSv.
Cov koob tshuaj irradiation rau CT, uas tau sau tseg rau kev xav tias oncology thiabtuberculosis, thaj tsam ntawm 2 mus rau 9 mSv, uas yog ntau dua fluorography.
Irradiation koob tshuaj rau fluorography, x-rays thiab MSCT (multispiral xam tomography) txawv, piv txwv li, qhov hluav taws xob raug nyob rau hauv txoj kev tom kawg yog 30% qis dua CT. Cov duab thaum lub sij hawm kuaj xyuas no yog txheej, yog li txawm tias cov nqaij mos me tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob tau pom.
Ultrasound thiab MRI tsis irradiate lub cev.
Yuav ua li cas txo qhov mob ntawm x-rays
Radiation physicists pom zoo 3 txoj hauv kev:
- txo sijhawm siv;
- nce qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus emitter;
- siv cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv nrog txheej txhuas.
Yog tias lub sijhawm nyob tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv, qhov kev ncua deb tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tib neeg cov kab mob gonadal. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "skirts". Thaum kuaj X-ray, tus neeg mob raug tiv thaiv nrog ib lub apron. Cov menyuam yaus raug kuaj tag nrho lub cev nrog lub qhov rais ntawm thaj chaw tua.
ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv kev tshawb fawb
Ib xyoos ib zaug, thaum lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm FLG, cov tshuaj tawg yog 50-80 μSv. Yog tias qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv ib xyoos yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1000, ces cov npoo yog loj, thiab nrog rau cov qauv FLG, qhov taw qhia ntawm 4-15 μSv yog ntau dua.
Cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm fluorography ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm siv yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 0.3 mSv, thiab thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis digital, nws tsuas yog 0.05 mSv. Qhov txawv yog pom tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias x-ray yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Yog li kos npe rau txhaj tshuaj, koob tshuaj zoo duaqhia meej irradiation. Tom qab cov txheej txheem, xyuam xim rau cov lej qhia los ntawm tus kws kho mob radiologist. Nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj qhov tso cai txhua xyoo koob.
Dab tsi muaj rau fluorography
FLG txheej txheem - tiv thaiv. Ntau cov pathologies tsis tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej ntev, thiab kev kuaj mob ntxov yuav ua rau kom rov zoo dua. Kev tshuaj xyuas tiv thaiv tuaj yeem kuaj tau:
- tuberculosis;
- oncology;
- mob khaub thuas;
- mob bronchial;
- pneumatic lossis hydrothorax;
- vascular sclerosis;
- fibrosis.
Kev kuaj mob ntxov tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm hom kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb.
X-ray zoo dua lossis FLG
Dab tsi yog qhov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob rau fluorography? Qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws tau sau tseg nrog zaj duab xis FLG, suav txog 50% ntawm cov qauv pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas, i.e. 0,5m wb. Nrog rau kev soj ntsuam digital, cov txiaj ntsig no tsuas yog 3% ntawm cov koob tshuaj txhua xyoo, piv txwv li. 0.03mSv.
Cov koob tshuaj tiv thaiv digital rau fluorography hauv μSv yog 30. Qhov tseeb, cov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab no tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau txhua qhov kev coj.
Yuav ua li cas hauv tsev kho mob thiab vim li cas
Yog li, yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob nyab xeeb thaum lub sijhawm fluorography yog 1 mSv / xyoo, FLG tuaj yeem ua kom nyab xeeb 2 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Thiab yog tias koj yuav tsum tau ua nws dua, piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tias muaj kab mob pathology, koob tshuaj yuav dhau qhov kev tso cai. Tab sis yog qhov kev rov ua dua ib txwm tsim nyog? Rau phau ntawv kho mob, 1 zaug hauv ib xyoos yog txaus.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tsuas yog xav tau thaumtau daim ntawv tsav tsheb. Tab sis muaj qee pawg ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov haujlwm uas FLG raug xaiv ib zaug txhua 6 lub hlis.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau fluorography thiab radiography ntawm lub ntsws zoo li no: 5 mSv thiab 0.16 mSv, feem. Yog tias koj tau raug tshuaj fluorography, tej zaum lub tsev kho mob sab nraud no muaj txoj kev kuaj mob zoo dua, txawm tias them nyiaj. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv.
Fluorography yog tus thawj coj hauv kev thov hauv tsev kho mob vim nws tus nqi qis piv rau MRI thiab CT. Txawm hais tias nws cov lus xaus tsuas yog muab cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub plawv thiab lub ntsws, piv nrog x-rays. Vim li cas cov kws kho mob tawv ncauj xa txhua tus mus rau FLG, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai dua thiab tsis paub ntau ntxiv? Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev mus ntsib kws kho mob, txawm tias tsis mob khaub thuas, so ntawm kev teem caij ntawm tus kws kho mob mus rau FLG.
Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv x-ray - cov txheej txheem kim dua. Thiab cia cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob rau fluorography siab dua rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Cov laj thawj feem ntau so ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- tsis muaj cov cuab yeej digital hauv tsev kho mob;
- x-ray tau them, tab sis kev kuaj xyuas yuav tsum pub dawb;
- khoom siv ntawm qhov tawm;
- X-ray tsis ua haujlwm.
Plus, FLG pheej yig dua. Cov yeeb yaj kiab x-ray kim muaj nyiaj thiab tsis haum rau kev kuaj mob loj. Qhov no yog kim heev rau kev tshawb fawb loj. Kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo. Tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau lub xeev.
FLG coj tsoomfwv kev txuag nyiaj ntau hauv cov khoom siv thiab nwsmuaj nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb, enables kev tshawb fawb loj. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sijhawm li ib feeb thiab qhov kev xa tawm yog 150 tus neeg ib hnub. Hauv qhov no, FLG yog qhov hloov tsis tau.
