Hauv khw muag tshuaj, peb pom ntau txhiab tus tshuaj sib txawv txhua hnub. Cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj tsuag, syrups, suspensions… Qhov ntau yam no tsuas yog ua rau kuv lub taub hau tig. Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua: cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv los yog kua? Dab tsi yog qhov peculiarity ntawm cov tshuaj hauv vials? Cia wb mus saib seb dab tsi yog zais hauv cov kua dej tsis meej no.
cov tshuaj no yog dab tsi?
Cov ntawv ua kua dej muaj ntau yam kev siv. Feem ntau lawv tau siv los ua kev kho mob sab hauv, tsawg dua - sab nraud. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv lub khob ntim tshwj xeeb.
Lawv kho mob khaub thuas thiab qhov muag kab mob, hnoos thiab mob plab hnyuv, thiab qee cov kua tshuaj tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev phais mob.
Yuav ua li cas?
Yuav kom tus neeg siv kom paub meej qhov txawv ntawm ib hom tshuaj hauv ib lub vial los ntawm lwm tus, muaj kev faib tawm cov ntaub ntawv ua kua. Raws li nws, tag nrho cov nyiaj no tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
- khoom noj;
- extracts;
- syrups;
- kev daws;
- decoctions thiab infusions;
- poob;
- emulsions;
- baths;
- tinctures;
- siv.
Txhua hom muaj kev siv tshwj xeeb. Cia wb mus saib ze dua ntawm cov kua dej no.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
daim ntawv tshuaj no yog hmoov los yog kua. Lawv feem ntau yog yaj hauv dej. Cov tshuaj ua kua muaj xws li kev daws cov ntsev, cov extracts, syrups thiab cov dej qab zib. Cov ntaub ntawv ua kua dej no yog tsim los ntawm tus neeg xav tau los ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv khw muag tshuaj. Lawv khaws cia tsis pub dhau tsib hnub.
Cov tshuaj qhuav qhuav yog muag ua hmoov, uas yog coj mus rau qhov xav tau ntim nrog dej hauv tsev. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia raws li cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo: hauv lub tub yees lossis hauv chav tsev kub.
Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv qab no yog siv: ua ntej, cov tshuaj uas yaj yooj yim tshaj plaws yog rubbed. Tom qab ntawd pib qhia ua ntej homogenized tsis zoo soluble Cheebtsam. Cov ntaub ntawv cog yog thawj zaug hauv av rau hauv cov hmoov nrog dej ntxiv.
Yog tias nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov cawv cawv rau hauv cov tshuaj aqueous hauv qhov sib tov, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov no hauv me me kom tiv thaiv nag lossis daus.
Extracts
Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov khoom no yog tias cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ua kua yog txo kom rho tawm cov khoom siv tau los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj thiab tom qab.nws concentration. Extracts muab faib ua peb hom:
- kua dispensed by ntim;
- qhuav (lawv xoob, qhov feem ntawm cov dej tsis ntau tshaj 5%), feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj;
- thick (viscous hauv qhov sib xws, qhov feem ntawm cov dej tsis ntau tshaj 25%).
Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem siv rau sab hauv lossis sab nraud. Lawv khaws cia txog li tsib xyoos nyob rau hauv ib lub pob nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias yam tsis muaj kev nkag tau mus rau lub teeb, thaum lub sij hawm uas yuav los nag los. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau co cov extract ua ntej siv.
Syrups
Kev npaj cov tshuaj ua kua hauv daim ntawv syrups yog txo kom cov thickening ntawm sucrose daws. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb, lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog cov extracts thiab flavorings. Los ntawm lawv qhov sib xws, syrups yog tuab, pob tshab thiab muaj qhov saj thiab tsw ntxhiab ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv no tau noj hauv qhov ncauj thiab nrov heev hauv kev kho menyuam yaus rau "qab zib" cov tshuaj me nyuam. Feem ntau, cov kev kho mob ntawm kev noj syrup yog superior rau cov ntsiav tshuaj. Khaws lawv rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog lub hau nruj nreem kaw rau hauv qhov chaw txias, tsaus. Pharmacy syrup muaj lub txee lub neej tsawg kawg yog ob xyoos.
Kev daws
Daim ntawv tshuaj no yog pob tshab thiab tsis muaj menyuam. Kev taw qhia txog kev daws teeb meem yog txuam nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug syringe raj, ampoules los yog vial (ua los ntawm iav los yog polyethylene). Yog hais tias qhov ntim ntawm cov tshuaj ntau tshaj 100 ml, nws yog hu ua "infusion". Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog muab rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawmdroppers. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov kev daws teeb meem rau hemodynamics, kho qhov sib npaug ntawm dej thiab ntsev, detoxification, parenteral khoom noj khoom haus. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm multifunctional. Muaj qee txoj cai: yog tias nws yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous lossis intramuscular, ces ob qho tib si kev daws teeb meem thiab kev ncua ntawm hom pob tshab tuaj yeem siv tau. Tsuas yog cov tshuaj pob tshab homogeneous nkaus xwb thiaj raug tso cai muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm diluting ib qho kua, khoom lossis gaseous Cheebtsam hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Cov cuab yeej no yuav tsum yog pob tshab thiab homogeneous, lub xub ntiag ntawm flakes, nag lossis daus, ncua kev kawm tsis tau. Txhawm rau lim cov tshuaj, cov ntawv tshwj xeeb lossis cov lim dej yog siv, muab tais rau hauv lub khob funnel ntawm ib qho chaw muag khoom.
Feem ntau cov dej yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj yog npaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj, ces nws yuav tsum tsis muaj menyuam, yog hais tias siv sab nraud yog npaj, ces boiled kuj haum. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj tsis yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, ces ethyl cawv los yog ether los yog roj (rau kev txhaj tshuaj - castor, sunflower, externally - ntses roj) yuav siv tau raws li ib tug hnyav. Yog li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem lawv tus kheej tau muab faib ua cawv, dej, roj lossis ether.
Tseem muaj cov kev daws teeb meem rau sab nraud (ntawm qhov txhab, mucous daim nyias nyias, tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam) thiab siv sab hauv. Lawv yog homogeneous thiab pob tshab. Cov nyiaj no yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub raj mis nrog ib tug stopper nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dropper, uas kaw nrog ib tug ntsia hlau.
Cov tshuaj muab khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees lossis hauv chav sov. Qhov no feem ntau tau piav qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau cov tshuaj.
YDecoctions thiab infusions
Cov ntaub ntawv noj tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj aqueous los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj los yog cov tshuaj qhuav los yog kua extract. Feem ntau lawv siv sab hauv. Kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ua kua hauv daim ntawv ntawm decoction lossis tincture feem ntau yog nqa tawm hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1:10, uas yog, 10 g ntawm cov khoom tau txais los ntawm 1 g ntawm cov khoom cog. Ua tsaug rau qhov nqus dej coefficient, dej yuav tsum tau noj me ntsis ntxiv. Yog hais tias ib qho infusion yog npaj los ntawm valerian los yog adonis, qhov kev faib ua feem yog 1:30. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug muaj zog tivthaiv, ib tug ratio ntawm 1:400 yog siv.
Yog siv cov concentrate, ces nws yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntawm cov khoom raws li daim ntawv qhia.
thev naus laus zis rau kev ua kom infusion thiab decoction yog raws li hauv qab no:
- tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv crushed daim ntawv yog nchuav nrog dej ntawm chav tsev kub;
- cov sib tov yog insisted rau hauv ib da dej nrog tas li stirring rau 15 (rau infusion) los yog 30 feeb (rau decoction);
- txias rau chav sov;
- filter;
- ntxiv dej rau ntim qhov xav tau.
