Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov lus: qib, kho

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Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov lus: qib, kho
Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov lus: qib, kho

Video: Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov lus: qib, kho

Video: Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov lus: qib, kho
Video: tshuaj no zoo kho mob ncauj plab ກະເພາະ 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Hauv kev xyaum kho mob niaj hnub no, xws li teeb meem xws li tsis hnov lus tsis hnov lus muaj ntau heev. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis hnov lus maj mam. Raws li kev txheeb cais, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kev kuaj mob zoo sib xws tau nce ntau hauv xyoo tas los no. Yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov laj thawj tseem ceeb thiab cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob yuav pab tau rau ntau tus neeg nyeem.

kab mob yog dab tsi?

tsis hnov lus sensorineural hauv cov menyuam yaus
tsis hnov lus sensorineural hauv cov menyuam yaus

Sensorineural hnov lus tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hnov lus dav dav, qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau pob ntseg sab hauv (lub cev ntawm Corti, uas hloov kev vibrations rau hauv hluav taws xob impulses xa mus rau cov paj hlwb), lub suab paj nruag, los yog lub auditory chaw nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.

Qib ntawm kev hnov lus tsis hnov lus yuav txawv, xws li los ntawm kev txo qis me ntsis rau lub suab kom ua rau lag ntseg. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 400 lab tus tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub nohnub raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb no, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob sau npe ntawm tus kab mob no tau loj hlob txhua xyoo. Feem ntau, cov neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm tus kab mob no yog cov hluas los yog cov neeg muaj peev xwm loj hlob. Yog li dab tsi yog qhov ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab thawj cov tsos mob yog dab tsi?

Cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov kab mob

sensorineural hnov lus poob 1 degree
sensorineural hnov lus poob 1 degree

Hnub no, muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm rau tus kabmob no. Piv txwv li, qhov tsis hnov lus sensorineural tuaj yeem muab faib ua congenital thiab tau txais. Nyob rau hauv lem, congenital pathology tshwm sim:

  • non-syndromic (tus kab mob no tsuas yog nrog tsis hnov lus; daim ntawv no raug kuaj pom hauv 70-80%);
  • syndromic, thaum, nrog rau kev hnov lus tsis zoo, kev txhim kho ntawm lwm yam kab mob raug pom (ib qho piv txwv yog Pender's syndrome, uas ua txhaum ntawm lub suab xav tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas)..

Nyob ntawm daim duab kho mob thiab tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv peb hom, xws li:

  • Sudden (ceev) daim ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, nyob rau hauv uas cov txheej txheem pathological yog tsim sai heev - tus neeg mob ib feem los yog kiag li tsis hnov lus nyob rau hauv 12-20 teev tom qab pib cov tsos mob thawj zaug. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev kho mob raws sij hawm, raws li txoj cai, pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg lub pob ntseg.
  • Kev hnov lus tsis zoo - tsis loj hlob sai sai. Raws li txoj cai, muaj qhov nce hauv cov tsos mob uas kav ntev txog 10hnub. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias ntau tus neeg mob sim tsis quav ntsej txog qhov teeb meem, ua rau pob ntseg pob ntseg thiab hnov lus tsis hnov lus tsaug zog, wax buildup, thiab lwm yam, ncua mus ntsib kws kho mob. Qhov no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv, thaum pib kho tam sim ntawd yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho mob ntau zaus.
  • Mob hnov lus tsis hnov lus tsis hnov tsw yog kab tias yog hom kab mob nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Nws cov chav kawm qeeb thiab qeeb qeeb, qee zaum cov neeg mob nyob nrog tus kab mob tau ntau xyoo, tsis paub txog nws qhov tshwm sim. Kev hnov lus yuav poob qis rau ntau xyoo kom txog thaum tsis tu ncua, cuam tshuam tinnitus ua rau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Daim ntawv no yog qhov nyuaj dua los kho nrog tshuaj, thiab feem ntau nws tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov hnov lus. Qee zaum, qhov pathology no ua rau muaj kev tsis taus.

Muaj lwm qhov kev faib tawm. Piv txwv li, kev hnov lus tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ib leeg (tseem cuam tshuam rau pob ntseg nkaus xwb) lossis ob sab, thiab tuaj yeem loj hlob ob qho tib si thaum yau (txawm tias ua ntej tus menyuam kawm hais lus) thiab thaum laus.

Degrees of sensorineural hnov tsis hnov qab

qib ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus sensorineural
qib ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus sensorineural

Hnub no, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm plaub theem ntawm kev kis tus kabmob:

  • Sensoneural hnov lus tsis hnov lus ntawm qib 1 - nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm qhov pib ntawm rhiab heev rau 26-40 dB. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lub suab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 6 meters, thiab ntxhi - tsis ntau tshaj peb meters.
  • Sensoneural hnov lus poob 2 degrees - nyob rau hauv xws li mob, auditoryTus neeg mob qhov pib yog 41-55 dB, nws tuaj yeem hnov ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 4 meters. Teeb meem nrog kev hnov lus tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob ntsiag to.
  • Qhov thib peb ntawm tus kab mob yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab pib ntawm 56-70 dB - tus neeg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev hais lus ntawm qhov deb tsis ntau tshaj li ib 'meter', thiab tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw nrov.
  • Qhov pib rau lub suab nkag siab ntawm theem plaub yog 71-90 dB - cov no yog cov mob hnyav, qee zaum nce mus rau lag ntseg.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho kab mob

sensorineural hnov tsis hnov qab qib 2
sensorineural hnov tsis hnov qab qib 2

Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau yam hauv qab ntawm qhov kev hnov lus tsis hnov lus zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho. Feem ntau suav nrog:

  • kab mob sib kis ntau zaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog otitis media, mob khaub thuas thiab lwm yam khaub thuas uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem;
  • vascular thrombosis;
  • kab mob xws li adenoiditis, labyrinthitis, meningitis;
  • otosclerosis;
  • progressive atherosclerosis;
  • acoustic raug mob;
  • mob hlwb raug mob;
  • kab mob autoimmune;
  • qog ntawm cerebellum thiab pons;
  • siv qee yam tshuaj, tshwj xeeb yog salicylates, aminoglycosides;
  • kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb lossis pob ntseg sab hauv los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, co toxins;
  • ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas nrov;
  • mus mloog suab nkauj nrov;
  • raws li kev tshawb fawb txheeb cais, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog loj feem ntau raug tus kab mob nothaj chaw metropolitan.

Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov qab hauv me nyuam: congenital ua rau

Qhov ua rau tsis hnov lus tau piav qhia saum toj no. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov menyuam yaus raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob zoo sib xws yuav luag thaum yug los. Yog li dab tsi yog qhov ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob? Muaj ob peb yam:

  • noob caj noob ces (nws ntseeg tau tias yuav luag 50% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog cov neeg nqa cov noob ntawm ib hom lossis lwm qhov tsis hnov lus);
  • congenital aplasia ntawm cochlea lossis lwm yam anatomical txawv txav;
  • tus kab mob hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab nrog tus kab mob rubella;
  • muaj cawv syndrome hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub;
  • tshuaj siv los ntawm niam;
  • tus kab mob no yuav ua rau mob syphilis;
  • yam uas txaus ntshai muaj xws li yug ntxov;
  • qee zaum hnov tsis hnov lus tshwm sim vim tus menyuam kis tus kab mob chlamydia thaum yug menyuam.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog dab tsi?

Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, daim duab kho mob yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev hnov lus tsis zoo. Raws li txoj cai, tinnitus tshwm sim ua ntej, thiab distortion ntawm lub suab kuj ua tau. Piv txwv li, qee cov neeg mob yws tias txhua lub suab raug pom zoo li lawv tau qis dua.

hnov tsis hnov qab maj mam. Cov neeg muaj teeb meem tsis hnov lus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrov nrov lossis pawg neeg coob coob. Raws li tus kab mob no zuj zus, muaj teeb meem kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj. Thaum tham nrog ib tus neeg, tus neeg mob, raws li txoj cai, pib tsis nco qab ua raws li kev txav ntawm daim di ncauj, vim qhov no yuav pab tau.paub qhov txawv suab. Cov neeg mob pheej nug lus dua. Raws li tus kab mob loj tuaj, cov teeb meem tau tshwm sim - yog tias tus neeg mob tsis kho, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau tu siab.

Basic diagnostic method

tsis hnov lus sensorineural
tsis hnov lus sensorineural

hnov qab yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev, yog li yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Kev kuaj mob hauv qhov no yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas pib nrog kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob ENT. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm kev ntsuam xyuas nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau hais tias tsis hnov lus tsis muaj kev cob cog rua nrog cov qauv thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub pob ntseg, ces lwm yam kev tshawb fawb yog nqa tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, tone threshold audiometry, tuning diav rawg, impedancemetry, otoacoustic emission, thiab qee qhov lwm tus. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj mob, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tswj xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev txhim kho pathology, tab sis kuj yog qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim.

Sensoneural hnov tsis hnov qab kho

kev kho mob tsis hnov lus sensorineural
kev kho mob tsis hnov lus sensorineural

Tam sim ntawd nws yuav tsum tau hais tias kev kho tus kheej hauv qhov no tsis tsim nyog. Txoj kev kho mob yog xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob tom qab kuaj pom zoo. Yog li yuav ua li cas nrog kev kuaj mob ntawm qhov hnov lus tsis hnov lus?

Kev kho mob ntawm daim ntawv mob hnyav tuaj yeem kho mob thiab nyob ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Piv txwv li, yog tias muaj kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, lossis tshuaj tua kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem sau cov vitamins ntawm pab pawg B, nrog rau E. Thaum muaj mob hnyav, siv tshuaj diuretics thiab tshuaj hormonal.

Thaum twg yuav tsum tau siv prosthetics?

Alas, qhov hnov lus tsis hnov lus tsis tuaj yeem kho tau nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev saib xyuas tshuaj. Thiab yog tias daim ntawv mob hnyav tau teb zoo rau kev kho tshuaj, ces nrog kev hnov lus tsis zoo li no yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

mob tsis hnov lus sensorineural
mob tsis hnov lus sensorineural

Qee zaum, tib txoj hauv kev los kho tus neeg hnov lus yog siv lub pob ntseg. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov qauv niaj hnub no me me thiab muaj kev nkag siab zoo, uas ua rau lawv yooj yim siv.

Ua tsaug rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob otosurgery niaj hnub no, hauv qee hom kab mob, lub npe hu ua cochlear implantation yog ua tau, uas suav nrog kev tso cov electrodes tshwj xeeb rau hauv pob ntseg sab hauv uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab paj nruag. Cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog siv yog tias qhov hnov lus tsis raug cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev ntawm Corti, tab sis cov paj hlwb thiab lub hlwb cov chaw ua haujlwm ib txwm ua haujlwm.

Pom zoo: