Ua haujlwm rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte. Ntshav kuaj

Cov txheej txheem:

Ua haujlwm rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte. Ntshav kuaj
Ua haujlwm rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte. Ntshav kuaj

Video: Ua haujlwm rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte. Ntshav kuaj

Video: Ua haujlwm rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte. Ntshav kuaj
Video: tshuaj zoo mob plab kem zaub mov thiab zoo mob plab ntswj 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Leukocyte mis (leukogram) qhia txog qhov feem pua ntawm cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav. Tau txais nws thaum ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav. Qib ntawm ib lossis lwm hom leukocytes yog vim qhov txo qis lossis nce hauv lwm hom. Thaum deciphering cov mis leukocyte, tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Ntxiv rau qhov dav dav leukogram, muaj cov lej hu ua leukocyte indices, uas yog, kev kawm txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau hom qe dawb hauv cov ntshav. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog qhov intoxication index, uas pab txiav txim siab qhov mob ntawm qhov mob. Kuj tseem muaj qhov ntsuas xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev ua xua thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov feem pua ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, yuav tsum muaj kev tsom xam tshwj xeeb, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov yuav yog leukoformula. Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau hloov mus rau sab laug ntawm leukocyte mis? Cia peb xav txog hauv kab lus no.

hloov mus rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte
hloov mus rau sab laug ntawm cov qauv leukocyte

hom qe ntshav dawb

Tus leukogram qhia qhov piv ntawm cov hom hauv qab no: monocytes, lymphocytes,basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils. Cov qe ntshav dawb sib txawv muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab siv. Nyob ntawm seb muaj cov granules hauv lawv uas tuaj yeem pom xim, ob hom leukocytes txawv: granulocytes thiab agranulocytes.

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granulocytes suav nrog basophils (pom cov xim alkaline), eosinophils (acid), neutrophils (ob leeg dyes). Agranulocytes suav nrog T- thiab B-lymphocytes, nrog rau monocytes.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb

cov qe ntshav dawb ua haujlwm hauv qab no:

  • T-lymphocytes tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab cov kab mob txawv teb chaws. B-lymphocytes tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Monocytes koom nrog hauv phagocytosis, tshem tawm cov kab mob, thiab tseem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsim cov ntaub so ntswg.
  • Basophils txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm lwm hom rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob, koom nrog kev tsis haum tshuaj.
  • Eosinophils nquag txav thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis. Lawv tsim cov tshuaj tsis haum thiab inflammatory, thaum tso cov tshuaj histamine.
  • Neutrophils ua phagocytic tiv thaiv - lawv nqus cov kab mob txawv teb chaws. Lawv kuj zais cov kab mob bactericidal.
ntshav kuaj
ntshav kuaj

Ua haujlwm ntawm leukocyte mis rau sab laug

Thaum muaj ntau yam kab mob, txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov mob ntawm lub cev, kev tshuaj xyuas yog muab los txiav txim seb tus lej leukocytes hauv cov ntshav. Cov ntshav tuaj yeem noj tau ob qho tib si venous thiab capillary (los ntawm tus ntiv tes).

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm leukocytes, lawv cov qauv thiab kev sib txawv yog xam raws li leukocyte formula, uassawv cev rau qhov feem pua ntawm cov leukocytes ntawm ntau hom. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias xws li ib tug qauv yuav txawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg mob uas muaj tib yam mob. Hnub nyoog kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Technique

Npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav tsis yog qhov nyuaj: tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis kam noj plaub teev ua ntej qhov txheej txheem, thiab kev ntxhov siab thiab lub cev yuav tsum zam hnub ua ntej.

Cov khoom siv los txiav txim siab cov mis yog cov ntshav venous. Ua ntej qhov no, tus kws kuaj mob yuav tsum nyem tus neeg mob lub hauv pliaj nrog txoj siv tshwj xeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxig ib rab koob nyias mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas nyob rau hauv qhov khoov ntawm lub luj tshib, los ntawm cov ntshav yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub raj. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua tsis mob, tab sis feem ntau qhov mob tsis muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, ib tug poob ntawm cov ntshav yog tau thiab muab tso rau hauv lub khob phaj thiaj li yuav txiav txim seb qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm leukocytes thiab lawv cov xov tooj siv lub tshuab ntsuas. Yog tias lub tsev kho mob muaj cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, ces lub ntsuas ntsuas suav cov khoom - lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thiab kev cuam tshuam tib neeg tsuas yog xav tau yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov qauv lossis muaj cov khoom tsis zoo.

