Cov ntawv me me nrog rau tus neeg thaum yug. Thawj lub rooj sib tham nrog lawv yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv me nyuam mos, thaum leej niam smears lub ilv ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus me nyuam nrog cream. Txij ntawm no mus, peb dhau los ua qhov sib cais tsis tau nrog ntau hom tshuaj pleev, gels thiab pastes.
Cov ntaub ntawv mos, qhov kev faib tawm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yuav nthuav tawm hauv qab no, yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob dermatology, ophthalmology, phais, gynecology thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Lawv nrov heev ntawm cov kws kho mob ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb vim lawv qhov yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov, yooj yim ntawm kev npaj thiab lub neej txee ntev. Kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce kuj tsis zoo sawv cev yam tsis muaj txhua hom tshuaj pleev thiab tshuaj pleev.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pib ib zaj dab neeg txog cov ntaub ntawv mos mos nrog cov tshuaj pleev, vim tias lub koom haum no yog thawj qhov uas los rau hauv siab rau cov pej xeem nruab nrab. Cov tshuaj pleev yog cov tshuaj siv rau kev siv sab nraud uas muaj tsawg tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov khoom qhuav ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj. Lawv tau txais los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuaj tshuaj nrog cov hauv paus uas muaj cov yam ntxwvsib xws.
Cov ntaub ntawv me me raws li cov tshuaj pleev niaj hnub (vaseline, lanolin, lard, wax, paraffin oils, thiab lwm yam) yog tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm kev lag luam thiab hauv daim ntawv, cov zaub mov txawv. Thaum xaiv ib lub hauv paus, qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov nyhuv kho kom ua tiav, nrog rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov tshuaj yaj yeeb raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog li, piv txwv li, roj av jelly tsuas yog npog ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab lanolin kuj tau nqus rau hauv nws.
Txij li cov tshuaj pleev yog siv los kho cov kab mob dermatological, hauv lawv cov chaw tsim khoom lawv tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv zos. Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau cov tshuaj muaj npe hauv daim ntawv luv lossis nthuav dav. Daim ntawv luv luv yog siv rau cov tshuaj tiav, nrog rau thaum cov tshuaj pleev tsuas muaj ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kneaded nrog vaseline.
Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom xav txog cov tshuaj mos mos uas tsis muaj cream. Lub qab zib yog ib qho kev sib cais uas muaj ob lossis ntau yam khoom. Xws li cov txheej txheem, raws li qhov tsim nyog cov yam ntxwv thermal, khaws cov yam ntxwv - tsawg dua cov kua nplaum - sib xws. Roj hauv dej emulsion tuaj yeem muaj txog li 90% dej thiab tsim los ua kom cov tawv nqaij moisturize. Yog hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg "dej nyob rau hauv cov roj" yog siv, ces lub Cheebtsam yog npaum li cas nyob rau hauv kwv yees li sib npaug proportions. Xws li ib tug cream yog tsim nyog rau soften thiab nourish ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tej zaum muaj cov rog, waxes, roj ntxhia, silicones, cawv thiab lwm yam khoom. Cream ua mixxaiv raws li nws lub hom phiaj. Nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov ua kom sov lossis, qhov sib txawv, ua kom txias, txo qhov mob lossis txhawb kev kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov ntawv sau luv luv yog siv los sau cov tshuaj nplaum, thaum lub hauv paus thiab cov dej tsis tau qhia, tawm lo lus nug no rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws muag tshuaj. Gel yog daim ntawv siv tshuaj mos uas tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog sab nraud, tab sis kuj subcutaneously thiab txawm tias qhov ncauj. Nws muaj qhov sib xws zoo li jelly thiab feem ntau tsis muaj xim lossis meej. Tam sim no, qhov no yog daim ntawv tshaj tawm thiab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso tawm tshuaj. Qhov txawv ntawm hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic gels. Lawv tau txais los ntawm kev sib xyaw dej, cov hmoov polymer (feem ntau yog cov kua qaub) thiab cov khoom nruab nrab (soda, ammonia, carbonate, thiab lwm yam). Tom qab sib tov meej, qhov sib tov thickens thiab tau txais ib gel. Lub viscosity ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim yog ntsuas hauv poise lossis centipoise. Qhov ntau thiab muaj koob meej ntawm cov gels tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv nyob ze rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv rau hydrogen Performance index ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lawv ceev thiab yooj yim los npaj, lawv sib npaug sib npaug thiab tsis txhaws qhov pores. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag txhua yam tshuaj muaj peev xwm ntxiv rau gel. Muab tshuaj txhuam yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom tshuaj pleev, uas muaj ntau cov hmoov hmoov (kwv yees li 65%) nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab, raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub thicker sib xws. Li noCov cuab yeej, nws nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntev thiab nqus cov kua ntau dhau, uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tau txais cov nyhuv tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, cov khoom nruab nrab xws li zinc hmoov, talc lossis hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau ntxiv rau qhov muab tshuaj txhuam kom ua tiav qhov xav tau sib xws. Daim ntawv qhia rau pasta tsuas yog sau rau hauv daim ntawv nthuav dav. Ib qho kev zam tsuas yog ua rau cov tshuaj npaj tau ntawm lub Hoobkas tsim. Raws li txoj cai, tom qab qhia cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb thiab lub hauv paus ntawm txoj cai proportions, lawv sau: "Mix los ua ib qho muab tshuaj txhuam." Cov ntawv pastes raug sau nrog lub npe lag luam. Thaum sau cov ntawv muag tshuaj hauv chaw muag tshuaj, peb kuj txhais tau tias cov tshuaj pleev ua kua los yog liniments. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov kua qaub los yog jelly zoo li yaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 37 degrees, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau muab rub rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw puas. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev, gels lossis pastes uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo. Liniments muaj lub neej luv luv, yog li lawv feem ntau tau npaj ncaj qha ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Rau kev ua noj, siv lub hauv paus ua kua (sunflower, txiv ntseej, linseed lossis roj vaseline). Tom qab qhia tag nrho cov khoom xyaw thiab lawv cov proportions, daim ntawv qhia yuav tsum qhia: "Mix ua liniment." Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb, txij li cov tshuaj pleev, muab tshuaj txhuam thiab liniment yuav muaj tib yam muaj pes tsawg leeg. Softntau npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chaw muag tshuaj ntau lawm kuj sawv cev los ntawm tswm ciab. Lawv, zoo li liniments, yaj ntawm lub cev kub, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, lawv muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov khoom zoo. Cocoa butter los yog alloys ntawm paraffin thiab lwm yam inert tshuaj yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau hom tshuaj no. Sib txawv ntawm qhov quav thiab qhov chaw mos suppositories. Tus qub, raws li txoj cai, muaj cov mos txwv zoo li lub khob hliav qab lossis lub khob hliav qab thiab hnyav txog li peb grams. Qhov chaw mos suppositories tuaj yeem ua cov pob, ellipses lossis muaj cov duab tiaj tus (pessaries). Lawv kuj hnyav peb mus rau plaub grams. Rectal suppositories yog siv ob qho tib si rau kev kho mob ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv zos hauv qhov quav, thiab rau kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev, vim tias cov ntshav zoo mus rau ntu ntawm lub plab zom mov tso cai rau cov tshuaj sai sai ntawm cov mucosa thiab muaj cov nyhuv systemic. Thaum sau tshuaj suppositories uas yooj yim hauv kev sib xyaw, cov tshuaj nquag thiab nws qhov ntau yog qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sau tshuaj suppositories nrog ib tug complex muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsuas yog lub lag luam lub npe thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj yog sau. Yog tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus lossis tus kws kho mob gerontologist yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj rau hauv daim ntawv me me rau tus neeg mob, daim ntawv tshuaj pib nrog lo lus: "capsules". Lub plhaub nyob rau hauv xws li tshuaj muaj edible gelatin. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj nquag mus txog qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov tsis raug mob. Piv txwv li, tsis yog txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab zoo, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam thiab tib lub sijhawm khaws cov khoom tsim nyog. poTxoj kev siv cov tshuaj ntsiav yog: Lawv tuaj yeem muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv: hmoov, granules, capsules, pellets, ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj pleev lossis txawm tias muaj kab mob nyob. Patches kaw cov npe ntawm cov ntawv muag tshuaj. Daim ntawv qhia thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv yog yooj yim heev. Cov thaj ua rau thaj yog txuas rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv zos lossis dav rau lub cev. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 degrees, cov tshuaj no yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm roj hmab, roj, roj, antioxidants thiab cov khoom xyaw nquag. Qee lub plasters tsis nqa cov khoom kho mob, tab sis yog siv los kho cov npoo ntawm qhov txhab, zawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv qee qhov kev taw qhia (hauv kev puas tsuaj, cosmetology, dermatology) lossis tuav cov khaub ncaws thiab ntaub qhwv hauv qhov chaw. Vim tias feem ntau thaj chaw kho mob muaj cov npe raug cai thiab raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, daim ntawv luv yog siv thaum muab tshuaj, qhia tsuas yog lub npe lag luam thiab loj. Tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes yog qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv kev sib xyaw. Cov tom kawg yog tau tom qab cua sov alkali thiab rog, thaum glycerol thiab lwm yam fatty acids raug tso tawm los ntawm cov rog. Caustic sodium los yog potassium yog siv los catalyze cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum ntxiv dej, cov xab npum pib ua npuas dej thiab ua kom tawv nqaij ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj sedatives los yog tshuaj tua kab mob, ntxiv rau cov nyhuv tseem ceeb, nws tshem tawmo, ua pob khaus los yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Official xab npum yog cov hmoov dawb uas tsis muaj ntxhiab uas tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej lossis cawv. Kuj tseem muaj "dawb xab npum ntsuab" - cov xim av daj lossis xim ntsuab nrog cov ntxhiab tsw.
Gels
paste
Limments
Suppositories
YGelatin capsules
Patches
