Hnub no, cov kws kho hniav tau muaj ntau yam cuab yeej siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj cov ntaub ntawv xav tau tshwm sim ntau xyoo dhau los. Tab sis tsis muaj ntau yam hauv lawv xaiv.
Hmoov zoo, niaj hnub no muaj ntau ntawm lawv, yog li cov kws kho mob muaj peev xwm xaiv ib lossis lwm yam khoom ntawm lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab. Feem ntau qhov no ua rau qhov tseeb tias qee tus kws tshaj lij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pib tshiab, ua yuam kev thiab xaiv qhov tsis raug yog qhov zoo dua los siv rau kev xav. Qhov no ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kom nkag siab txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab, nrog rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lawv txhua tus muaj.
Dab tsi yog qhov luam tawm
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog cam khwb cia, uas yog qhov rov qab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tawv los yog mos nyob rau ntawm lub txaj prosthetic. Ua tsaug rau cov kev xav zoo li no, nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov zoo tshaj plaws prostheses, txawm rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tau poob lawv feem ntau.hniav.
Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tswv yim: seb nws yuav xis nyob rau hnav cov qauv tiav lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob txhua. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov tebchaw no, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb.
Alginate pawg
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tab tom tham txog cov hmoov uas yog diluted nrog dej thiab tsim ib tug heev mos mos thiab viscous loj uas hardens nyob rau hauv 2-3 feeb. Yog tias peb tham txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yog tsim nyog sau cia nws tus nqi qis thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv. Thaum siv alginate loj, lub tswv yim zoo tau txais rau yav tom ntej prosthesis. Tib lub sijhawm, tus qauv tiav tau yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm rab diav.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xav txog cov khoom siv kho hniav, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias cov alginate loj tsis tso cai rau koj los ua tus qauv uas yuav ua tau raws li tus neeg mob tus yam ntxwv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias 2-3 feeb tsis yog ib txwm txaus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog qhov teeb meem nyuaj. Cov khoom shrinks sai heev. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias tus kws tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub vib nas this kom muaj sij hawm los ua ib tug zoo qauv uas yuav ua tau raws li tag nrho cov yuav tsum tau. Txawm hais tias cov khoom raug tshem tawm tau zoo, tib lub sijhawm nws tsis ua raws li cov diav zoo.
Ntawm ntawm alginate pawg
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab ntawm hom no tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov muag dawb hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom uas ntxivnruab nrog lub khob ntsuas. Qhov tseeb yog qhov no nws tsis pom zoo kom ntxiv dej "los ntawm qhov muag".
Yog tias cov kua dej tsawg dhau, ces qhov ua tiav loj yuav nrog nce viscosity. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom raug tsim ua txhaum ntawm kev siv tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov no yuav ua rau ib tug nce nyob rau hauv shrinkage. Yog hais tias, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj dej ntau dhau, ces cov khoom tiav yuav dhau los ua kua heev. Nws yuav pib kis rau ntawm rab diav, thiab cov ntawv luam tawm yuav ua rau tsis txaus. Nov yog qhov tsis zoo.
Txhawm rau tiv nrog cov khoom siv tsis zoo, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov diav perforated.
YSilicon
Nyob hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab uas nyiam cov kws kho hniav. Xws li cov txheej txheem yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb hom vulcanization ntawm cov khoom. Txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.
Yog tias peb tham txog kev faib tawm cov khoom siv rau kev xav ntawm hom no, ces muaj C-silicones thiab A-silicones. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub prefix txhais tau tias condensation, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - ntxiv. Raws li txoj cai, ntawm kev muag khoom lawv raug cim rau hauv txoj kev no. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias hom silicone tsis qhia rau ntawm daim ntawv lo, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws tsim nyog ntsuas qhov pom ntawm cov khoom.
C-silicones yeej ib txwm muag hauv lub thawv loj, uas muaj cov khoom loj, thiab ntxiv rau nws, lub raj me me ntawm cov tawv tawv yog suav nrog hauv pob. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv ntxiv yog ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov catalyst. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog A-silicone, tom qab ntawd qhov no cov khoom raug muag hauv daim ntawv ntawm objars ntawm raws nraim tib yam loj. Lawv muaj ntau yam xim sib txawv.
Silicones raug cais raws li cov ntaub ntawv xav tau agar. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum muaj cov nplaum zoo.
YC-silicone
Yog tias peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom zoo siab no, ces lawv kuj yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom meej. Thaum cov catalyst ntau dhau ntxiv rau hom C silicone, cov ntaub ntawv polymer-hom network. Feem ntau ib qho kev tivthaiv ntxiv yog ntxiv rau hauv cov ntim loj txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm. Qhov no yeej pab tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no, tus pab cuam yuav muaj teeb meem, vim nws tsuas tsis muaj sij hawm txaus los sib tov cov khoom xyaw.
Yog tias koj siv cov catalyst tsawg dua, koj tuaj yeem pom tias muaj kev poob qis hauv cov txheej txheem solidification. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias tus kws kho mob xav tau kev xav tam sim ntawd los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho yuav tsum tau npaj tias qhov no cov txheej txheem polymerization yuav cuam tshuam. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov elastic thiab elastic qhov loj npaum li cas.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab ntawm hom no muaj lawv tus kheej zoo. Ntawm lawv, ib qho tuaj yeem nco ntsoov tus nqi qis, kev tsim khoom zoo ntawm cov qauv kawg, tsis tshua muaj shrinkage, zoo elasticity nrog lub zog txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tau zoo raug rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob. Tab sis hom silicone no kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo.
Piv txwv li, cov khoom sib xyaw tsuas tuaj yeem txuas nrog manuallyhom. Kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb raug txwv. Qhov no ua rau qhov tseeb tias thawj zaug nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov sib xws thaum sib xyaw cov catalyst thiab lub hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo suav nrog qhov tseeb tias txawm tias qhov kev tawm mus me ntsis los ntawm kev sib cais nruj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tiav tiav yuav tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, C-silicones yog rhiab heev rau ya raws. Lawv nqus dej zoo, uas kuj yog qhov rho tawm. Ntawm lwm yam, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tsis ua raws li lub tais zoo. Thiab yog tias koj tig mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas silicone yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom.
Thaum siv lawv, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, thaum ua hauj lwm nrog xws li cov khoom, nws yog ib txwm pom zoo kom siv ib tug tshwj xeeb syringe. Ob qho tib si yas thiab hlau qauv tsim nyog rau qhov no. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias C-silicones tau suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb heev niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov xwm txheej tau sau tseg tias cov khoom no ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm staphylococci ntawm cov mucous. Yog li ntawd, tom qab siv cov khoom zoo li no, nws raug nquahu kom tus neeg mob yaug lub qhov ncauj kom ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pawg, tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum hnav cov hnab looj tes. Yog hais tias ib tug poob ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau txais ntawm cov khaub ncaws, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tam sim ntawd ntxuav nws, nws yog zoo dua mus tos kom txog rau thaum cov khoom twb solidified kiag li.
A-silicone
Yog peb tham txog pab pawg no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab hauv kev kho hniav, ces nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo saibmloog mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias lawv txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug es tshwj xeeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm lub polymerization txheej txheem. Nws nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias, xws li, by-products tsis tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no raug suav hais tias yog cov ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
Yog tias peb tham txog lawv qhov zoo, nws tsim nyog qhia txog kev tsim tawm zoo heev ntawm cov qauv tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub loj thiab lub catalyst yog sib tov zoo heev thiab sai sai tig mus rau hauv ib tug homogeneous sib tov. Hauv qhov no, tus qauv tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li ib hlis tom qab qhov kev xav tau.
Kuj cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj silicone ntawm pab pawg no tiv taus qhov deformation thiab rov zoo thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj. Thaum tau txais ib daim ntawv luam tawm, koj tuaj yeem ua ntau yam qauv ib zaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tiv taus ntau dua rau cov dej noo thiab adhesion zoo. Tso cai siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv los sib xyaw ua ke, yog li tsis tas yuav siv zog ua haujlwm, uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho hniav.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau cov mucous.
Ntawm cov minuses, cov kws tshaj lij tawm tsuas yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom no.
Ntse ntawm A-silicone
Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau elastic yog tsim rau cov neeg uas nyiam siv cov hlua thim rov qab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom muaj zog, tab sis cov kua dej. Silicones ntawm pab pawg no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce hydrophilicity,Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv luam tawm tau zoo txawm tias lawv tau qaub ncaug, ntshav lossis lwm yam kua. Hauv qhov no, lawv ua tau zoo tshaj C-silicone rau ntau dua.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias cov khoom siv hydrophilic khaws cia hauv cov cam txawm tias tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem polymerization. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom no tuaj nyob rau hauv txawv viscosities. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais kev tshoov siab ntawm txhua yam uas siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov kws kho mob tseem nco ntsoov tias lub hauv paus nws tus kheej thiab cov catalysts muaj qhov sib xws, yog li lawv sib xyaw ua ke zoo kawg nkaus. Txij li ob qho tib si sib txawv ntawm cov xim, nws yooj yim heev los txiav txim siab thaum twg cov txheej txheem kneading tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau thermoplastic: cov khoom thiab nta
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm pawg no yog lub peev xwm ua kom tawv lossis muag muag nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum rhuab, cov ntaub ntawv no ua kua ntau dua, thiab thaum txias txias, lawv yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Lawv lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog tias lawv yog tsim los ntawm resins ntawm ib tug natural los yog hluavtaws hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem muaj cov hloov pauv, plasticizers thiab dyes. Qhov no txhim kho lawv cov khoom adhesion thiab lwm yam tsis muaj.
Kuj, paraffin, beeswax thiab lwm yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv thermoplastic. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias thaum cua sov, qhov sib tov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob lub mucosa. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis soften los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tus neeg mob lub cev los yog qhov sib txawv, yuav tsis tawv sai heev.