Qhov hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis rau sab laug txhais li cas
Qhov hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis rau sab laug txhais li cas

Lub sijhawm kom tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tau kawm. Feem ntau koj yuav tsum tau tos tsis pub ntau tshaj ob peb hnub. Tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom yuav tsum ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau. Thaum deciphering, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov hloov mus rau sab laug ntawm leukocyte formula.

Kev hloov pauv txhais tau li cas?

Leukogram hloov mus rau sab laug, uas yog, nce tus nqistab neutrophils, qhia cov chav kawm ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib kis thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Feem ntau, neutrophils nyob ntau dua 50% ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tua cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, nqus cov kab mob txawv teb chaws.

Hloov mus rau sab laug kuj tuaj yeem pom nws tus kheej los ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntau dhau, thiab qhov no nws yog hu ua reactive thiab tsis xav tau kev kho mob, vim tias tom qab so cov mis yuav rov zoo thiab rov qab los. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mis leukocyte nrog kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem qhia tau tias acidosis, uas yog, qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali hauv lub cev, nws nce, thiab ua ntej coma. Qhov no yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis mus rau sab laug txhais tau tias.

Yog vim li cas

Cia sau cov laj thawj rau qhov nce hauv neutrophils:

hloov ntawm leukogram mus rau sab laug
hloov ntawm leukogram mus rau sab laug
  • cov txheej txheem mob ntawm pob qij txha thiab cov kabmob sab hauv;
  • kab mob ntau yam;
  • mob ntshav qab zib;
  • tissue ischemia;
  • muaj ntshav qab zib;
  • kab mob oncological;
  • tshuaj lom los ntawm ib qho tshuaj lom: ob qho tib si uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, thiab ua los ntawm vapors (piv txwv li, txhuas lossis mercury vapors);
  • kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam tshuaj.

Txhawm rau kuaj pom qhov hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm leukocytes, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav tshwj xeeb. Hom kev tsom xam thiab nws txoj kev yuav txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij nws tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug hloov ntawm txhua yam, cov txheej txheem inflammatory nws tus kheej los yog ib tug kab mob ntawm tej yam yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas.los yog cov khoom nruab nrog cev uas cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv ntawm qib ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ib txwm muaj. Tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm leukogram mus rau sab laug dhau los ua tus yuam sij rau kev kuaj mob kom raug thiab lav kev kho kom zoo, uas yuav ua rau lub cev rov zoo li qub sai dua.

ntshav leukogram
ntshav leukogram

Cov tsos mob sib xws

Cov tsos mob hauv qab no yuav qhia tau tias lub cev muaj cov qe ntshav dawb ntau dhau:

  • kev qaug zog;
  • faus;
  • qis zog;
  • kiv taub hau.

Tus neeg mob muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab nws tus kheej cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm leukocytes. Tau pom lawv, koj yuav tsum tau hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas yuav xa tus neeg mob mus rau qhov kev sim tsim nyog thiab sau ntawv kho tus kheej rau nws.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qauv hloov pauv tau ua tiav thaum sawv ntxov, thaum cov ntshav qab zib tsawg tsawg, thiab lub cev tau so los ntawm ntau yam kev thauj khoom.

leukocyte indices
leukocyte indices

Hloov pauv hauv qhov tseeb thiab qhov txheeb ze hauv cov ntshav leukogram

Hloov pauv hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm leukocytes hauv cov mis inclines cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov txheeb ze monocytopenia, neutropenia lossis eosinopenia tshwm sim. Cov npe no kuj tseem muaj lwm yam kab mob: lymphocytosis, neutrophilia, txheeb ze monocytosis.

Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov leukocytes yog qhov tseeb, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias muaj cov lymphopenia kiag li, monocytopenia thiab neutropenia, Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm leukocytes hloov pauv, cov ntsiab lus tseeb thiab cov txheeb ze yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov lej tsis muaj tseeb qhia cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm leukocytes ntawm txhua hom. Cov yam ntxwv txheeb ze tsuas yog pab txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb sib txawv hauv ib chav ntawm cov ntshav. Feem ntau, txoj kev hloov pauv yog tib yam.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee zaum neutrophilia thiab neutropenia ua ke nrog ib leeg. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus lej ntawm ntau hom leukocytes, koj yuav tsum ua ntej xam tus nqi no, suav nrog tag nrho cov leukocytes thiab feem pua ntawm cov cellular muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Peb tau saib dab tsi hloov mus rau sab laug ntawm leukocyte mis txhais tau tias.

Pom zoo: