Tib neeg lub cev yog ib txoj hauv kev uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus kheej. Qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej tsim nws, thiab txhua yam khoom hauv nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm kom raug. Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub hlwb. Muaj ntau ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb, lub paj hlwb muaj 60% ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau cov roj cholesterol, ntau cov tshuaj hormones tsim. Qee tus koom nrog lo lus cholesterol (cholesterol) nrog atherosclerosis, nrog qee yam teeb meem. Tab sis cia wb mus saib seb nws tshwm sim li cas.
Cov roj (cholesterol) thiab cov cholesterol. Puas muaj qhov sib txawv?
Cov roj (cholesterol) thiab cov roj (cholesterol) yog dab tsi? Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv lub cev yog dab tsi? Lub cev, nws yog kua siv lead ua kua. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov tshuaj cais tawm, nws yog qhov tseeb los hu cov roj cholesterol, raws li nws suab hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws. Cov particle -ol qhia tias cov compound belongs rau cawv. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv lo lus "cholesterol".
Tsis tas yuav tau txais cov roj (cholesterol) los ntawm sab nraud, qhov sib xyaw no yog tsim los ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej los ntawm 80%. Qhov seem 20% yog los ntawmzaub mov, thiab qhov kev qhia no kuj tsim nyog. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj no.
Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib yam khoom muaj nyob rau hauv pob zeb uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib thiab lub gallbladder. Ntawm no nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj (cholesterol) ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov ntau dua qhov yuav ua tau kom tshem tau cov calculus yam tsis muaj kev phais. Cov pob zeb no ntab dawb thiab me me.
Cov roj cholesterol synthesis hauv peb lub cev ib hnub yog kwv yees li 0.5-0.8 g. Ntawm cov no, 50% tsim hauv daim siab, thiab kwv yees li 15% hauv cov hnyuv. Txhua lub cell hauv lub cev muaj peev xwm tsim cov roj cholesterol. Feem ntau, 0.4 g ntawm cov khoom no tuaj nrog zaub mov ib hnub.
Y Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj (cholesterol)
Cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov ntshav yog cov khoom sib txuas uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj steroids, vitamin D, cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej, thiab adrenal cortex. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub cell membrane. Ua tsaug rau cov roj cholesterol, cov hlwb muaj peev xwm tswj tau lawv cov qauv. Cellular thauj raws kuj tsim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov khoom no. Yog li, yog tias tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev, ces cov hlwb ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Muaj kev ua tsis tiav hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.
Bile acids yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua tsib, lawv kuj tau tsim los ntawm cov roj cholesterol. Cov txheej txheem no siv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev - txog peb lub hlis twg. Cov kua tsib acids tseem ceeb heev rau kev zom zaub mov, tag nrho cov txheej txheem metabolic nyob ntawm lawv.
Y"zoo" cholesterol
Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib yam khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov ntshav plasma. Nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cuam tshuam rau lub cev thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 20th tau kawm ntau heev. Ntau qhov kev tshawb pom tau ua tiav hauv daim teb no, thiab kaum peb qhov khoom plig Nobel tau txais txiaj ntsig.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb tau pom, lub cev tsis muaj cov tshuaj no hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Nws ib txwm muaj peb yam, txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm. Txij li thaum cov roj (cholesterol) tsis tuaj yeem yaj tau, nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv thauj khoom thauj mus los hauv lub cev. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) thiab cov protein, lossis lipoproteins, yog tsim. Muaj peb chav kawm ntawm lipoproteins: qis, qis heev thiab siab ceev.
High-density lipoproteins dissolve zoo thiab tsis tso tseg. Xws li kev thauj khoom sib txuas ncaj qha cov roj cholesterol rau kev ua rau lub siab, qhov twg cov kua tsib acids tsim nyog rau kev zom zaub mov yog tsim los ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov seem nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj no yog hu ua "cov roj cholesterol zoo."
LDL cov roj (cholesterol) tsawg lipoprotein tau txais lo lus "cov roj cholesterol phem". Hom no yog daim ntawv thauj loj. Ua tsaug rau LDL, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm lub cev. Xws li lipoproteins tsis zoo soluble, yog li lawv nyiam tsim precipitates. Yog tias qib LDL nce, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerosis.
Cov lipoproteins seem uas tsis poob rau thawj ob pawg yog lipoproteins heevtsawg ceev. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab nqa cov roj cholesterol mus rau tag nrho lub cev. Cov tshuaj no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, lawv tsim cov atherosclerotic plaques.
Nyiaj
Txhua tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias qhov siab dua lipoprotein ntom ntom hauv cov ntshav, qhov zoo dua. Tab sis yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab txog ciam teb thaum muaj txiaj ntsig kev sib txuas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov tsis zoo? Txhawm rau tswj tag nrho cov roj (cholesterol) tag nrho ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo), nrog rau qib lipoproteins ntawm ntau qhov ntom ntom, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob thiab kuaj ntshav biochemical txhua xyoo.
Yog li koj yuav nco ntsoov paub txog qib roj cholesterol hauv koj lub cev. Yog li, nyob rau lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem nqis tes ua thiab kho qhov xwm txheej yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv.
Cov roj (cholesterol): Ib txwm
Cov qauv no feem ntau nyob ntawm lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv, hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus neeg kuaj ntshav. Cov ntsuas dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Tus qauv ntawm tag nrho cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov neeg laus yog 3.9-5.2 mmol / l. Yog hais tias qhov tshwm sim yog los ntawm 5.2 mus rau 6.5, ces cov kws kho mob qhia me me deviations los ntawm tus qauv. Nrog rau qhov taw qhia los ntawm 6.6 txog 7.8 - qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Saum toj no 7, 8 - ib daim ntawv ntawm hypercholesterolemia hnyav, kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob twb tsim nyog ntawm no.
2. Xav txog cov txiv neej sib cais, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qib ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 7.17 mmol / l, rau cov poj niam qhov kev txwv yog 7.77. Yog tias cov roj (cholesterol) siab, ces tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau muab lus qhia ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau lub xeev ntawm kojnoj qab haus huv.
3. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov lipoproteins ntau ntom ntom rau cov lipoproteins tsawg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1: 3. Txhua tus yuav tsum paub cov qauv no.
Yog tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim nrog koj cov roj (cholesterol) tag nrho thiab qhov piv ntawm "zoo" thiab "phem", ces koj tsis tas yuav cem cov roj cholesterol rau koj noj qab haus huv. Yog hais tias tus qauv tsis dhau los ntawm ntau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los kho nws nrog cov khoom noj kom zoo, kev ua si ntawm lub cev. Tshem tawm cov cwj pwm phem, mus rau hauv kev ua si, saib lub ntiaj teb nrog kev pom zoo, tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm koj lub neej - thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv yuav rov zoo li qub.
Atherosclerosis thiab cholesterol
Qhov ua rau atherosclerosis, ntau pom cov roj cholesterol. Yog tias tag nrho cov roj (cholesterol) siab, ces nws, tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cuam tshuam cov ntshav ntws. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog "phem" cov roj cholesterol, los yog lipoproteins tsawg thiab tsawg heev. "Zoo", ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntxuav cov hlab ntsha ntawm nws.
Nws twb tau ua pov thawj tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm atherosclerosis thiab cov roj cholesterol yog qhov tsis meej heev. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias yog tias cov roj (cholesterol) nce siab, qhov no yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis. Tab sis qhov no pathology feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj ib tug ib txwm theem ntawm lub compound peb tab tom xav txog. Qhov tseeb, cov roj (cholesterol) siab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam txaus ntshai rau kev tsim tus kab mob. Cov no suav nrog kev haus luam yeeb, rog rog, kub siab thiab ntshav qab zib. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov xwm txheej no, txawm tias muaj cov roj cholesterol ib txwm, kuj ua rau muaj kev txhim kho atherosclerosis.
Different view
Tseem muajlwm views. "Kho" cov khoom - cov roj cholesterol - accumulates nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj microdamages ntawm cov hlab ntsha, nws thaiv cov kev puas tsuaj, yog li ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug kho. Yog li, atherosclerosis feem ntau pom txawm tias muaj cov roj cholesterol li qub.
