tsis hnov lus hauv tus me nyuam yog ib yam mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo los yog pheej tsis hnov lus. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kuaj tau hauv tus menyuam txhua lub hnub nyoog, txawm tias cov menyuam yug tshiab. Tam sim no, muaj ntau yam predisposing yam uas ua rau txo qis hauv suab xaav. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg loj thiab txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm pathology.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hnov lus tsis hnov tsw hauv tus menyuam muaj nyob hauv qab no.
Txhua yam mob yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub suab los ntawm cov khoom ua si, rau lub suab ntxhi lossis lub suab ntawm niam. Ntawm lwm yam, hauv daim duab kho mob muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev hais lus. Kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb yog kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist, nws yog ua raws li kev ua haujlwm qee yam uas siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv rau qhov tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob kom raug, lawv tsomkev txiav txim siab ntawm theem tsis hnov lus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim etiological, kev kho mob tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev kho mob, kho mob thiab phais. Feem ntau, kev kho mob yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke.
Kev faib cov kab mob no
hnov qab ntawm tus menyuam yaus yog qhov tsis hnov lus tsis tiav, uas tus neeg mob pom lub suab tsis zoo. Cov kws kho mob ceeb toom plaub theem ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo. Kev hais lus, nyob ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov degree, ua tsawg thiab tsis to taub. Qib kawg yog nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog kev hnov lus tsis txaus.
Tus kab mob no faib ua ntu zus:
- mob - hnov mob zuj zus, tsis pub dhau ib hlis dhau los txij li pib ntawm txoj kev no; tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog raug mob los yog kis kab mob;
- sudden flow - tshwm sai heev, mus txog ob peb teev;
- subacute - dhau ib mus rau peb lub hlis dhau los txij li hnov tsis hnov lus;
- mob - tus neeg mob tau mob ntau tshaj peb lub hlis; lub sij hawm no yog qhov feem ntau teb rau txoj kev kho.
Raws li qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob ntawm lub suab ntsuas ntsuas, tsis hnov lus raug cais:
- neural;
- kev ua;
- mixed;
- touch;
- neurosensory.
Yog tus menyuam tsis hnov lus hauv pob ntseg nkaus xwb, qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus kabmob yog ib leeg. Ob sab - nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv ob lub pob ntseg.
Degrees ntawm pathology
Cov kws tshaj lij, txiav txim siab qhov hnyav ntawm cov kab mob, ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hais lus thiab tonalaudiometry:
- hnov lus poob 1 degree hauv tus menyuam (nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 26 txog 40 dB). Tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nkag siab thiab hnov cov lus sib tham ntawm qhov deb ntawm 4-6 meters, thiab hnov lub suab ntxhi ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib mus rau peb meters. Lub suab tsis tu ncua ua rau kev hais lus nyuaj nkag siab.
- hnov lus poob 2 degrees hauv tus menyuam (nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 41 txog 55 dB). Tus neeg mob nkag siab qhov kev sib tham ob mus rau plaub metres deb, ntxhi ntawm ib 'meter'.
- hnov lus poob 3 degrees hauv tus menyuam (nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 56 txog 70 dB). Tus me nyuam paub qhov txawv ntawm kev sib tham hauv ib lossis ob metres, thaum lub suab ntxhi yuav tsis meej.
- hnov lus 4 degrees hauv cov menyuam yaus (nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 71 txog 90 dB). Hais lus tsis tau hnov kiag li.
Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov hnov lus siab dua 91 dB, cov kws kho mob kuaj mob lag ntseg. Qee qhov xwm txheej, tau tsim qhov ua rau muaj tus kabmob, nws hloov tawm los ua cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus qeeb.
Sensory hnov tsis hnov lus hauv me nyuam
Daim ntawv no ntawm pathology yog kev sib xyaw ntawm neural thiab hnov mob. Ob qho tib si ib thiab ob peb lub tuam tsev tuaj yeem raug mob rau tib lub sijhawm: lub paj hlwb, pob ntseg sab hauv. Feem ntau, hom kev hnov lus no hauv tus menyuam tau tsim los ntawm kev raug mob uas tau txais thaum yug menyuam thiab thaum raug kab mob lossis co toxins.
Daim ntawv pathological no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus, kwv yees li 91% ntawm cov neeg mob. Hauv xya feem pua ntawm cov xwm txheej, kuaj pom muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Kev tsis hnov lus sib xyaw yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.
