Absorbent paj rwb yog cov paj rwb uas tsis muaj roj thiab lwm yam impurities. Nws yooj yim wetted los ntawm dej thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau yooj yim.
Wadding yog npaj rau kev tsim khoom thiab siv tshuaj. Cov yav tas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv.
Kev kho mob hygroscopic paj rwb ntaub plaub (GOST 5556-81) yog nquag siv hauv kev phais.
Production
Absorbent paj rwb yog tsim los ntawm paj rwb. Nws raug ntxuav los ntawm cov husk, plua plav thiab xuab zeb uas twb muaj lawm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Cov roj thiab cov rog yog tom qab ntawd tshem tawm ntawm cov fibers. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm boiling nyob rau hauv lye rau 12 teev. Thaum boiling nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm 3 atmospheres, tsuas yog ob teev txaus. Tom qab xws li degreasing, paj rwb ntaub plaub yuav xim av.
Tom qab no, yuav tsum tau ntxuav hniav dawb. Ua ntej, paj rwb ntaub plaub yog rinsed nrog dej, dhau los ntawm ib tug centrifuge thiab sab laug rau ob peb hnub. Tom qab ntawd nws yog immersed nyob rau hauv bleach rau 6 teev. Tom qab ntawd cov paj rwb ntaub yog pauv mus rau sulfuric acid thiab sab laug rau 60 feeb. Nrog tsis tiavCov txheej txheem bleaching yog rov ua dua. Nco ntsoov siv tshuaj dawb, los ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau npaj.
Cov ntaub so ntswg kho thiab bleached yog ntxuav nrog dej thiab centrifuged dua. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab tshem tawm cov xim tsis sib xws, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov paj rwb pov tseg hauv dej soapy. Nws yuav tsum tau ua cov khoom siv dej nrog ntxiv ntawm sulfuric acid. Tom qab ntawd, cov kua qaub yog nruab nrab, thiab cov paj rwb ntaub plaub rov qab ntxuav nrog dej.
Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yuav qhuav thiab ces combed zoo.
xab npum decomposes nyob rau hauv tus ntawm sulfuric acid thiab ntxuav nrog dej. Muaj nag lossis daus hauv fibers ntawm stearic acid nyob rau hauv daim ntawv crushed. Nws yog ua tau kom tau ib tug zoo nkauj paj rwb ntaub plaub. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm squeezing, nws emits ib tug qab ntxiag crunch. Tom qab degreasing, nws yog re-impregnated nrog fatty acid. Tias yog vim li cas tsuas yog paj rwb ntaub plaub yog tsim rau cov tshuaj, uas nyob rau hauv lub xeem theem ntawm zus tau tej cov tsis saponified thiab tsis kho nrog sulfuric acid. Yuav tsum tsis muaj cov kab mob hauv cov paj rwb, yog li tsuas yog dej boiled yog siv los ua cov khoom siv.
Kuj paub yog txoj kev tsim cov paj rwb ntaub los ntawm flax fiber. Thaum pib, disintegration yog ua. Tom qab ntawd kev kho tshuaj yog nqa tawm: nws suav nrog tshuaj dawb thiab ua cov fibers hydrophilic. Kev ntxuav nrog dej, txias thiab kub, yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov kawg defibration muaj xws li ntub loosening, ziab thiab combing. Cov tom kawg yog ua ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, paj rwb ntaub plaub nrog qee qhov capillarity thiab qib ntawm whiteness ua flax fiber. Txoj kev no yog heevyooj yim. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis tsawg dua, thiab cov khoom tsim tau ua raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no.
thib ob los tsim cov paj rwb ntaub los ntawm linen
Txoj kev tsim cov flax wadding los ntawm kev siv tshuab defibration, ua noj, acidification, bleaching, ntxuav, nias, loosening, ziab thiab combing kuj paub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua noj ua haus yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev. Raws li yav tas los, sulfur-muaj, nitrogen-muaj, tshuaj anthrachin yog siv. Tom qab ua noj, cov fibers qaub. Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yog ua tiav hauv alkali nrog hydrogen peroxide. Loosening yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug ntub fiber ntau ripper.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias tsuas yog flax fiber yog siv los ua raw khoom.
