Nyob hauv lub neej, pib txij thaum yau, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob yam tsis tau poob. Ntawm lawv yog kab mob tetanus - kab mob kis tau los ntawm kev noj cov kab mob hu ua clostridium (lat. Clostridium tetani) rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lub hauv paus chaw nyob rau cov kab mob no yog av, qaub ncaug thiab tsiaj quav. Lawv tau mus rau tib neeg los ntawm ntau hom kev raug mob qhib. Tau kawg, lub neej niaj hnub ntawm ob tus menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev raug mob uas ua txhaum kev ncaj ncees ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes. Thiab yog tias tom qab lub qhov txhab tau kis nrog cov av, tom qab ntawd thaum tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, qhov no tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub zog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.
Yuav kom tib neeg lub cev tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov tshuaj toxoid thiab neurotoxin. Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, cov tshuaj no nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ua kom muaj zogKev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw
Hauv tebchaws Russia, feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob qho tib si: tetanus toxoid thiab diphtheria. Lawv pab tsim kev tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd rau ob qho kev kis mob txaus ntshai rau tib neeg. Thawj tsis txawv ntawm qhov uas siv rau hauv ib qho kev npaj, qhov thib ob tuaj yeem ua tiav lossis qis dua. Pediatricians pom zoo tias cov niam txiv uas tab tom xav txog seb puas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv tus menyuam los tiv thaiv kab mob hawb pob thiab tetanus muab kev nyiam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj toxoid tiav yog npaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo, thiab nrog rau cov tshuaj qis, rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus.
Yam tshuaj tiv thaiv
Cov tshuaj no yog siv los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub ua ntej yug menyuam, yog tias lawv tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yav dhau los. Qhov kev ntsuas no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm leej niam thiab cov me nyuam mos (me nyuam mos) tetanus kom zero. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tau dhau los ntawm leej niam mus rau tus menyuam yug tshiab, uas muab kev tiv thaiv tus menyuam mus txog ob lub hlis tom qab yug menyuam. Txij li hnub nyoog peb lub hlis, cov me nyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus.
Ntau zaus, cov niam txiv hluas txaus siab yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus rau cov menyuam yaus li cas. Koj yuav tsum paub tias txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tag nrho,tus menyuam tau txais tsib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus toxoid. Rau cov pej xeem me me ntawm Russia, peb ntawm lawv tau tuav thaum muaj hnub nyoog txog 1 xyoos, plaub - ntawm 1.5 xyoo, thiab thib tsib - ntawm 6 lossis 7 xyoo. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, kev txhaj tshuaj revaccination yog pom zoo rau cov neeg laus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog me nyuam, txhua 10 xyoo. Qhov kev ntsuas no pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob mus ib txhis.
Yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Ntawm lo lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau ntau tus yog: "Kuv puas yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus?" Tus kab mob no txaus ntshai heev thiab feem ntau tuag taus. Hauv xyoo 2012, ntau dua 200,000 tus neeg mob tau sau tseg hauv ntiaj teb, feem ntau yog leej niam thiab menyuam mos tuag. Tetanus toxin cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev, uas ua rau mob hnyav thiab ua rau tag nrho tib neeg cov leeg, nrog rau cov pa ua pa. Nws yog nws qhov spasm tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob uas ua rau cov neeg feem coob tuag.
Tus kab mob tetanus nyob rau hauv cov av, nrog rau kev sib cuag ntawm lub qhov txhab nrog av, muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kis kab mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj txo cov kev pheej hmoo no kom tsawg. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus uas ua haujlwm thiab nyob hauv kev sib cuag nrog av. Cov no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw deb ntawm cov chaw loj.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau mob tsawg dua cov nyob deb ntawm lawv. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua tus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus, poob,tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub hauv caug lossis lub luj tshib. Cov menyuam yaus nyiam sib ntaus sib tua, tom thiab khawb ib leeg. Kev puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias yog tsis tshua muaj, thiab hauv nroog av, av, plua plav thiab tsiaj quav tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov txhab. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, ces qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog siab, vim hais tias cov kab mob uas ua rau tus kab mob no muaj coob tus nyob rau hauv lub nroog thiab nyob deb nroog av, thiab txhua leej txhua tus muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob, tsis hais nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig.
Yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog tetanus?
Yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev kis kab mob yooj yim heev, tus kab mob hnyav heev, thiab qhov yuav muaj kev tuag ntau heev. Thiab yog tias tom qab ntawd koj tseem tab tom xav txog seb puas yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tom qab ntawd cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tsis txhob pheej hmoo rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej, tab sis ua kom nws yuav tsum tau ua.
Tsis txhob txo qhov tseeb tias tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm 10-70% ntawm cov neeg mob, thiab qhov tsis muaj kev kho mob tetanus toxoid yuav ua rau tuag nrog qhov tshwm sim 100%. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias yog tias tus neeg mob tau kis tus kabmob kis tau zoo thiab rov zoo tag nrho, ces tsis muaj kev lees paub tias nws yuav tsis kis tus kabmob ntxiv. Hauv lwm lo lus, tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob tetanus ib zaug tuaj yeem kis tau yooj yim dua, thiab ib qho kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev tsis tsim kev tiv thaiv rau nws, ib yam li lwm yam kab mob.
Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho tus mob tetanus yog los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Ntxiv mus, kev tiv thaiv ntxiv dag zog rau qee qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, uasua raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg. Qhov no yuav ua rau tus neeg tsis txhob txhawj txog kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Laus
Feem ntau, hmoov tsis, tsis paub thaum twg lawv tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug kos npe los ntawm Ministry of He alth ntawm Lavxias Federation, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg laus yog nqa tawm txhua 10 xyoo, yog tias tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej. Hauv kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug, ob koob tshuaj yog muab nrog kev so ntawm 1 lub hlis ntawm lawv. Ib xyoos tom qab, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thib peb tau ua tiav, uas suav tias yog kev kawm puv ntoob. Tom qab no, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li lub sijhawm, uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus. Cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho, cov neeg khawb av, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb ciav hlau, nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau tus kab mob tetanus, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv xwm ceev
Yog tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem ua rau kis tau tus kab mob, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm tas sijhawm ntawm 5 xyoos tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj tag nrho. Cov xwm txheej no suav nrog tsiaj tom, raug mob, frostbite thiab kub hnyiab, yug hauv tsev, ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov thiab kev rho menyuam tawm txhaum cai. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws yuav zoo li hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tsis tsim nyog. Thaum ua tiav hauv ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej saum toj no, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias nwsyuav tsis mob. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam lees qhov kev qhia ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.
Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Me Nyuam
Yav dhau los, peb twb tau hais tias kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pertussis yog siv los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug muaj zog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau yav tom ntej, ib tug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm muaj cov thawj ob. Cov chav kawm tag nrho suav nrog tsib koob tshuaj, uas yog tswj hwm ntawm 3, 4, 5, 6 lub hlis, 1.5 xyoo thiab 6-7 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, ruaj khov tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog tsim, thiab rov qhia dua yog qhov tsim nyog, raws li tau hais los saum no, raws li lub sijhawm tsim los ntawm Ministry of He alth ntawm Lavxias Federation. Feem ntau nws yog ua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14-16 xyoo.
About revaccination
Nws tsis yog zais cia tias tom qab kev qhia txog qee yam tshuaj uas tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj kho dua tshiab. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tsis muaj qhov zam. "Thaum twg nws tau tsim los txhawb kev tiv thaiv?" - qhov no yog lo lus nug uas txhawj xeeb rau feem coob ntawm cov pej xeem. Peb twb tau hais tias tus menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txij li 3 lub hlis tom qab yug menyuam mus txog 6 lossis 7 xyoo. Yog tias txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav tag nrho, ces qhov kev tiv thaiv no kav ntev li 10 xyoo, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj thib ob. Rau ib tus neeg laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los, yuav tsum tau txhaj koob tshuaj 3 zaug, ob qho uas tau muab 1 lub hlis sib nrug ib zaug, thiab qhov kawg tom qab ib xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab 10 xyoo, kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau rov qab. Yog koj tsis paub meej txogThaum koj xav tau kev txhaj tshuaj, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob. Nws yuav muab cov lus qhia tseeb rau koj txog qhov koj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus ntau npaum li cas thiab qhia rau koj yog tias koj yuav tsum tau sai sai.
qhov txhaj tshuaj nyob qhov twg?
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov chaw tswj hwm tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias cov tshuaj tau siv tsis raug, nws tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg thiab ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nco ntsoov tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus tau zoo yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo. "Qhov twg yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsim rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus?" - koj nug. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cov leeg nqaij zoo, qhov chaw uas tsis muaj cov rog subcutaneous thiab daim tawv nqaij nyias nyias. Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos, nws raug nquahu kom muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm tus ncej puab. Hauv cov neeg laus, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus yog cov leeg deltoid ntawm lub xub pwg nyom thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub nraub qaum hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav. Nws tsis pom zoo kom muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv pob tw, vim tias cov nqaij ntshiv nyob tob heev, thaum lub subcutaneous rog txheej tau tsim zoo. Hauv qhov no, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tsis yog intramuscularly, tab sis subcutaneously. Nco ntsoov tias tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev kis kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus.
qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj
Tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau ntawm lub tsev kho mob uas koj nyob lossis ua haujlwm, ntawm feldsher-obstetric chaw lossis chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev txhaj tshuajpej xeem. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tso cai rau siv tsuas yog cov tshuaj zoo uas tau sau npe thiab pom zoo rau kev tswj hwm rau cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias Federation. Tig mus rau ib qho ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv no, tus neeg mob, thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias nws tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los raws li txhua tus qauv kev huv ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Yuav ua li cas tom qab txhaj tshuaj?
Tom qab cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg tuaj yeem ua lub neej ib txwm muaj, thiab tsis tshua muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li mob caj npab, liab, o, induration, lossis tsim pob yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev thiab yuav kis mus. lawv tus kheej. Qhov teeb meem tiag tiag tsuas yog qhov nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg, thiab yog tias nws tsis txo qis hauv ob peb hnub, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob, vim qhov kub taub hau ntev tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev txwv txoj kev ua neej ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob ntub qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj rau 2-3 hnub, thiab tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhua yam hauv qab no:
- dej cawv;
- kev ua kis las;
- pool ua luam dej;
- mus ntsib da dej thiab saunas.
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev noj zaub mov zoo qhia tau tias haus dej ntau tshaj plaws thiab ua kom lub cev tsawg kawg nkaus.
Kev nyuaj siab
Kev txhaj tshuaj tsis tshua ua rau muaj ntau yam ntawm lub nra, uas yog, lub sijhawm ntev thiab mob hnyav. neeg thaumtxhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, yuav tsum tau npaj rau lub fact tias lawv yuav muaj anaphylactic shock, urticaria, angioedema, ua pob liab vog, convulsive kev ua si, dermatitis, pharyngitis thiab bronchitis, rhinitis, raws li zoo raws li tsis kaj siab tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv: khaus khaus ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, tawm hws, raws plab thiab plab hnyuv dysbacteriosis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xwm txheej no muaj tsawg heev.
YContraindications
Vim qhov tsis tshua muaj reactogenicity ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, tsis muaj qhov txwv tsis pub ua. Lawv yog contraindicated tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj los yog neurological teeb meem txij li thaum lub xeem txhaj tshuaj. Tag nrho lwm yam tsuas yog ib ntus xwb: lub sijhawm rov tshwm sim ntawm txhua yam kab mob, suav nrog mob khaub thuas, mob ua pa nyuaj; exacerbation ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, diathesis los yog eczema; immunodeficiency xeev; muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tom qab tus mob rov zoo li qub, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thiab, tau kawg, ua ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob uas yuav qhia koj meej thaum twg yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Rau cov neeg uas tseem xav txog seb puas yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, Kuv xav hais tias qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau txhua tus neeg, thiab txhaj tshuaj raws sijhawm yuav pab cawm txoj sia thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj ob leeg. koj tsev neeg thiab phooj ywg.