Kev hnov lus tsis zoo hauv cov neeg mob hluas
Daim ntawv kab mob no, raws li kev coj ua, yog ib qho teeb meem uas kis mus rau pob ntseg sab nrauv, ossicles ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg thiab tympanic membrane. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm thawj thiab theem ob ntawm kev hnov lus tsis hnov lus.
Qhov ua rau ntawm hom conductive, raws li txoj cai, yog:
- sulfur plug;
- mob pob ntseg;
- txheej txheem ntawm pob ntseg;
- muaj suab nrov nrov;
- pob txha loj hlob nyob rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov teeb meem tsis hnov lus ntawm thawj theem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev lag ntseg thiab lwm yam teeb meem txaus ntshai. Kev kho tus kab mob no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm xaiv tus neeg mus rau qhov teeb meem zoo li no thiab kev kho mob.
Ua rau menyuam tsis hnov lus
Tam sim no, cov kws tshaj lij tsis tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb txog dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau tus kabmob no. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab kawm txog cov kab mob no, qee cov npe ntawm cov khoom raug liam tau raug txheeb xyuas:
- Heredity - tus me nyuam feem ntau tau txais ib qho kev sib xyaw thiab neurosensory hom pathology vim qhov no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus me nyuam muaj irreversible hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub hnov, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, sawv cev rau ob tog tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv kev xaav ntawm lub suab. Raws li kev txheeb cais, hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib cais los ntawm lwm yam kab mob, nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, ib txhij nrog genetic.syndromes.
- Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Thaum kawg ntawm thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub, cov kab mob auditory tau tsim. Yog hais tias ib tug poj niam raug mob los ntawm cov kab mob loj heev nyob rau lub sijhawm, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub cev hnov lus.
- Kev raug mob ntau yam thaum yug menyuam.
- Ib tug poj niam ua lub neej tsis zoo thaum cev xeeb tub thiab tsis saib xyuas sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
- Thaum cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab thiab niam tsis sib haum, qhov Rh tsis sib haum yuav tshwm sim, ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv kev tsim ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab.
- yug ntxov ntxov. Tau kawg, thaum yug ntxov, tus menyuam lub cev hnov lus tau tsim tag nrho. Tab sis hypoxia uas tshwm sim thaum yug me nyuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev auditory.
- Cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm tus neeg mob - qee zaum, tus me nyuam yuav muaj teeb meem hauv daim ntawv ntawm herpes, qhua pias, rubella, thiab lwm yam.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob kuj yog:
- adenoids;
- sulfur plug;
- tympanic membrane defects;
- otitis media;
- tonsillitis;
- kev raug mob ntau yam ntawm lub cev hnov lus.
Qee zaum, cov txheej txheem pathological hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mloog nkauj tas li ntawm qhov ntim siab.
Hauv qab no yog cov tsos mobtsis hnov lus hauv tus menyuam.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no hauv cov menyuam mos
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub txog cov menyuam tsis hnov lus yog muab rau cov niam txiv saib xyuas. Lawv yuav tsum tau ceeb toom los ntawm qhov tsis muaj menyuam yaus txog plaub lub hlis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub suab nrov; nyob rau plaub mus rau rau lub hlis tsis muaj pre-speech vocalizations; ntawm xya mus rau cuaj lub hlis, tus me nyuam tsis muaj peev xwm tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab; nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob xyoos tsis muaj lus.
Cov me nyuam yau yuav tsis teb cov lus hais los sis ntxhi tom qab; tus menyuam yuav nug tib lo lus nug ob peb zaug; tsis teb rau lub npe; tsis txhob cais cov suab ib puag ncig; hais kom nrov tshaj qhov tsim nyog thiab nyeem daim di ncauj.
Cov menyuam yaus tsis hnov lus muaj kev hais lus tsis zoo: muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv kev hais lus ntawm lub suab thiab ua rau pom kev nyuaj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm pob ntseg; ib qho kev txwv tsis pub tshaj lexicon, tag nrho distortions ntawm lub suab-suab lus qauv, tsis muaj ib tug tsim lexical-grammatical hais lus qauv. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj ntau hom dyslexia thiab dysgraphia hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis hnov lus.
Kev hnov lus tsis zoo nrog cov tshuaj ototoxic feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus ob mus rau peb lub hlis tom qab thiab yog ob sab. Kev hnov lus tuaj yeem txo mus rau 40-60 dB. Hauv menyuam yaus, thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo yog vestibular disorders (kiv taub hau, tsis khov kho), tinnitus.
Txoj kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob
Thaumcev xeeb tub, qhov kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb yog kev kuaj xyuas. Yog tias menyuam yaus muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus tsis zoo, lawv yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nrog kev nkag siab meej ntawm lub suab nrov los ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab, cov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg tau sau tseg tias yog inhibition ntawm qhov nqus reflex, blinking, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, txheej txheem xws li otoscopy yog ua.
Rau qhov kev kawm zoo ntawm kev hnov lus muaj nuj nqi hauv tus menyuam loj, audiometry yuav tsum tau ua. Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, muaj ib qho kev ua si ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob, rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv - tonal thiab hais lus audiometry. Yog tias tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb pom qee qhov sib txawv, electrocochleography yog siv rau yav tom ntej, los ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub pob ntseg tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau.
Ntxiv rau tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist, kws kho mob otoneurologist thiab kws kho qhov muag kuj kuaj xyuas cov menyuam tsis hnov lus.
Puas yog thaum yau tsis hnov lus yuav kho tau?
Nrog cov txheej txheem kuaj mob ua tib zoo thiab raws sijhawm thiab ua tiav kev kho mob tsis hnov lus hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov muaj feem tau txais kev hnov lus tag tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias thaum pib ntawm cov kab mob no muaj lub sijhawm ua kom hnov lus zoo.
Thaum tus kab mob no nrog cov teeb meem sensorineural, thiaj li yuav rov zoo, nws yuav tsum tau cog cov sensors. Lawm, lub sijhawm hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo: qhov kev kho sai sai tau pib, qhov muaj feem ntau dua ntawm kev ua tiav.
Kev kho tus kab mob no hauv cov menyuam mos
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho kom rov zoo thiab kho cov neeg mob me me uas tsis hnov lus tau muab faib ua kev phais, kev ua haujlwm, kev kho lub cev thiab tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, nws txaus los ua cov kev ntsuas yooj yim (tshem tawm cov ntsaws cerumen lossis lub cev txawv teb chaws hauv pob ntseg) kom rov hnov lus.
Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis hnov lus tsis zoo vim qhov tsis xws luag ntawm ossicles thiab tympanic membrane feem ntau xav tau kev phais kho qhov hnov lus (ossicular prosthesis, tympanoplasty, myringoplasty, thiab lwm yam).
Kev kho mob tsis hnov lus hauv cov menyuam yaus yog nyob ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus thiab qhov etiological yam. Yog tias qhov hnov lus raug txo qis vim muaj cov kab mob vascular, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg uas txhim kho cov ntshav mus rau hauv pob ntseg thiab cerebral hemodynamics (Bendazol, Eufillin, Papaverine, nicotinic acid, Vinpocetine). Nrog rau kev kis kab mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis hnov lus, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj tshuaj lom tau dhau los ua cov tshuaj thawj kab. Yog hais tias intoxications yog mob, ces detoxification, metabolic thiab lub cev qhuav dej kho, raws li zoo raws li hyperbaric oxygenation yog nqa tawm.
Txoj kev kho tsis siv tshuaj rau kev hnov mob thaum yau yog pneumomassage ntawm lub pob ntseg, electrophoresis, acupuncture, endural phonophoresis thiab magnetotherapy.
Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, tib txoj kev kho kom rov zoo rau cov neeg mob tsis hnov lus tsis hnov lus yog kev hnov lus. Yog ibmuaj cov kev qhia tsim nyog, ces cochlear implantation yog ua rau cov neeg mob me.
Kev kho kom rov zoo rau tus kab mob no suav nrog kev pab ntawm tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus, kws kho qhov tsis zoo, tus kws qhia lag ntseg thiab tus kws kho hais lus.
Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Kev Tsis Pom Kev Me Nyuam Me
Yog tias tus menyuam raug kuaj pom tias hnov lus tsis zoo raws sijhawm, qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev retardation hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse, qeeb kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus, thiab tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb.
Nrog rau kev kho thaum ntxov hauv feem ntau, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav lub xeev ruaj khov thiab ua tiav cov kev kho kom rov zoo.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis hnov lus hauv cov neeg mob hluas suav nrog kev cais tawm ntawm qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub cev, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, zam cov tshuaj ototoxic, tiv thaiv ENT pathologies. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tus menyuam uas tau kuaj pom tias tsis hnov lus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nrog nws mus rau txhua theem nrog rau kev kho mob thiab kev kawm nyuaj.
Cov kab mob zoo li no hauv tus menyuam yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj rau cov menyuam yaus thiab tsis txhob ncua sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
Peb tau tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis hnov lus hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hau kev kho cov kab mob no. Kev noj qab haus huv rau koj thiab koj cov menyuam!
