Angiography: nws yog dab tsi, piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem:

Angiography: nws yog dab tsi, piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem
Angiography: nws yog dab tsi, piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem

Video: Angiography: nws yog dab tsi, piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem

Video: Angiography: nws yog dab tsi, piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem
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Anonim

Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha tau txais kev soj ntsuam tsis tu ncua. Kev kuaj mob thawj zaug tso cai rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob pathology thiab ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, thiab kev kuaj mob hauv lub cev pab kom paub meej lub xeev ntawm lub cev thaum lub sij hawm kho thiab yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem. Ib txoj hauv kev uas feem ntau siv rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system yog angiography. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob yog qhia los ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab nws yuav ua li cas yog tham hauv kab lus.

angiography yog dab tsi
angiography yog dab tsi

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Nws tau siv sijhawm ntau dua 30 xyoo los siv lub tswv yim ntawm qhov pom ntawm angiography txij li tus kws kho mob lub cev Bekhterev tau hais nws lub tswv yim: "Yog tias muaj cov kev daws teeb meem uas tsis xa cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, cov kua dej no tuaj yeem ntim nrog. nkoj thiab yees duab. " Nws siv sijhawm plaub xyoos ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm kom tau txais kev dav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

Cov neeg mob uas tau sau cov txheej txheem xav tau: "Angiography - nws yog dab tsi?" Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas tus mob thiab patency ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas yog nqa tawm sivcov tshuaj radiopaque. Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau koj los ntsuas cov ntsuas hauv qab no:

  • ntshav ntws nrawm;
  • chaw nkoj;
  • muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lub cev;
  • nqis;
  • tsim ntawm txoj kev ncig ncig;
  • txoj kev ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas pub cov qog.

qhov txheej txheem ua tiav qhov twg?

Cov chaw kuaj mob (nqaim lossis dav profile) thiab cov tsev kho mob tau nruab nrog chav tshwj xeeb rau angiography.

cerebral angiography
cerebral angiography

Ntawm no tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm asepsis tau ua tiav. Cov cuab yeej tsim nyog nyob hauv thaj chaw:

  • angiograph - ib lub cuab yeej uas muaj X-ray chav ntsuas rau kev ntsuas cov hlab ntsha (txoj hlab ntsha, leeg, capillaries, lymphatic hlab ntsha);
  • lub koob yees duab ceev fluorographic;
  • ib lub cuab yeej uas nws txoj haujlwm yog los ua x-ray ntau qhov kev tua thiab kaw video.

CT angiography tau ua nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov duab pom tseeb ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha (ntau yam), thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshiab tshaj plaws.

cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb

Nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab kawm, ib tug radiopaque tshuaj, uas yog ib tug derivative ntawm iodine, yog txhaj. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm catheterization los yog puncture. Yog hais tias lub nkoj nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ces cov tshuaj txhaj rau hauv nws nrog ib tug syringe (raug).

Catheterization yog siv rau cov hlab ntsha tob lossis cov leeg. ATqhov projections ntawm lub nkoj soj ntsuam ua rau cov tshuaj loog hauv zos. Tom qab ib qho kev phais hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous adipose, cov hlab ntsha hauv kev kawm tau pom, thiab ib qho kev qhia tau nkag mus rau hauv nws (ib lub raj yas nyias txog 10 cm ntev). Tus so ntawm cov twj paj nruag thiab cov catheter yog txav mus los ntawm tus neeg qhia, thiaj li tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv tau txhaj los ntawm lub catheter.

lub hlwb angiography
lub hlwb angiography

Tom qab cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub nkoj, nws kis thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha tau sau ua ntej, tom qab ntawd cov hlab ntsha, venules thiab capillaries. Lub sijhawm no, ob peb daim duab lossis cov yeeb yaj kiab luv tau raug coj los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab X-ray.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha (cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb) tau sau tseg rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab digital, uas tso cai rau koj los qhia cov kev hloov pauv no rau lwm tus kws tshaj lij.

Nws thov nyob qhov twg?

Kev kuaj mob thiab patency ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj xws li:

  • phais vascular - ua ntej kev phais, tus kws kho mob qhia qhov chaw thiab cov qauv ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm;
  • oncology - qhov chaw ntawm thawj cheeb tsam thiab metastases raug tshuaj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm tsim lawv cov capillary network;
  • pulmonology - tso cai rau koj los ntsuas cov vascular network ntawm lub ntsws, nrog rau txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm cov ntshav uas tau tshwm sim;
  • phlebology - cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab qhov muaj qhov nqaim, qhov pom ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tsim cov ntshav txhaws, vascular puas tsuaj los ntawm atherosclerosis, congenital anomalies;
  • neurology - angiography ntawm cerebral hlab ntsha qhia pom muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, hemorrhages,nqaim, qog cov txheej txheem.

Yog tias tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov hlab ntsha ntawm ib cheeb tsam, ces qhov txheej txheem no hu ua general angiography. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas lub xeev ntawm ib tug neeg lub nkoj, xws li ib tug kev tshawb no yog hu ua xaiv.

Cerebral angiography

Rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, cov tshuaj radiopaque yog siv los ntawm catheterization ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha, xws li:

  • right femoral;
  • xub pwg;
  • luj tshib;
  • subclavian.
CT angiography
CT angiography

Lub catheter tau dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau thaj chaw uas cov ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha kawm nyob. Ib qho tshuaj yog txhaj rau hauv nws lub lumen. Tam sim ntawd muab cov duab los ntawm sab thiab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub taub hau. Yog tias tsim nyog los kawm ntau cov qauv nyob deb, ib feem thib ob ntawm cov khoom tau qhia. Ntxiv dua thiab, koob txhaj tshuaj ua raws li qhov xav tau qhov projections. Cov cuab yeej nkag tau raug tshem tawm thiab kev kuaj pom tau tiav.

Angiography ntawm lub hlwb yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj loog hauv zos los tshuaj loog rau qhov chaw uas catheterization tau ua. Thaum lub catheter tau dhau los ntawm lub cev, tus neeg mob tsis hnov qhov tsis xis nyob. Nrog rau kev qhia txog kev daws teeb meem, qhov saj ntawm cov hlau nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj, yaug ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag, qhov kev xav ntawm cov dej ntws tawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qhov tshwm sim ploj tom qab ob peb feeb.

Kev ntsuas rau kev kuaj mob hlwb

Ntau tus kab mob pathological uas xav tau kev kuaj mob (MRI angiography yog ua kom paub meej cov ntsiab lus):

  • aneurysm yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub nkoj uas tuaj yeem ua rau hemorrhage;
  • angioma -vascular qog;
  • ischemic stroke - tus kws kho mob ntsuas qhov xav tau rau thrombolysis;
  • hemorrhagic stroke - lub hauv paus ntawm hemorrhage txiav txim siab;
  • vascular malformation - tus kws kho mob soj ntsuam cov theem ntawm pathology thiab qhov los ntshav;
  • TBI - tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob;
  • hematoma - tus kws tshaj lij ntsuas qhov chaw thiab qhov loj;
  • qog - txiav txim qhov loj, qhov chaw, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov nkoj xa khoom.

Angiography ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub siab

Coronary angiography - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib txoj kev kawm txog cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plawv. Catheterization ntawm femoral lossis radial hlab ntsha yog nqa tawm thiab catheter raug xa mus rau aorta. X-ray contrast tov yog txhaj alternately rau sab xis thiab sab laug coronary hlab ntsha. Kev txhaj tshuaj tau tawg tam sim ntawd.

mob angiography
mob angiography

Tus neeg mob yuav yws txog cov tsos mob xws li:

  • tshav kub hauv lub ntsej muag;
  • arrhythmia;
  • kiv taub hau;
  • xeev siab, ntuav;
  • ncaws.

Cov lus qhia rau kev coj ua yog lub plawv nres, kab mob plawv, mob plawv, mob plawv tsis zoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub cev xeeb tub.

Kev kuaj cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov extremities

Angiography ntawm cov extremities koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg ntawm caj npab thiab txhais ceg. Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov leeg sab sauv yog ua los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj radiopaque rau hauv cov hlab ntsha brachial. Rau cov qis extremities - mus rau hauv lub plab aorta los yog femoral artery, nyob ntawm seb nws yog tsim nyog.kuaj mob. Txhawm rau kawm txog cov hlab ntsha ntawm ko taw thiab sab ceg, ib qho kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha tibial tom qab yog ua. Thaum txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg mob yuav hnov qhov kub ntawm ob txhais ceg.

Indications rau kev kawm:

  • atherosclerosis ntawm qis extremities;
  • obliterating endarteritis;
  • Ythrombosis, thrombophlebitis;
  • thromboembolism;
  • kev puas tsuaj nrog vascular ruptures;
  • dissecting aneurysm;
  • kev ntsuas kev kho mob zoo.

Npaj rau kev kuaj mob

Qhov tsis muaj tus neeg mob siab rau iodine thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau teev tseg. Yog tias tus neeg mob cev xeeb tub, tsis siv x-rays. Hauv qhov no, MR angiography yog qhov zoo dua.

arterial angiography
arterial angiography

Cov dej cawv tsis suav nrog hauv ob lub lis piam, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (Heparin, Warfarin, Aspirin) hauv ib lub lis piam. Ob peb hnub ua ntej qhov kev kuaj mob, cov kev tshawb fawb xws li:

  • kuaj ntshav thiab zis, coagulogram, biochemistry;
  • ECG thiab ultrasound ntawm lub plawv;
  • ntsws fluorography;
  • txiav txim siab hom ntshav thiab Rh yam;
  • kuaj kab mob (HIV, kab mob siab, mob syphilis).

Hnub ua ntej ntawm angiography, kev sim rau cov tshuaj radiopaque tau ua. 0.1 ml ntawm kev daws yog txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm urticaria, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, arrhythmias, tshuaj yog txwv tsis pub.

Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ua ntej txheej txheem, ua kom huv thiab huv si. Tus kws tshaj lijprescribes sedatives kom tus neeg mob so kom txaus thiab so. Thaum sawv ntxov, tus neeg kawm yuav tsum tsis txhob noj lossis haus, ua ntej kev tswj hwm nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom zais zais zis.

Nuances of preparation

Muaj ntau tus kab mob pathological uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev thiab ua kom zoo dua hauv kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem xws li angiography. Cov neeg mob yuav tsum ua dab tsi los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev kuaj mob mus yam tsis muaj teeb meem?

ntshav siab yuav tsum tau ruaj khov. Rau lub hom phiaj no, "Nifedipine", "Dibazol", "Raunatin" lossis lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav siab uas tau siv los kho tus neeg mob tas li.

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub plawv arrhythmias, "Panangin" los yog potassium chloride yog siv. Raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg, siv cov glycosides plawv. Nrog cov kab mob plawv lossis mob plawv, "Nitroglycerin", "Erinit", "Sustak" yog siv.

ua angiography
ua angiography

kab mob raum yuav tsum tau saturating lub cev nrog dej. Tus neeg sawv cev radiopaque siv yuav ua tsawg dua li khaus thiab tawm hauv lub cev sai dua hauv cov zis.

Yog tias muaj cov kab mob ntev (sinusitis, bronchitis), tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob lossis sulfonamides 2 lub lis piam ua ntej kev kawm.

Contraindications rau angiography

Kev kuaj mob tsis tau ua thaum muaj kev hem thawj rau tus mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej xws li:

  • ntsimkab mob inflammatory;
  • kev puas siab puas ntsws;
  • raum tsis ua haujlwm;
  • lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau theem decompensation;
  • ua xua rau iodine thiab nws cov derivatives;
  • kab mob nrog los ntshav;
  • xeeb tub.

Angiography yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo thiab siv dav rau kev kawm txog vascular system, uas muaj ntau yam zoo dua lwm cov txheej txheem kuaj mob.

Pom zoo: