Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov rog zoo li lub cev, uas nyob hauv lub plhaub ntawm txhua lub cell hauv lub cev. Feem ntau ntawm nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim siab (kwv yees li 80%), tus so los nrog zaub mov.
Y Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj (cholesterol)
Qib txaus ntawm cov tshuaj no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm ntau lub cev thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias cov roj cholesterol yog ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, nws ua haujlwm ntau yam hauv qab no:
- ua kom lub zog ntawm cov cell membranes;
- tswj cov permeability ntawm cell membranes los ntawm kev ua kom cov enzymes tsim nyog;
- koom nrog hauv cov metabolism hauv cov roj-soluble vitamins thiab lwm cov txheej txheem metabolic;
- yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm adrenal hormones thiab androgens;
- muaj nyob rau hauv myelin sheaths ntawm paj hlwb;
- koom nrog tsim cov vitamin D;
- tiv thaiv cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm hemolytic co toxins;
- koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov kua tsib thiab cov kua tsib hauv lub siab, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nqus cov rog hauv cov hnyuv;
- cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwmserotonin receptors lub luag haujlwm rau lub siab zoo thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev txaus siab.
Quantitative and qualitative norm of cholesterol
Tag nrho cov roj (cholesterol) siab yog tias nws qib siab dua 5 mmol / l. Yog tias ib tus neeg muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus los yog kab mob plawv, qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 4.5 mmol / l.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo - qhov piv ntawm nws cov feem ntau. Yog li, cov roj cholesterol tsawg yog nce siab yog tias nws cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 100-130 mg / dL. Tus nqi ntawm HDL thiab triglycerides kuj raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov lipoproteins tsawg tsawg hu ua "phem" vim tias lawv nqa cov roj (cholesterol) feem ntau thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Hauv qhov no, cov txheej txheem oxidation tshwm sim, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsim cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lawv.
High-density lipoproteins raug suav tias yog "zoo" vim tias lawv noj cov roj cholesterol los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab rov qab mus rau lub siab, thiab tseem tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem oxidation.
Y Ua rau hypercholesterolemia
Nyob rau hauv etiology ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab, ib qho kev hloov pauv yuav dag. Daim ntawv ntawm pathology no txhais tau tias yog thawj lossis tsev neeg. Nrog nws, cov roj (cholesterol) siab tau kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tus kab mob no yog vim tus me nyuamNws tau txais los ntawm nws niam nws txiv cov noob tsis xws luag uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lipid synthesis, yog li ntawd, ib qho pathological concentration ntawm cov rog zoo li cov tshuaj tau kuaj pom hauv nws lub cev.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias feem ntau cov roj (cholesterol) siab hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis raug kuaj pom, vim txhua yam ploj mus yam tsis muaj tsos mob tshwm sim. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua.
Cov ntaub ntawv thib ob ntawm tus kab mob no tshwm sim thaum raug rau qee yam uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog muaj feem cuam tshuam:
- daim siab mob;
- kev nyuaj siab thiab ntxhov siab;
- hnub nyoog tshaj 55;
- poj niam txiv neej (tag nrho cov roj cholesterol ntau dua hauv cov txiv neej);
- smoking;
- khoom noj khoom haus - noj ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom noj rog thiab calorie ntau ntau;
- hypodynamia.
Pathology nrog rau hypercholesterolemia. Lub mechanism ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob
Feem ntau, cov roj cholesterol siab tau pom hauv daim siab puas, ntshav qab zib, hypothyroidism. Nephrotic syndrome kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev siv qee yam tshuaj, muaj cov hlab ntsha ntshav siab thiab rog dhau kuj ua rau hypercholesterolemia.
Yog tias peb tham txog cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias kev sib sau ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov cell membranes yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev qhuav dej. Tias yog vim li cas hypercholesterolemia qhia txog kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsom rautxhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej los ntawm kev hla ntawm cov cell membrane, ua kom lawv txoj haujlwm zoo. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov hlwb uas tsis yog-nuclear, fatty acids tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv qhov tsis muaj dej.
Yog tias peb xaus lus, peb tuaj yeem hu ua lwm qhov tseem ceeb etiological ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab - lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov hlwb thiab lub cev tag nrho.
Hypercholesterolemia kuaj tau li cas?
Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kom raug, cov tsos mob ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab ib leeg yog qhov ntsuas tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws raug nquahu kom ua tiav qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab dhau ib qho kev xeem.
Kev kuaj mob feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- sau ntawm anamnesis thiab nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho, suav nrog tus neeg mob qhov kev tsis txaus siab;
- txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm tsim cov tsev neeg hypercholesterolemia lossis lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv;
- kuaj nrog auscultation thiab ntsuas ntshav siab;
- kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm cov zis thiab ntshav txhawm rau txiav tawm cov kab mob inflammatory;
- kuaj ntshav biochemical nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov concentration ntawm creatinine, qabzib thiab uric acid;
- lipidogram, uas tso cai rau koj kom pom cov qib lipoproteins siab;
- Yimmunological xeem;
- Kev kuaj kab mob ntxiv ntawm cov txheeb ze tom ntej txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws ntawm caj ces.
Thaum kuaj mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog tus neeg mob txoj kev noj zaub mov zoo, nws txoj kev ua neej, muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab lub sij hawm thaum qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg tau ua tiav, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis txaus siab thiabnta ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab yog dab tsi?
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd tias hypercholesterolemia nws tus kheej tsis tau tshwm sim. Qee qhov kev tsis txaus siab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum tsim nyog pathologies txuam nrog impaired lipid metabolism tshwm sim.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) siab suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- tus neeg mob muaj mob hauv siab, tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv nres lossis mob plawv, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha;
- yog tias pom muaj cov roj cholesterol ntau ntau hauv cov txiv neej, tom qab ntawd impotence lossis erectile kawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim ib txhij, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev thaiv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov roj cholesterol;
- atherosclerosis thiab cerebral stroke yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab;
- yog tias, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm hypercholesterolemia, cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha peripheral raug cuam tshuam, ces obliterating kab mob ntawm ob txhais ceg, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha thrombosis nrog kev loj hlob ntawm thrombophlebitis, tej zaum yuav tsim;
- cov cim qhia tsis ncaj ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) siab tuaj yeem suav hais tias mob hauv qis qis, nco tsis taus thiab tsis xis nyob hauv plawv.
Kev tshwm sim sab nraud ntawm cov cholesterolemia
Ntxiv rau qhov kev tsis txaus siab uas qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha, cov neeg mob tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsos mob sab nraud ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab. Ntawm lawv, cov tsos ntawm lipoid corneal arch yuav tsum tau hais. Cov tsos mob no feem ntau qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm tsev neeg hyperlipidemia thiab kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog.tsis muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshwm sim ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab yog xanthelasma. Cov formations zoo li qias neeg daj nodules, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Upper txheej ntawm lub epithelium ntawm daim tawv muag. Qee lub sij hawm lawv me me, lawv tuaj yeem tsis pom, yog li lawv feem ntau kuaj pom los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Hypercholesterolemia kuj tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm xanthoma - cov roj cholesterol nodules, uas nyob saum cov leeg.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov kev piav qhia tshwm sim tsuas yog nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological, thaum tus kab mob muaj kev mob hnyav, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib kis thiab qib roj cholesterol, uas loj hlob mus rau tus lej tseem ceeb.
Cov roj (cholesterol) thiab cev xeeb tub
Thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, tus poj niam lub cev tau rov tsim kho dua tshiab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho tus menyuam li qub. Thaum lub sijhawm no, lipid metabolism hloov pauv. Yog li, cov roj (cholesterol) siab thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus qauv, txij li lub sijhawm no lub cev ntawm niam lub cev xav tau ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj no txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov tshuaj hormones steroid kom zoo.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xws li physiological hypercholesterolemia yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev txwv thiab tsis pub tshaj tus qauv ntau dua 2 zaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov roj cholesterol siab thaum cev xeeb tub muaj qhov ntsuas sib txawv nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog.poj niam. Yog li, yog tias tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tsis tshaj 19 xyoo, nws yog 3.08-5.18 mol / l. Yog tias nws muaj 40 xyoo lossis tshaj, ces cov roj cholesterol yog 6.94. Hauv ob qho tib si, cov ntsuas no yog qhov qub.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov rog hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yog pom nyob rau hauv peb lub hlis twg. Tom qab yug menyuam, cov roj cholesterol rov qab zoo li qub hauv 4-6 lub lis piam.
Tshuaj kho mob ntawm hypercholesterolemia
Thaum cov roj (cholesterol) siab thiab kev kho mob tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov roj metabolism hauv cov rog no tau kuaj pom, cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau pom zoo:
- statins. Lawv thaiv cov synthesis ntawm enzymes uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov roj cholesterol, yog cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws rau hypercholesterolemia. Nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tib neeg lub cev, cov nyiaj no tuaj yeem txo qhov concentration ntawm cov cholesterol los ntawm yuav luag 60%. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txo qis triglycerides thiab nce qib HDL. Cov tshuaj kws tshaj lij yog Mevacor, Baikol thiab Leskol.
- Fibric acids - txo qis triglycerides thiab HDL, txhawb kev oxidation ntawm fatty acids hauv daim siab. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov nyiaj "Atromed-S", "Trikor" thiab "Lopid".
- tshuaj tshuaj uas tuaj yeem khi rau cov kua tsib kua qaub thiab txo cov roj cholesterol synthesis hauv daim siab (Colistin, Questran tshuaj).
YCov khoom noj uas txo cov roj cholesterol
Pharmacotherapy yog ua tiavnrog kev mob hnyav lossis nyuaj ntawm hypercholesterolemia. Nrog nws cov ntawv me me, cov hauv qab no yog siv:
- vitamin E yog ib qho muaj zog antioxidant uas tiv thaiv kev tsim cov cholesterol plaques thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov hlab plawv pathologies;
- Omega-3 fatty acids - pom muaj ntau hauv cov roj ntses, roj primrose yav tsaus ntuj, flax thiab rapeseed noob; Lawv txo cov qib triglyceride thiab tiv thaiv thrombosis, tiv thaiv o, uas yog kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm atherosclerosis;
- nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj ntau, uas txhawb cov roj fatty acids hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, txo triglycerides thiab LDL, nce HDL los ntawm 30%;
- folic acid thiab vitamin B12 - nrog rau lawv qhov tsis muaj, theem ntawm homocystin txo qis, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerotic vascular hloov pauv thiab kab mob plawv.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias noj qee yam tshuaj tsis tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) siab yuav tsis tshwm sim yog tias koj noj kom raug, saib xyuas koj qhov hnyav, txav mus ntxiv, tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab ua tib zoo soj ntsuam kev tiv thaiv.
YKev noj haus rau hypercholesterolemia
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev noj zaub mov noj yog kev tiv thaiv sclerotic thiab tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol ntau dhau ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog.
Yuav ua li cas coj raws li txoj cai?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo qis cov rog, tsis suav cov khoom noj uas muaj roj cholesterol los ntawm kev noj zaub mov,txwv tsis pub noj cov roj saturated fatty acids thiab ua kom cov polyunsaturated fatty acids ntau ntxiv. Nws raug pom zoo kom haus ntsev tsawg dua, zaub fiber ntau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov cov tsiaj rog nrog zaub.
noj qab nyob zoo muaj xws li ntses, nqaij ntshiv, txiv ntseej thiab taum pauv, cereals thiab bran, thiab ntsuab tshuaj yej, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho antioxidant, tab sis kuj yog ib qho dej haus uas txhim kho lipid metabolism.
Kev noj cov qej nyoos minced muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov ntshav nyias nyias, tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws thiab txo cov concentration ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) vim muaj cov alliin hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Thaum kuaj pom cov roj cholesterol siab, cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, thiab muaj cov kab mob sib kis nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb etiology ntawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum muab tshuaj kho, uas yuav tsum muaj kev qhia thiab tsom mus rau normalizing lipid metabolism.