Tshuaj thiab kho tshuab ua cov paj rwb ntaub plaub
Ib txoj hauv kev nrov rau kev tsim cov paj rwb ntaub plaub, uas suav nrog tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellulose fibers. Qhov no tsim ib tug sib tov ntawm fibers. Ib qho tattered blended fiber ntau yog ua. Ib lub paj rwb canvas yog tsim los ntawm nws. Qhov no yog ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qoob loo bast ua cellulose fibers: hemp thiab flax. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tov, flax fiber yog tov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam piv nrog hemp. Cov txheej txheem possibilities ntawm txoj kev yog incredibly dav. Qhov zoo ntawm cov paj rwb ntaub plaub zoo txhim kho tau zoo thaum tus nqi ntawm kev daws cov fibers hauv dej nce.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm paj rwb ntaub yog txwv rau hemp thiab flax fibers.
Tseem muaj ib txoj kev ua paj rwb,suav nrog kev ua ntawm linen thiab paj rwb fibers los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau ua tiav chemically rau hauv alkali. Hauv qhov no, hypochlorite yuav tsum muaj. Tom ntej no yog ntxuav, obligatory bleaching. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog acidification. Tom ntej no los lub flush. Thaum kawg, kev tawg yog ua tiav. Txoj kev no yog qhov yooj yim thiab kev lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob paj rwb ntaub plaub zoo heev.
Rau txoj kev no, tev cov fibers ntawm bast thiab paj rwb cov qoob loo los ua raw khoom.
Ntaus paj rwb ntaub ntau lawm
Nyob hauv kev lag luam textile, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tsim cov paj rwb ntaub plaub, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Qhov khoom yog tias ntuj thiab hluavtaws fibers tsis tuaj los yog kim heev. Qee cov paj rwb wool Cheebtsam tsis tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov paj rwb ntaub los ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho. Txawm tias kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua kom zoo dua qub hauv kev tsim cov paj rwb ntaub plaub tsis ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txuas ntxiv nthuav cov arsenal ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov paj rwb absorbent. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yuav ua tau kom lub wetting tus nqi, lub peev xwm ntawm paj rwb ntaub plaub yuav nqus noo noo thiab nws capillarity. Ua ke nrog cov fibers ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, uas muaj kev loj hlob txaus, cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj roj, pectin thiab waxy tshuaj, nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov paj rwb ntaub plaub. Nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm kev vam khom rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm ib hom khoom siv raw uas xav tau rau kev tsim khoom.
Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kho mob nqus paj rwb. Qhov sib tov suav nrogpaj rwb los yog bass fibers. Qhov no version ntawm cov khoom yog pheej yig dua. Hauv kev tsim cov paj rwb wool absorbent, tsis tsuas yog siv bast thiab paj rwb fibers, tab sis kuj tseem tshuav ntawm textile ntau lawm. Cov no yog xov scraps, cuttings ntawm fabrics, qis-qib thiab substandard fiber. Lub disintegration ntawm rags thiab pov tseg yog nqa tawm ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Qhov no ua tiav hauv theem. Thaum pib, muaj qhov ntxhib, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov maj mam pinching. Cov khib nyiab uas tsis dhau defibration raug xa rov qab rau kev rov ua dua.
txhawm rau txhim kho cov paj rwb zoo thiab muab nws qee yam khoom, textile fibers, flax, jute los yog kenaf tows ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm combing. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau ua ntej bleaching, acidification, ntxuav, wringing, loosening, ziab thiab combing. Cov ua wadded canvas yog nias rau hauv bales. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ntim raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev kho mob paj rwb ntaub plaub.
Muaj kev kho mob hygroscopic non-sterile thiab sterile paj rwb ntaub plaub. Qhov txawv yog tias cov paj rwb kawg yog raug rau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv qhov cub, qhov twg tag nrho cov kab mob yog 100% puas. Qhov no ua rau cov paj rwb zoo thaum sib cuag nrog cov qhov txhab qhib. Npuag paj rwb ntaub plaub uas tsis yog-sterile yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv kev phais.
Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau yam fibers nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm textile pov tseg rags. Txhawm rau kho cov khoom ntawm paj rwb ntaub plaub, cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los yog khoom siv ntxiv. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau kom tau cov paj rwb ntaub nrog qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob, cov ntaub pua tsev pov tseg lossis cov ntaub pua chaw raug coj mus.
Rag hauv paj rwb
Kev siv cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg hauv kev tsim cov paj rwb absorbent daws ob peb teeb meem:
- Ua ntej, nws tuaj yeem nthuav dav ntau ntawm cov fibers thiab lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau siv ua ntej yog them.
- Thib ob, nws hloov tawm kom tshem tawm kev vam khom ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm qee yam khoom siv raw. Muab cov khoom thauj khoom tas mus li.
- Thirdly, ntau yam ntaub ntawv pov tseg thiab cov ntaub pua tsev tau rov ua dua tshiab. Cov zis tau lees paub los tsim cov khoom zoo.
- Fourthly, tshwj xeeb fiber ntau raw cov ntaub ntawv tau txais kev cawmdim. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua knitwear lossis textiles.
Thaum pib, tsuas yog cov kws muag tshuaj tsim cov paj rwb ntaub. Tab sis tam sim no cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm factories thiab tshwj xeeb bleaching rhiav. Hauv kev tsim cov paj rwb ntaub plaub, cov paj rwb zoo zoo yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tu txhua yam, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov huab cua muaj zog, tag nrho cov plaub hau ntawm me me ntev raug tshem tawm. Kev kho mob zoo heev absorbent phais paj rwb yuav tsum tsis muaj plua plav thiab luv fibers.
Tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb cardan, cov hlua ntawm paj rwb ntaub yog dov thiab nias. Kuj xyuas seb cov khoom puas yooj yim wetted nrog dej.
Kev kho mob paj rwb ntaub plaub, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, muab faib ua 3 hom:
Absorbent eye cotton.
Txoj Kevpaj rwb absorbent
Cov paj rwb huv hauv qab lub tshuab ntsuas pom zoo ib yam kom tsis txhob rub tawm. Nws muaj cov plaub hau tiaj, tubular, unicellular. Lawv tag nrho cov coiled. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus yog ib tug ca channel uas yog sau nrog huab cua. Qhov dav ntawm cov fibers yog li ntawm 0.015 txog 0.028 hli. Cov paj rwb wool ntxuav muaj xim dawb. Nws tsis hnov tsw. Nws muaj roj. Yog tias koj nyem nws ntawm koj cov ntiv tes thiab muab pov rau hauv dej, nws yuav ua rau qeeb heev. Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim wetted nrog dej thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem raws li nws. Cov paj rwb zoo tib yam tsis muaj cov khoom zoo li no.
Tom qab hlawv cov khoom, 0.3% ntawm cov tshauv tseem nyob ntawm qhov hnyav thawj zaug. Dej extract ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 g ntawm paj rwb ntaub plaub rau 20 g ntawm dej yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim ib tug precipitate. Paj rwb ntaub plaub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv purified thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev phais. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm rwj, qhov txhab, kub hnyiab, tawg. Lawv kuj siv rau ntau yam tawv nqaij mob thiab rheumatism. Cov hauv qab no yog tsim los ntawm purified paj rwb ntaub plaub: sherting, cambric, lint, muslin thiab fat-free threads. Cov paj rwb thiab ntaub los ntawm nws yog siv rau hauv lawv daim ntawv ntshiab. Lawv kuj feem ntau impregnated nrog tshuaj yeeb tshuaj. Collodion los yog colloxylin yog tau los ntawm purified paj rwb ntaub.
