Leukemias: hom, kev faib tawm, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Leukemias: hom, kev faib tawm, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho mob
Leukemias: hom, kev faib tawm, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho mob

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Video: Leukemias: hom, kev faib tawm, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho mob
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Anonim

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav txiav txim siab qhov kev faib tawm, cov ntawv thiab hom leukemia.

Leukemia (leukemia, leukemia) yog ib qho kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic. Lub npe no sib sau ua ke tag nrho pawg ntawm pathologies. Kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no yog vim kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb uas nyob hauv cov pob txha pob txha thiab ua lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis. Muaj ntau hom kab mob leukemia, thiab ntawm lwm cov kab mob oncological, cov kab mob no tsis yog ntau tshaj. Feem ntau cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog peb txog plaub xyoos, nrog rau cov neeg laus (60-70 xyoo).

Hom kab mob leukemia muaj cov ncauj lus hauv qab no.

hom mob leukemia
hom mob leukemia

Etymology thiab pathogenesis

Tam sim no, cov tshuaj tsis paub meej qhov ua rau mob leukemia. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov yam ntxwv uas suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tus kab mob no:

  1. Txiv neej. Nws feem ntau lees paub tias muaj cov kab mob leukemia hauv cov ntshavib tug txheeb ze los ntawm 3-4 lub sij hawm nce qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho pathology nyob rau tiam tom ntej. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm caj ces ua rau tshwm sim ntawm leukemia hauv menyuam yaus.
  2. Carcinogenic, tshuaj. Qhov xwm txheej no suav nrog kev siv qee yam tshuaj uas npaj rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob pathological. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob penicillin. Qhov tseem ceeb no kuj suav nrog kev sib cuag ntev thiab ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam xim polymer, kua roj vanish, detergents.
  3. kab mob kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob los ntawm tus neeg mob thaum nws lub neej. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias tus kab mob uas nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev cuam tshuam nrog cov hlwb noj qab haus huv thiab yog li ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov pathological degeneration thiab irreversible mutation. Qhov no suav hais tias yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant.
  4. Radiation. Thaum raug hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob no nce ntxiv.
hom kab mob leukemia hauv cov neeg laus
hom kab mob leukemia hauv cov neeg laus

Stages

Txawm hais tias hom kab mob leukemia, txhua tus ntawm lawv mus dhau cov theem hauv qab no hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob:

  1. pib theem. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm txhua yam, cov qog degeneration ntawm hematopoietic qia hlwb pib. Qhov no yog vim kev puas tsuaj rau prooncogenes uas tig mus rau hauv oncogenes, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj rau antioncogenes.
  2. Promotion theem. Kev loj hlob tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha pob txha pib. Parallelleukemic clones yog tsim. Cov theem no tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb xyoos, thiab nws tsis raug kuaj pom.
  3. Kev nce qib. Cov qog monoclonal pib tig mus rau hauv ib qho polyclonal.
  4. Metastasis theem. Nyob rau theem no, pathological hematopoiesis tawm ntawm pob txha pob txha. Nws kis mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev (lub siab, lymph nodes). Cov txheej txheem no yog vim kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hlwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev nce ntxiv, lawv txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm raug pom.

Type of leukemia

Thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho pathology, qee yam ntawm cov qe ntshav tau hloov mus rau hauv cov kab mob phem. Hauv qhov no, muaj kev faib tawm ntawm leukemia raws li hom kab mob.

Raws li qhov no, muaj ob hom kab mob leukemia: lymphocytic leukemia thiab myeloid leukemia. Txhua tus ntawm lawv, dhau los, tuaj yeem mob hnyav lossis mob ntev.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev faib mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv mob ntev lossis mob hnyav tsis yog raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev faib tawm yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias ob daim ntawv no tsis sib cuam tshuam thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntws mus rau ib leeg. Tsuas yog qee qhov mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav los ntawm kev mob hnyav.

