Ntshav biochemistry: cov qauv thiab kev txhais cov txiaj ntsig

2024 Tus sau: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 21:10

Ntshav qhia txog tib neeg lub cev kev noj qab haus huv. Yog tias muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis teeb meem nrog cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv qee lub cev, lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kuaj sim. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob tau sau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntshav biochemical kom tau txais cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, uas yog nthuav tawm ntau dua li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog dab tsi cov ntshav biochemistry yog dab tsi thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhia hauv kab lus no.

Biochemical tsom xam - nws yog dab tsi?

peb tsawg tus tsis pub ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha kom paub meej. Tsis zoo li kev kho mob, kev tshuaj xyuas biochemical qhia tau hais tias muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav thiab qhia txog lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv. Txij li qhov kev soj ntsuam hauv chav kuaj no yog qhov nthuav tawm tshaj plaws, cov kws kho mob tau sau nws rau txhua tus neeg mob thib ob. Txawm hais tias koj tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab loj, nws yuav tsis yog superfluous los xyuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub cev. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ntau yam kab mobuas thaum xub thawj yog asymptomatic, thiab biochemistry tso cai rau lawv txheeb xyuas. Cov tshuaj ntau tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj hauv qab no:

• gynecology;
• endocrinology;
• pulmonology;
• pediatrics.

Tsis tas yuav hais, tsis yog ib qho kev kuaj mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho loj, tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev. Koj tuaj yeem pub ntshav ntawm lub chaw kho mob hauv zos lossis tsev kho mob dawb, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav xav tau kev xa mus los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Lub sijhawm tos rau cov txiaj ntsig yuav txawv, tab sis qhov nruab nrab nws yog ib lub lis piam. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los tshuaj xyuas biochemical rau tus nqi, tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm tos tau txo qis heev - cov txiaj ntsig yuav raug paub hauv peb hnub lossis txawm tias ntxov dua. Tus nqi ntawm kev kawm hauv cov tsev kho mob ntiag tug yog kwv yees li 200-300 rubles. Cov txiaj ntsig tau tseeb dua tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ntsuas nqaim nqaim rau cov ntshav tshwj xeeb.

Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas

Rau kev kuaj ntshav biochemical, muaj cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb uas suav tias yog tus qauv hauv ntiaj teb kev kho mob. Kev txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry suav nrog txheeb xyuas ntau yam txawv txav hauv tib neeg lub cev:

• Protein - nws qib hauv cov ntshav tso cai rau koj nkag siab seb puas muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txoj hnyuv thiab txoj kev ua neej ntawm tib neeg.
• ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem qhia pom tias muaj lossis ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib.
• Cov roj (cholesterol) - qhov tseem ceeb thaum xav txog kev pheej hmookab mob plawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov laus.
• Urea - qhia cov teeb meem ntawm cov zis.
• Hemoglobin - qhia txog cov hlau hauv cov ntshav.
• Enzymes (ALT thiab AST) pab kom pom qhov txawv txav hauv daim siab thiab cov hlab plawv.
• siab bilirubin qhia tias lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab ntau yam kab mob (piv txwv li, kab mob siab).
• Amylase feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem hauv plab hnyuv, nws qhov ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau mob pancreatitis, ntshav qab zib lossis raum tsis ua haujlwm.
• Potassium thiab sodium yog cov kab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koom nrog hauv cov metabolism.

Indications for analysis

Cov ntshav biochemistry feem ntau tau sau tseg, tab sis tsuas yog rau qee qhov qhia. Yam dab tsi yuav yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau txoj kev kawm no?

• Kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kab mob latent tam sim no. Qee yam mob tuaj yeem mus tau ntau xyoo yam tsis muaj tsos mob, yog li tus kws kho mob muaj qhov laj thawj me ntsis kom xav tias nws, kev kuaj ntshav yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
• Nyob rau lub sijhawm kuaj mob txhua xyoo ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ua cov ntshav biochemistry tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug nrog rau lwm yam kev kuaj mob, txawm tias tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam koj.
• txhawm rau paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob, nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub cov ntshav suav. Tsis muaj CHW yuav tsum tau tso tseg yam tsis muaj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxaws no kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
• Kev pub ntshav rau biochemistry tseem yuav tsum tau thaum kuaj xyuas kom tiv thaiv kev kho mob tsis raug.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los coj cov ntsuas biochemical tsis yog thaum muaj mob xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, ntshav qab zib, suav tias yog kab mob ntawm lub xyoo pua, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau yog tias kuaj pom cov ntshav qab zib nce siab thaum ntxov.

Transcript

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry yuav tsum ib txwm tsis mus dhau qee qhov tsis muaj. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no tau saib xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob, tab sis ntau tus neeg mob tseem xav paub tias cov tshuaj twg cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev. Deciphering ntshav biochemistry rau cov neeg laus muaj xws li cov nram qab no tsis:

• Tag nrho cov protein (TP) yog txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas xav tias muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Raws li: 63-87 grams ib liter.
• Urea - qib siab dhau lawm qhia tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum tsis zoo. Tus qauv yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 12 mmol ib liter.
• Creatinine (Crea) qhia txog teeb meem nrog lub siab. Cov qauv rau cov neeg laus muaj li ntawm 88 txog 194 units.
• Bilirubin (TBIL) tshwm sim hauv lub cev tom qab kev tawg ntawm hemoglobin thiab feem ntau siv los ntawm daim siab. Qhov ntsuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws: ntawm 0 txog 7 units.
• Glucose (GLU) tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav tom qab noj mov, siv nrog insulin. Yog tias tus txiav tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, lossis ib tus neeg noj cov khoom qab zib ntau dhau, ces cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv. Cov ntsuas ntawm 3.30 txog 5.30 mmol ib liter ntawm lub plab khoob yog suav tias yog ib txwm.
• ALT (ALT) yog ib qho enzyme uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb thiab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov amino acids. Qauv: 28-75 units.
• AST (AST) tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav thaum lub plawv puas, yog li nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib qho cim ntawm lub plawv.kab mob vascular. Kev nyeem ib txwm muaj li ntawm 12 txog 40.
• Cov roj (cholesterol) (GHOL) yog lipoproteins uas tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha, tab sis tuaj yeem txhaws tau yog tias tus neeg noj tsis raug. Qib qis yuav qhia tau tias qaug zog, thaum qib siab yuav qhia tau tias mob atherosclerosis lossis gout. Tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov ntsuas ntawm 2 txog 5 mmol / l.
• Amylase (AMYL) - qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem qhia tsis ncaj qha rau pancreatitis lossis ntshav qab zib. Tus nqi ntawm amylase hauv cov ntshav tso cai rau ntau tus lej: ntawm 800 txog 2090.
• Lipase (LIPA) koom nrog hauv kev zom zaub mov los ntawm kev hloov cov carbohydrates rau hauv lub zog los pub cov hlwb. Tus qauv yog qhov ntau ntawm 0 txog 83 units.

Norms for kids

Nrog cov ntsuas ntawm biochemistry ntawm cov neeg laus, txhua yam yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias tus me nyuam xeem dhau qhov kev xeem? Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ob zaug kom raug txhais cov lej. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry rau cov menyuam yaus tsis txawv ntau. Tom qab tag nrho, kev tsom xam suav nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li cov neeg laus. Tsuas yog lawv tus nqi txawv ntawm cov lej peb tau siv los. Cia peb tsom mus rau qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:

• Tus qauv ntawm tag nrho cov protein tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 50 txog 85 g / l. Tus menyuam loj dua, cov protein ntau tuaj yeem nyob hauv nws cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau nyob ntawm kev noj haus.
• qib qabzib yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5-6 mmol / l, thiab qhov no yog ntawm lub plab khoob. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
• Bilirubin siab dua 20 mmol ib liter yog qhov cim tseem ceeb ntawm daim siab ua haujlwm, uas koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau.
• Urea yog qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm. Yog tias nws qib qis dua 2, 4, lossis siab dua 7, muaj teeb meem hauv cheeb tsam ntawd.

Yog tias pom muaj qhov txawv txav tom qab pub ntshav rau biochemistry, cov kws kho mob tau xaj tshuaj ntxiv. Kev kuaj pom tus mob raws sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, yog li cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas biochemical tom qab txhua tus mob lossis txhua rau lub hlis yog tias tus menyuam tsis mob txaus.

YProteins

Ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thaum txiav txim siab ntshav biochemistry yog qib protein hauv lub cev. Nws tsis tsuas yog txhawb kev tiv thaiv tib neeg, tab sis tseem ceeb heev, xws li amino acids, yog tsim los ntawm nws. Tib neeg cov ntshav muaj 165 proteins, uas tau muab faib ua peb pawg loj:

• albumins;
• fibrogens;
• globulins.

Tag nrho cov qib protein hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam sib txawv. Tus nqi qis dua tuaj yeem qhia txog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, vim nws yog los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb tau txais cov amino acids rau peb cov hlwb. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas, txawm li cas los xij, ua kom muaj kev txwv tsis pub noj, yuav tsum tsis tu ncua pub ntshav biochemistry thiab saib xyuas cov qib protein. Kuj tseem muaj cov protein tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim thaum muaj mob tshwm sim. Albumin yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav plasma. Nws thauj cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, "xa" lawv los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau cov hlwb. Kev nce hauv albumin yuav qhia tau tias mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob raum.los yog ncuav qab zib. Lwm cov protein tseem ceeb yog ferritin. Nws tsim cov khw muag khoom hlau hauv lub cev. Nws yog kev soj ntsuam rau qib ntawm ferritin uas tau sau tseg yog tias lawv xav kom paub tseeb tias muaj ntshav qab zib, vim tias kev tshawb fawb txog tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin tsis tas yuav qhia tau. Cov tsos ntawm C-reactive protein nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Yog vim li cas rau nws nce tuaj yeem yog ntau yam kab mob: los ntawm meningitis mus rau oncology. Myoglobin raug kuaj hauv cov neeg mob plawv, vim tias cov protein no muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg plawv. Muaj ntau ntau lub npe, txhua yam ntawm cov tshuaj no ua lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev. Yog tias koj taug qab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, koj tuaj yeem twv seb tus neeg kis tus kab mob dab tsi.

YEnzymes

Enzymes, lossis enzymes - yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate lawv lub luag hauj lwm: lawv koom nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau yam, tig mus rau hauv microelements tsim nyog rau lub hlwb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog:

• amylase;
• lipase;
• ALT;
• AST.

Cov kws kho mob ib txwm mob siab rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry. Feem ntau, tus neeg laus yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov khoom, txwv tsis pub nws tuaj yeem qhia ncaj qha lossis ncaj qha qhia txog teeb meem nrog lub siab lossis txiav txiav. Amylase, piv txwv li, koom nrog hauv kev rhuav tshem glycogen rau cov piam thaj. Tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus lossis ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov enzyme no pib ua cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv lub cev lub khw muag khoom khaws cia glycogen. Lipase zom cov rog, nws cov ntshav nce ntxiv yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib, pancreatitis lossis cholecystitis. EnzymeALT nqa cov amino acid alanine thiab tsim los ntawm daim siab hlwb. Feem ntau, nws cov ntshav yuav tsum qis, thiab lawv qhov kev nce ntxiv tuaj yeem yog vim kev loj hlob, tshuaj noj, lossis kev ua kis las hnyav.

Pigments

Ntshav pigments yog sawv cev los ntawm bilirubin hauv ntau lub xeev. faib ncaj qha bilirubin, khi thiab unbound. Bilirubin nws tus kheej yog cov khoom daj-liab uas tsim hauv cov ntshav tom qab kev tawg ntawm hemoglobin. Direct bilirubin yog ib yam khoom uas nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb, unbound lub xeev nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Tom qab ntawd nws raug tso tawm los ntawm daim siab, qhov chaw uas nws txuas nrog glucuronic acid thiab hu ua "ua khi". Tag nrho hemoglobin yog cov lej ntawm ob qhov ntsuas, uas yog siv los kuaj xyuas qee yam kab mob. Ib qho kev txo qis hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntsuas qhia tau hais tias lub siab puas tsuaj vim yog kab mob siab, qaug cawv lossis raug mob. Tab sis qhov kev nce no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cholelithiasis lossis qog nqaij hlav pancreatic.

Sugar

Thaum deciphering ntshav biochemistry hauv cov neeg laus, cov kws kho mob ib txwm saib xyuas cov ntshav qab zib. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate, vim hais tias nws yog los ntawm nws tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj insulin raug txiav txim. Yog tias pancreas tsis tiv nrog nws txoj haujlwm tag nrho, ces cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tau pom zoo dua li qub. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob tau sau cov zaub mov tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txawv me me lossis kev kho tshuaj yog tias tus neeg mob muaj mob ntshav qab zib. Cov ntshav qabzib tsawg yog hu uahypoglycemia thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus lossis kev tawm dag zog lub cev hnyav. Yog tias koj tsis pub ib tus neeg hauv lub sijhawm, ces lub xeev fainting yuav tshwm sim, thiab qee zaus, tsis nco qab. Hypoglycemia kuj tseem qhia tau lwm yam kab mob:

• daim siab pathologies;
• enteritis;
• meningitis lossis encephalitis;
• nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm insulin ntau dhau.

Cholesterol Nyob

Cov rog tsis noj qab haus huv yog suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov kab mob plawv. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob xyuas kom meej tias cov roj cholesterol yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov ntshav biochemistry hauv cov neeg laus. Lipids ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlwb tshiab, cov kua tsib thiab cov tshuaj hormones, nrog rau kev tsim cov vitamin D, uas tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem nyob. Cov rog tuaj yeem muab faib ua "zoo" cov rog, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev, thiab "tsis zoo" cov rog, xws li cov roj (cholesterol). Hauv cov ntshav, lipids tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau lub tebchaw, qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog lipoproteins tsawg ntom ntom, vim lawv feem ntau muaj cov roj cholesterol. High thiab medium ntom lipoproteins muaj xws li cov protein, phospholipids thiab triglycerides. Nyob ntawm seb hom roj twg muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav ntau dua, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb tus kab mob twg nyob hauv lub cev. Piv txwv li, yog tias triglycerides nce siab hauv cov ntshav, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias mob siab, mob pancreatitis, lossis kab mob plawv. Kev txo qis hauv cov rog no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj kab mob pulmonary rov tshwm sim, kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus. nceCov qib roj cholesterol kuj tsis yog qhov qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv. Ntshav siab, haus dej cawv, mob pancreatitis, ntshav qab zib lossis cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau tshaj li lipid.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom noj uas tus neeg tau txais. Kev kuaj ntshav tso siab tau qhia txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab hom rog tsuas yog tias tus neeg tsis noj cov zaub mov rog hnub ua ntej thiab ua raws li cov kev cai rau kev npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Yuav ua li cas lwm yam xwm txheej yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntshav biochemistry kom raug raws li qhov ua tau?

Yuav ua li cas npaj kom zoo rau kev xeem

Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab zam cov nuj nqis uas tsis tsim nyog vim rov sim dua, ntau txoj cai yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis:

1. Koj tuaj yeem pub ntshav biochemistry tsuas yog ntawm lub plab khoob xwb. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum noj zaub mov hauv lub cev, qib qab zib, lipids, thiab qib hormonal hloov pauv, yog li kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, cov kws kho mob qhia kom mus rau chav kuaj thaum sawv ntxov, tsawg kawg tom qab 8 teev yoo mov.
2. Hnub ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov yooj yim: tsis txhob noj cov khoom qab zib, qab zib thiab rog, thiab nws zoo dua kom tsis txhob haus cawv 2-3 hnub ua ntej.
3. Cov txheej txheem kub ua ntej kev kho mob yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Da dej, sauna, ua kom lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev thiab cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry.
4. Ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam, nws raug nquahu kom haus ib khob dej sov kom nws yooj yim dua los ntshav. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob noj tshuaj yej lossis kas fes, txawm tias tsis muaj suab thaj.
5. Kev haus luam yeeb kuj zoo dua kom tso tseg tsawg kawg ib teev ua ntej kev tswj hwm.
6. Yog koj noj tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj hormonal lossis lwm yam tshuaj, koj yuav tsum qhia koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej pub ntshav.
7. Tsis tas yuav muaj kev zoo siab heev ua ntej qhov txheej txheem yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws zam. Kev ua pa ua pa thiab kev xav yuav pab daws kev ntxhov siab.

Cov Lus Qhia Tus Kheej

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, kev sim muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw: txhua tus tuaj yeem pub ntshav txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab tau txais cov txiaj ntsig sai li sai tau. Hauv qhov no, cov chaw soj ntsuam them nyiaj niaj hnub txawm pib muab cov kev sim nrog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis cov kws kho mob tseem tsis qhia txog kev txhais lus ntawm lawv tus kheej, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no tsis yog tsuas yog tus lej tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog tag nrho cov duab. Ib tus kws kho mob kuaj mob lossis tus kws kho mob, saib cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav biochemistry, tuaj yeem hais meej meej seb koj puas muaj kab mob lossis tsis yog. Tab sis nws tsis pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas tus kheej ntawm koj tus kheej thiab ntau dua yog li nrhiav kev kho mob, vim tias koj qhov kev kwv yees tej zaum yuav yuam kev.