Nrog rau tus nqi nce, qhov teeb meem tshwm sim sai dua, ntxiv rau, nws yooj yim dua los koom nrog kev ua txhaum cai ntawm atherosclerosis, uas tau ua tiav thaum pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cov roj (cholesterol) tau raug tshaj tawm tias yog tus ua txhaum ntawm txhua yam mob. Yog li vim li cas ho tsis txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas tam sim daws teeb meem nrog cov hlab ntsha? Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, qhov tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol tuaj yeem ua rau hemorrhages. Cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav cov laj thawj uas ua rau vascular puas tsuaj thiab txhim kho txoj kev kho tshiab.
Qib ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) nyob ntawm tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm nws qhov ntau dhau hauv cov zaub mov, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov rog. Thiab lawv kuj txawv. Muaj cov rog uas lub cev xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau tua "phem" cov roj cholesterol, nce qib "zoo". Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov roj monounsaturated muaj nyob hauv cov khoom noj hauv qab no:
- Avocado.
- Almonds.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas.
- Pistachios.
- noob noob hnav.
- txiv roj roj.
- Natural txiv ntseej.
- Sesame oil.
Polyunsaturated fats kuj tsis ua rau peb cov hlab ntsha, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis kam lees, tab sis koj tsis tas yuav mob siab rau. Nrog lawv qhov tsis txaus, atherosclerotic plaques loj hlob ntawm ob tus nqi. Cov rog no tsis tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev, yog li lawv yuav tsumnoj nrog zaub mov:
- pob kws roj.
- Sunflower and pumpkin noob.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids muaj nyob hauv cov khoom noj hauv qab no:
- Seafood.
- ntses ntses.
- Hemp oil.
- Linseed roj.
- Soybean oil.
- Walnuts.
Cov roj saturated nce qib roj cholesterol, thiab thaum noj zaub mov kom txo cov ntsuas, koj yuav tsum txwv lawv ntau npaum li qhov ua tau hauv koj cov zaub mov:
- Nyob.
- Pob.
- Butter.
- fatty cheeses.
- txiv maj phaub thiab txiv maj phaub roj.
- Kream.
- tag nrho mis.
- Icecream.
Cov rog txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog cov rog trans. Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov kua zaub roj hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, cov roj (los yog margarine) tau txais. Trans fats tsis tsuas yog nce qib ntawm "phem" cholesterol, tab sis kuj txo cov qib "zoo". Lawv feem ntau siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam ib nrab, pastries, confectionery, chocolate tuav, khoom qab zib thiab ntau ntxiv.
Kev phom sij ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab
Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib yam khoom uas yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv peb lub cev. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov rog mus rau lub hlwb. Cov roj (cholesterol) "nqa" rog rau cov hlab ntsha, los yog coj los ntawm qhov ntawd. Tab sis yog tias nws cov concentration siab dua li cov qauv tso cai, nws tau tso rau ntawm phab ntsa. Yog li, lawv tuaj yeematherosclerotic plaques tsim, thiab cov hlab ntsha ua clogged. Vim li cas thiaj txaus ntshai?
Nrog ntau cov kua roj cholesterol, cov micro-rupture yuav tshwm sim. Cov qe ntshav liab thiab platelets maj nrawm los ntawm nws, thiab cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tsim. Yog tias lub nkoj raug thaiv los ntawm thrombus, muaj peev xwm ua rau mob stroke, myocardial infarction lossis gangrene ntawm limb.
Kev kho mob tsis zoo
Txhawm rau txo cov roj cholesterol, koj yuav tsum ua lub neej noj qab haus huv. Qhov hnyav tshaj yuav tsum tau txo. Ua ib ce tsis tu ncua. Ua raws li kev noj haus (cov zaub mov noj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj roj saturated, nrog rau cov rog trans).
Yog tias txoj kev ua neej zoo tsis ua rau txo qis cov roj cholesterol, cov tshuaj los ntawm pawg statin raug tshuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem txo qis "phem" cholesterol, yog li tiv thaiv kev mob stroke lossis plawv nres.
Cia peb xaus nrog peb cov lus qhia yooj yim:
- Tsis txhob muab rog tag nrho. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm peb lub zog, kev tiv thaiv, tsim cov khoom ntawm cov cell membranes.
- Saib xyuas cov rog hauv koj lub cev. Rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, kev noj cov rog txhua hnub, yog tias txhais ua calories, yuav tsum yog 600-800 kcal, uas yog kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov khoom noj txhua hnub tom kawg.
- Nyob zoo cov rog. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov dej uas nyob hauv chav sov.