Hom, ua rau thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob leukemia yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, lub sij hawm latent thiab lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsos mob qhia txawv. Thawj lub sij hawm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb, tab sis lawv tus lej tsis nyob rau theem tseem ceeb. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm latent yog los ntawm ob peb lub hlis mus rauntau xyoo. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hematopoietic system vim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qog hlwb.

leukemia faib cov ntaub ntawv thiab hom leukemia
leukemia faib cov ntaub ntawv thiab hom leukemia

Syndromes

Txhua qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm leukemia tau muab faib ua 4 pawg ntawm cov tsos mob:

  1. Hyperplastic syndromes. Cov tsos mob ntawm hyperplastic syndromes yog qhov loj thiab mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov loj ntawm tus po thiab daim siab, qhov tsos ntawm qhov mob thiab mob hauv pob qij txha, qhov tsos ntawm reddish-bluish plaques ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov txhab ntawm qhov ncauj mucosa, tonsils., kev loj hlob ntawm necrotic stomatitis, pos hniav hyperplasia. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm leukemic infiltration ntawm tus po, daim siab, articular capsule thiab periosteum, nrog rau cov qog nce hauv pob txha pob txha ntim.
  2. Hemorrhagic syndromes. Manifested los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm los ntshav thiab hemorrhage (gingival, qhov ntswg, sab hauv). Feem ntau ua rau tsis muaj qhov bruises tshwm sim, txawm tias qhov raug mob me tuaj yeem ua rau yuav luag los ntshav tsis tuaj yeem, qhov txhab kho tau ntev. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav txhaws tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau platelets.
  3. Anemic syndromes. Muaj qhov poob phaus, nce lub plawv dhia, cov plaub hau poob, kev ua tsis taus pa, tawv nqaij daj ntseg, nco tsis tau thiab tsis nco qab. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv hemoglobin, vim tias tsis muaj cov qe ntshav liab txaus hauv cov ntshav.
  4. Immunodeficiency thiab intoxication syndromes. Qhia tawmlawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev qaug zog, kub taub hau, tawm hws ntau dhau, mob taub hau, xeev siab thiab ntuav, tsis qab los noj mov, poob ceeb thawj, kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab inflammatory txheej txheem uas nyuaj heev.

Txhua hom leukemia muaj nws cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb. Lawv kuj txawv nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm pathology.

Yog li hom kab mob leukemia yog dab tsi?

mob qog ntshav qog ntshav qog ntshav

hom kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus thiab tib neeg thaum yau.

Tus kab mob yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev nce nrawm ntawm cov blasts - cov hlwb tsis paub qab hau, precursors ntawm lymphocytes. Lawv sib sau ua ke hauv cov qog ntshav, spleen, tsim kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav ib txwm muaj.

Cov neeg mob feem ntau yws yws ntawm qaug zog, mob sib koom ua ke. Qee tus ntawm lawv pom qhov nce hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, inguinal thiab axillary lymph nodes. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, cov lus qhia ntawm tus kab mob pib pom.

Hom kab mob leukemia no yuav raug xav yog tias muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  1. mob caj pas.
  2. Anemia, uas cov leukocytes hauv cov ntshav nce siab, thaum cov platelets txo qis.
  3. Pob txha loj.
  4. Qhov kub nce. Nws tuaj yeem nce siab me ntsis lossis siab tsis tu ncua.
  5. Nco cov pos hniav los ntshav, ntshav ntswg ntau, nyiam ua pob khaus los ntawm kev raug mob me.
  6. Kev swb ntawm tav, clavicles thiab pob txha pob txhainfiltrate.
Cov tsos mob ntawm leukemia leukemia
Cov tsos mob ntawm leukemia leukemia

Hom no - mob lymphoblastic leukemia - feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov menyuam hnub nyoog 3-6 xyoo. Cov tsos mob yog raws li nram no:

  1. Tus po thiab daim siab loj, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus menyuam lub plab nce siab.
  2. Lymph nodes nce. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub thoracic yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos ntawm ua tsis taus pa thiab hnoos qhuav heev.
  3. hom kab mob leukemia hauv cov menyuam yaus ua rau mob plab thiab ob txhais ceg.
  4. Tus menyuam muaj tawv nqaij daj, nkees sai.
  5. Thaum kis tus kab mob ARVI, pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
  6. Tus me nyuam feem ntau ntog, poob nyiaj.