Siv plaster ua cov khoom zoo siab
Cov khoom no tau siv ntev los kho hniav. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm no, ntau yam ntawm nws ntau yam tau tshwm sim. Muaj txawm tias GOST, raws li uas muaj tsib chav kawm ntawm kev kho hniav plaster. Xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv:
Plaster rau kev xav. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv los ua cov cam khwb cia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau ob qho tib si ib nrab thiab tag nrho impressions ntawm tag nrho lub puab tsaig, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj cov hniav txhua. Hom gypsum no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev teeb tsa sai thiab nthuav dav dua
- Kev kho mob. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog alabaster gypsum, uas tsis muaj qhov nrawm nrawm. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv rau kev tsim cov qauv anatomical rau kev kuaj mob tom ntej. Cov cam no tsis muaj zog txaus rau lwm cov txheej txheem.
- Lub zog siab rau cov qauv. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv nyuaj uas tsim nyog rau kev ua cov hniav tshem tawm. Tsis zoo li hom yav dhau los, nws muaj chav kawm muaj zog thiab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv.
- Super-muaj zog plaster rau cov qauv. Cov khoom siv no tseem muaj qhov nthuav dav tsawg heev thiab lub zog zoo heev. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov high-end collapsible qauv.
- Super-muaj zog gypsum nrog adjustable expansion peev. Nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau raws li cov khoom siv no, vim nws kim heev thiab suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntaunce qib. Nws yog siv rau cov qauv raug siab.
Yog tias peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev zoo siab plaster, ces nws tsim nyog hais txog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov khoom, cov huab cua yuav tsum tsis txhob raug ntes kom cov huab cua pores tsis tshwm rau hauv cov khoom. Qhov no yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
Txhua lwm yam, npaj ua gypsum tsis ua teeb meem loj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho hniav. Cov sib tov muaj ib tug tsawg viscosity, tsis nqus noo noo, kis tau zoo tshaj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tsis ua mob rau lub mucous daim nyias nyias. Tib lub sijhawm, plaster tso cai rau koj los tsim cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom no, nws raug nquahu kom siv ib rab diav. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias nws yog ua los ntawm acrylic yas. Plaster impressions kuj tau siv cov khoom no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua sib tov. Hauv qhov no, rab diav yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv thermoplastic. Cov ntawv luam tiav tau khaws cia zoo thiab tsis deform rau lub sijhawm ntev.
YPolyesters
Qhov tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv no tau paub rov qab rau hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Txawm li cas los xij, rau lub sijhawm ntev lawv tsis nrov heev. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau xyoo tom qab, lawv tseem pom, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tau pib siv lawv.
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no, tom qab ntawd ntawm qhov zoo, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws tsim nyog qhia qhov tseeb tias polyesters tuaj yeem siv tau rau txhua txoj haujlwm. Cov khoom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm high precision, yooj yim ntawm kev sib tov. Tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwmsiv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, polyester yog resistant rau ya raws. Ib daim ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau tus qauv ib zaug. Lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv yog luv heev, yog li kev ua haujlwm sai sai. Cov qauv tiav yog cov khoom ruaj khov. Cov kev xav tau tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab soaked hauv txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem uas siv los ua degreaser. Cov cam khwb cia ua tiav tsis deform rau 3 lub lis piam tom qab kev tsim khoom.
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no, qee tus kws tshaj lij tau saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias qhov kev xav tiav tuaj yeem nyuaj heev kom tshem tawm ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, polyester tseem kim dua li silicone counterparts.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm polyester
Yog peb tham txog pawg nws tus kheej, ces nws yog ib feem. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias polyester yog suav tias yog cov khoom ruaj khov heev. Thaum tsis muaj lub siab, nws yog qhov tsis hloov pauv, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsuas yog siv rau nws, nws tuaj yeem ua softer. Ntawm ib rab diav, qhov sib xyaw ua tiav yuav tsis sib kis. Es tsis txhob, nws yuav pw hauv ib qho swb heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm rab diav pib ua rau lub siab ntawm cov hniav, qhov loj tam sim ntawd yuav muag heev. Nws yuav tsim ib qho kev pom zoo cam khwb cia. Vim li no, kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov mucous membrane yog tsis siv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsis tas yuav tsum tau quab yuam cov khoom kom tau txais tus qauv raug tshaj plaws.
Nyob hauv kaw
Muaj kev sib pivcov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo siab, nws yooj yim dua rau kev xaiv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nyiam silicones, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov khoom ntawm qeb A. Yog tias koj yuav gypsum, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias nws yog cov chav kawm zoo thiab tsim nyog rau kev npaj ua haujlwm. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv thermoplastic, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom lawv tsis txhob kub heev ua ntej kev sib cuag nrog cov mucosa.
Tsis muaj teeb meem yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj lom. Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam luv luv nrog cov mucous membrane, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tus neeg mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab kev nyiam rau cov khoom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Lawv khaws cia zoo dua, sib tov rau hauv homogeneous loj thiab tso cai rau koj los ua cov cam khwb cia siab.