Decoctions ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj tannins (oak, lingonberry, bearberry, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau lim kub, thiab los ntawm quav nyab nplooj - tsuas yog thaum lawv txias tag. Infusions yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv lub tub yees tsis pub dhau ob hnub thiab co co ua ntej siv.
Nyob
Nyob hauv nqe lus nohais txog cov kev daws teeb meem, emulsions los yog ncua kev kawm ntawv uas yuav tsum tau txhaj rau hauv tee. Lawv muaj nyob rau sab hauv ("Nitroglycerin") lossis sab nraud (qhov ntswg, qhov muag, pob ntseg) siv.
Ntawm lub raj mis, cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau nruab ib lub tshuab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub dropper, uas tso cai rau koj ntsuas cov tshuaj kom raug. Cov tom kawg yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias kom deb ntawm qhov kaj.
emulsions
Cov kev npaj no yog ob lub kua dej tsis sib haum, ib qho yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig (cov tshuaj tsw qab lossis roj), thiab lwm yam yog dej. Cov tsos ntawm emulsion yog homogeneous thiab opaque. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ntawm qhov ncauj, pleev xim lossis parenterally. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv ua kua dej no (uas cov zaub mov uas txhua tus kws muag tshuaj paub) tau ua hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj, tom qab ntawd lawv lub txee lub neej hauv lub tub yees yog ob peb hnub. Kev lag luam analogues khaws lawv cov khoom tsis hloov mus txog 1.5 xyoo.
Baths
Raws li cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv nrog cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau npe da dej nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb aqueous. Lawv muaj cov nyhuv qhia rau lub cev: so, ntxiv dag zog, suab nrov lossis tua cov kab mob. Rau cov txheej txheem, extracts ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag los yog mineral Cheebtsam yuav siv tau. Cov da dej nrov tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm cov koob ntoo thuv, lavender, nrog rau cov pa oxygen lossis thermal da dej.
Tinctures
Feem ntau siv rau kev kho mob thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua kua dej no. Lawv cov yam ntxwv yog raws li nram no: lawv tuaj yeem dyed thiabmuaj tus yam ntxwv aroma. Lub tincture yog tsim los ntawm cawv extraction ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau sab nraud lossis sab hauv, diluted nrog dej los yog poob rau qab zib. Lawv lub txee lub neej ntev dua li ntawm infusions thiab decoctions.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub raj mis ntawm tincture yuav tsum tau kaw kom nruj thiab khaws cia hauv lub tub yees kom tsis txhob muaj teeb pom kev zoo. Cov dej nag yuav tshwm sim thaum khaws cia, yog li co ua ntej siv.
Txhob Cia Siab
Kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ua kua hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ncua yog txo rau kev faib cov hmoov hauv cov kua nruab nrab (roj, dej, glycerin, thiab lwm yam). Lawv tuaj yeem noj hauv qhov ncauj, tshuaj pleev, parenterally lossis intramuscularly. Caw qhov ncua sij hawm rau 1 lossis 2 feeb tam sim ua ntej siv. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv lub tub yees yam tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo. Kev tshem tawm khov yog suav tias tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.
Kev xaiv cov tshuaj ua kua yog qhov zoo heev. Qee zaum daim ntawv tshuaj no yog ib qho kev ntsuas tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, cov menyuam yaus muaj peev xwm haus dej qab zib ntau dua li cov tshuaj phem. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug tshawb fawb pov thawj tias daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm zoo dua li nws cov khoom sib tw. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kho cov tshuaj ua kua yog ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, cov lus qhia, khaws cia kom raug thiab tsis txhob siv tom qab hnub tas sij hawm. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab sim tshuaj ntsuab infusions, decoctions, tinctures lossis extracts,xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tsis muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg. Rau cov menyuam yaus ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob dermatitis, cov tuam txhab tsim cov tshuaj tsis muaj suab thaj thiab emulsions, yog li cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum xaiv cov tshuaj no xwb. Noj qab nyob zoo!