Yuav ua li cas lwm hom mob leukemia muaj?

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

hom leukemia no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom paub txog nws, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tswj tsis tau kev loj hlob thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov hlwb uas muaj cov xwm txheej hematopoietic. Localized mob myeloid leukemia nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha thiab peripheral ntshav.

Hom leukemia no tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob qhia pom qhov mob ntawm pob txha, kub taub hau, qaug zog, pallor thiab cyanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua tsis taus pa thiab tsis qab los noj mov.

Txo cov ntshav platelet ua rau cov ntshav poob ntau dhau thaum raug mob lossis raug mob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov txo qis hauv qib ntawm cov leukocytes tag nrho, kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog suppressed, kis kab mob tshwm sim ntau zaus, cov neeg mob hnyav zuj zus thiab.ua resistant rau kev kho. Nyob rau hauv mob myeloid leukemia, o ntawm cov pos hniav yuav tshwm sim, thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub plab thiab lub qhov ncauj tsis raug cais tawm.

Cia peb xav txog hom kab mob leukemia hauv cov neeg laus.

mob qog ntshav qog ntshav qog ntshav

Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo. Muaj kev kawm ntev. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov qog lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav peripheral, spleen, siab, lymph nodes, pob txha pob txha.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob lymphoblastic leukemia yog qhov kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm cov qog. Tsuas yog nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm tus kab mob yog cov kab mob hematopoietic pom.

thawj thiab cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob lymphoblastic leukemia ntev yog qhov loj ntawm tus po thiab cov qog ntshav. Tus neeg mob hnov mob hauv hypochondrium ntawm sab laug. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob no nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm lwm yam mob leukemia, tab sis lawv loj hlob nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev.

Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg mob tau tshawb pom los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav kuaj kom pom lwm tus mob. Kev tsom xam pom tau tias muaj ntau cov lymphocytes (txog 95%). Muaj qhov txo qis ntawm erythrocytes thiab, vim li ntawd, hemoglobin. Cov kev mob ntev ntawm hom leukemia hauv cov neeg laus tuaj yeem kav 3-7 xyoo.

ntshav kuaj
ntshav kuaj

mob myeloid leukemia

hom kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim. Feem ntau nws cuam tshuam rau cov neeg laus. Cov kws kho mob ntseeg hais tias lub predisposition rau no pathologyvim yog los ntawm noob neej thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog rau qhov tsis xws luag hauv chromosomes.

Cov theem pib ntawm tus kab mob tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, lawv yuav luag tsis pom thaum kuaj pom. Leukemia tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum kuaj ntshav kuaj. Nws kuaj pom qhov tsis paub meej ntawm cov leukocytes, nce ntawm cov eosinophils thiab basophils nrog ntau qib ntawm kev loj hlob. Tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm anemia.

Hom kab mob qog ntshav ntau tshaj plaws yog mob ntev, uas tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb xyoos. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias hom kab mob leukemia no tswj tau zoo nrog tshuaj.

Nyob rau theem no, tus kab mob pib tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kub taub hau, qaug zog, poob phaus, mob nyob rau hauv sab laug hypochondrium tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv tus po, qhov loj ntawm tus po. lub siab.

pob txha pob txha nyob rau theem no muaj kwv yees li 5% ntawm blasts. Heev feem ntau nyob rau lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug xav tias ntawm muaj mob myeloid leukemia. Kev kho mob suav nrog kev siv tshuaj khomob, uas ua rau lub sijhawm tshem tawm. Raws li txoj kev kho mob, lub xeev ntawm kev zam txim tuaj yeem kav ntev dua 5 xyoos.

Peb txuas ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cytomorphological ntawm ntau hom leukemia.

cytomorphological yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom leukemia
cytomorphological yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom leukemia

Hairy cell lymphocytic thiab menyuam yaus myelomonocytic leukemia

Cov kab mob leukemia no tau pom nyob hauv ntau pawg hnub nyoog.

Ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm leukemia yog menyuam yaus myelomonocytic. Qhov notus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm ob mus rau plaub xyoos. Hom leukemia no yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov tub hluas. Cov kws kho mob ntseeg hais tias yog vim li cas rau nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv heredity.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus myelomonocytic leukemia yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm anemia: los ntshav cov pos hniav, ntswg los ntshav, lub cev tsis muaj zog, uas qhia los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov siab thiab qhov hnyav.

Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm hom kab mob leukemia yog nws qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Yog tias pom muaj kab mob pathology, kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawm cov kws kho mob yog qhov tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev kho mob tsis muaj zog hauv qhov no, thiab tib txoj hauv kev rau kev kho yog allogeneic pob txha pob txha hloov.

kab mob tsawg heev yog cov plaub hau cell lymphocytic leukemia. Pawg pheej hmoo yog cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo. Cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob no ntev heev thiab qeeb. Hom kab mob leukemia no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog, nce ntxiv, tsis kho.

thawj ob yog qhov ntau tshaj. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob, vim li ntawd, nws nce mus zais. Kev kuaj ntshav qhia tau tias muaj ntau dua kaum, thiab qee zaum ib puas npaug, qib ntawm leukocytes. Hemoglobin, platelets thiab cov qe ntshav liab raug txo kom tsawg.

Cov hauv qab no yog hom ntshav leukemia hauv cov neeg laus hauv lub rooj.

x

Tim kab mob Qhov chaw swb
Tus kab mob lymphoblastic Lymph nodes, spleen
mob myeloid mob Peripheral ntshav, pob txha pob txha
Tus kab mob lymphoblastic Peripheral ntshav, siab, pob txha pob txha, spleen, lymph nodes
Tus kab mob myeloid Chronic
YJuvenile myelomonocytic pob txha pob txha
Hairy cell lymphocytic Lymph nodes

Tsiaj leukemias

Leukemia kuj muaj ntau heev hauv cov tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li leukemia hauv tib neeg, tus kab mob hauv cov tsiaj yog kis kab mob.

Hemoblastosis (leukemia, leukemia, leukemia) yog kab mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg hematopoietic ntawm cov tsiaj. Tus kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub uncontrolled reproduction ntawm pathological leukemic hlwb uas tsis mus txog rau kom loj hlob. Nws tuaj yeem pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm hematopoiesis, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm lub nruab nrog cev. Los ntawm cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb, leukemia feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv nyuj, los ntawm cov noog - hauv qaib. Muaj ntau hom tsiaj leukemia. Bovine lymphocytic leukemia, nrog rau ntau hom avian leukemia, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws rau tsiaj txhu.

Kev kis tus kab mob leukemia hauv qee hom tsiaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob oncornaviruses uas yog tsev neeg Retraviridae. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov caj ces predisposition rau tus kab mob.

mob lymphoblastic leukemia hom
mob lymphoblastic leukemia hom

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm leukemiacov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb thiab tib neeg tsis tuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm tshuaj lom neeg thiab hluav taws xob yam muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam hom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm leukemia.

Leukemia khiav tau ntev heev, uas tuaj yeem mus txog ntau xyoo. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb tsis raug kuaj pom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog zoo li cov hlwb tsis zoo, nrog rau kev tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm leukemia infiltration ntawm ntau yam kabmob, kev qaug dab peg ntawm tus tsiaj lub cev tshwm sim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam thiab cov kabmob raug cuam tshuam, thiab kev qaug zog yog pom..

Kev kuaj mob li cas?

Kev kuaj mob yog ua raws li kev kuaj ntshav kuaj pom tias muaj cov lymphoid thiab myeloid leukocytes ntau ntxiv hauv cov ntshav, nrog rau feem pua ntawm cov lymphocytes. Tsis tas li, tus kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm kev kuaj mob histological lossis kev kuaj mob tom qab.

Kev kho mob leukemia hauv cov tsiaj yog suav tias yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob leukemia suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev ua liaj ua teb los ntawm kev kis kab mob, nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws sijhawm.

Peb saib cov hom thiab cov cim qhia ntawm leukemia (leukemia).

Pom zoo: