Rupture of the tympanic membrane is a mechanical damage to the nyias cov ntaub so ntswg uas cais cov kwj dej thiab pob ntseg nruab nrab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov raug mob, tus neeg tuaj yeem poob tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm nws qhov kev hnov lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntuj, pob ntseg nruab nrab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev kis kab mob thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Feem ntau, lub qhov los yog kua muag nyob rau hauv lub pob ntseg kho ntawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ob peb lub lis piam thiab tsis xav tau kev kho mob. Hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, cov kws kho mob tau sau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb lossis kev phais kom ua kom lub qhov txhab zoo li qub.
Symptoms
Cov cim qhia ntawm pob ntseg tawg yog raws li hauv qab no:
- mob pob ntseg tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai.
- Ntshiab, purulent los yog ntshav tawm ntawm pob ntseg.
- hnov tsis hnov.
- Ringing in the pob ntseg (tinnitus).
- kiv taub hau (vertigo).
- xeev siab lossis ntuav vim kiv taub hau.
Thaum mus ntsib kws kho mob
Sau npe rau kev sab laj ntawm lub tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mobCov kev pabcuam kho mob yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tawg lossis raug mob me rau koj lub pob ntseg, lossis yog tias koj muaj mob lossis tsis xis nyob hauv koj pob ntseg. Lub pob ntseg nruab nrab, zoo li pob ntseg sab hauv, muaj cov khoom tawg yooj yim heev thiab ua rau muaj kab mob thiab raug mob. Kev kho raws sij hawm thiab tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev khaws cia ntawm qhov hnov lus zoo.
Yog vim li cas
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub pob ntseg tawg tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li hauv qab no:
- Kab mob ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab (otitis). Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob, cov kua dej tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg, uas ua rau siab dhau ntawm lub pob ntseg thiab ua rau nws puas tsuaj.
- Barotrauma yog ib qho kev raug mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nruj nruj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, provoked los ntawm lub siab sib txawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg thiab ib puag ncig. Kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob ntseg tawg. Muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog barotrauma yog qhov hu ua mob pob ntseg, uas cuam tshuam rau txhua tus neeg caij tsheb. Kev poob siab kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm scuba dhia dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tshuab ncaj qha rau pob ntseg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij, txawm tias lub tshuab zoo li no los ntawm lub hnab ntim khoom siv hauv lub tsheb.
- suab qis thiab tawg (acoustic trauma). Kev tawg ntawm pob ntseg, cov tsos mob uas yuav pom tseeb nyob rau hauv ib ntsais muag ntawm lub qhov muag, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub suab nrov heev (explosions, shooting). Lub suab muaj zog heev tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis zoopob ntseg.
- Ntawm teb chaws tej khoom hauv pob ntseg. Cov khoom me me xws li Q-ntsis lossis hairpins tuaj yeem tho thiab ua rau lub pob ntseg tawg.
- mob taub hau. Kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv ntawm nruab nrab thiab sab hauv pob ntseg, suav nrog tympanic membrane rupture. Lub tshuab rau lub taub hau tuaj yeem tawg pob txha taub hau, nws yog qhov xwm txheej no uas feem ntau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tawg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyias.
Kev nyuaj siab
Lub pob ntseg muaj ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- Ruam. Thaum lub suab nthwv dej tsoo lub pob ntseg, nws pib vibrate. Cov qauv hauv nruab nrab thiab sab hauv pob ntseg paub cov kev vibrations thiab txhais cov suab nthwv dej rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
- Kev tiv thaiv. Lub pob ntseg kuj ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ntuj, ua kom dej, kab mob, thiab lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws tawm ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab.
Nyob rau hauv kev raug mob, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim ob qho tib si thaum lub sijhawm kho thiab yog lub pob ntseg tsis kho kom zoo. Muaj peev xwm ua tau:
- tsis hnov lus. Raws li txoj cai, kev hnov lus tsuas yog ploj mus ib ntus, kom txog thaum lub pob ntseg ploj ntawm nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg mob ntawm otorhinolaryngologists nco ntsoov qhov txo qis hauv kev hnov lus zoo txawm tias tom qab ua tiav kev loj hlob ntawm kev tawg. Ntau nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov txhab.
- Kab mob ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab (otitis). Lub pob ntseg ruptured nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam los yog neeg laus ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub pob ntseg. Yog ibCov ntaub so ntswg yuav tsis zoo ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tus neeg mob yuav tsis nrhiav kev kho mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob sib kis tsis zoo (ntev) uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus tag.
- Middle ear cyst (cholesteatoma). Cholesteatoma, los yog pearl qog, yog ib qho cyst uas muaj cov tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos necrotic. Yog hais tias lub pob ntseg puas lawm, cov tawv nqaij tuag thiab lwm cov khib nyiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv pob ntseg nruab nrab thiab tsim cov cyst. Cholesteatoma muab cov chaw yug me nyuam rau cov kab mob phem thiab muaj cov proteins uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov pob txha hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg tsis muaj zog.
Ua ntej mus ntsib kws kho mob
Thaum koj xav tias koj tau mob pob ntseg tawg, cov tsos mob yog qhov qhia tau tseeb ntawm kev raug mob. Yog tias qhov kev hnov lus zoo tau txo qis, sau npe rau kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib tus kws kho mob ua ntej, tab sis kom txuag sijhawm, nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho mob otorhinolaryngologist tam sim.
Ua ntej mus ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog yam koj yuav qhia txog koj tus mob. Yuav kom tsis txhob hnov qab dab tsi, kho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev sau ntawv. Thov piav qhia meej:
- cov tsos mob uas thab koj, suav nrog cov uas koj xav tias tsis yog pob ntseg puas lossis tsis hnov lus, dej tawm, lossis lwm yam cim ntawm kev raug mob;
- qhov xwm txheej tsis ntev los no hauv koj lub neej uas tuaj yeem yog vim li caspob ntseg raug mob, suav nrog cov kab mob sib kis, kev raug mob kis las, kev mus ncig hauv huab cua;
- tshuaj, suav nrog cov vitamin/mineral complexes thiab cov khoom noj uas koj tab tom noj;
- nug nug koj tus kws kho mob.
Yog tias koj xav tias lub pob ntseg tawg vim otitis media lossis mob stroke, xav nug koj tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist cov lus nug hauv qab no:
- Kuv lub pob ntseg puas tawg?
- Yog tsis yog, vim li cas kuv thiaj hnov tsis hnov lus thiab lwm yam tsos mob?
- Yog tias kuv lub pob ntseg puas lawm, kuv yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv kuv lub pob ntseg kom tsis txhob kis kab mob thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj kev kho zoo?
- Kuv puas yuav tsum tau rov teem sijhawm teem sijhawm kom koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg zoo li cas?
- Thaum twg yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob tshwj xeeb?
Xav nug lwm cov lus nug rau tus kws tshaj lij.
Tus kws kho mob yuav hais li cas
Tus kws kho mob otorhinolaryngologist, dhau los, yuav nug cov hauv qab no:
- Thaum twg koj thawj zaug pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev raug mob?
- Rupture ntawm lub pob ntseg feem ntau nrog mob thiab kiv taub hau. Koj puas tau pom cov cim zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas hauv koj tus kheej? Lawv mus sai npaum li cas?
- Koj puas tau mob pob ntseg?
- Koj puas tau hnov cov suab nrov heevsuab?
- Koj puas tau da dej hauv lub cev ntawm dej lossis hauv pas dej tsis ntev los no? Koj puas tau scuba dhia dej?
- Koj puas tau caij dav hlau lately?
- Thaum twg yog zaum kawg koj raug mob taub hau?
- Koj ntxuav koj pob ntseg li cas? Koj puas siv yam khoom los ntxuav?
Ua ntej kev sab laj
Yog tias lub sijhawm teem sijhawm nrog tus kws kho mob otorhinolaryngologist tseem tsis tau tuaj txog, thiab koj xav tias muaj pob pob ntseg tawg los ntawm kev tshuab, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob pib kho koj tus kheej. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua txhua yam kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm pob ntseg. Sim ua kom koj pob ntseg huv thiab qhuav, tsis txhob ua luam dej, thiab xyuas kom meej tias dej tsis nkag mus rau hauv pob ntseg thaum da dej lossis da dej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj lub pob ntseg puas thaum ua luam dej, ntxig elastic silicone earplugs los yog paj rwb pob ntim rau hauv roj av jelly txhua zaus.
Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj pob ntseg uas tus kheej yuav khoom; Cov tshuaj tsuas yog muab los ntawm kws kho mob thiab tsuas yog kho cov kab mob sib kis uas cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau pob ntseg.
Diagnosis
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov muaj thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas tsuaj, ENT feem ntau kuaj lub pob ntseg pom kev siv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb hu ua otoscope. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov ua rau lossis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tawg thaum lub sijhawm kuaj pom qhov muag, tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv ntxiv. Kev kuaj mob, suav nrog:
- Kev kuaj mob. Yog tias koj pom qhov tso tawm los ntawm pob ntseg raug mob, tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist yuav muaj peev xwm xaj ib qho kev sim kuaj lossis kab lis kev cai ntawm tus qauv tso tawm los txiav txim seb hom kab mob cuam tshuam rau pob ntseg nruab nrab.
- Kev ntsuas qhov hnov lus nrog rab diav rawg. Tuning forks yog ob-pronged hlau twj uas ua suab nrov thaum ntaus. Kev ntsuam xyuas yooj yim nrog lawv cov kev pab yuav ua rau tus kws kho mob kuaj pom qhov tsis hnov lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv rab diav rawg tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb qhov twg ua rau tsis hnov lus: kev puas tsuaj rau qhov chaw vibrating ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab (xws li lub pob ntseg), raug mob rau cov receptors lossis cov hlab ntsha ntawm pob ntseg, lossis ob qho tib si.
- Tympanometry. Lub tympanometer yog ib yam khoom uas muab tso rau hauv lub pob ntseg kwj dej los ntsuas cov lus teb ntawm lub pob ntseg kom hloov me ntsis ntawm huab cua siab. Qee cov qauv tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov kab mob tympanic ruptured, cov tsos mob uas, qee zaum, tsis ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau rau tus neeg mob.
- Audiological xeem. Yog tias lwm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas suab, uas txhais tau hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas nruj me ntsis ua nyob rau hauv lub rooj muag suab nrov los ntsuas tus neeg mob qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab sib txawv thiab ntau zaus.
Kev kho mob
Yog tias koj tau kuaj pom tias muaj qhov tsis sib xws, qhov tsis sib haum ntawm lub pob ntseg tawg, qhov tshwm sim yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws: qhov phem tshaj plaws, kojcia siab tias tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj me ntsis hauv kev hnov lus ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv pob ntseg (Otipax, Sofradex, Otinum). Yog tias qhov so tsis kho nws tus kheej, tej zaum koj yuav tau mus rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los xyuas kom meej cov pob ntseg zoo. ENT tuaj yeem sau ntawv:
- Daim ntawv thov thaj tshwj xeeb rau lub pob ntseg. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim uas tus kws kho mob kho cov npoo ntawm qhov sib txawv nrog cov khoom uas txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes, thiab khi cov kev puas tsuaj nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas ua haujlwm zoo li plaster rau cov ntaub so ntswg raug mob. Tej zaum koj yuav tau rov ua qhov kev txiav txim no ntau zaus ua ntej lub pob ntseg yuav kho tag.
- Kev phais mob. Yog tias thaj ua rau thaj tsis pab, lossis yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tsis thoob tias txoj kev yooj yim yuav kho tau pob ntseg pob ntseg, nws yuav pom zoo rau kev kho mob phais. Kev ua haujlwm tshaj plaws yog hu ua tympanoplasty. Tus kws phais yuav ua ib qho kev phais saum pob ntseg, tshem tawm ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab siv nws los kaw cov kua muag hauv lub pob ntseg. Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim thiab cov neeg mob feem ntau rov qab los tsev tib hnub.
Nyob hauv tsev
Nws tsis yog ib txwm tsim nyog hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau kev tawm tswv yim thiab kuaj mob. Rau ntau tus neeg tau kuaj pom muaj pob ntseg pob ntseg, kev kho mob tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv xwbpob ntseg raug mob los ntawm kev raug mob tshiab thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Txoj kev kho tus kheej yuav siv sij hawm ntau lub lis piam. Txawm hais tias koj tau tig mus rau tus kws kho mob otolaryngologist lossis tsis tau, ua txhua yam kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv pob ntseg puas los ntawm cov teeb meem. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo ua raws li cov cai no:
- Kua pob ntseg kom qhuav. Ntxig lub pob ntseg silicone tsis muaj dej los yog lub pob paj rwb ntub hauv cov roj av jelly rau hauv koj lub pob ntseg sab nraud txhua zaus koj da dej lossis da dej.
- Tsis txhob txhuam hniav. Tsis txhob siv tej yam khoom los yog khoom siv los ntxuav koj lub pob ntseg, txawm tias lawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no. Muab sijhawm rau koj lub pob ntseg kho kom zoo.
- Tsis txhob tshuab koj lub qhov ntswg. Lub siab tsim los ntawm tshuab koj lub qhov ntswg tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub pob ntseg tawg, ua raws li cov lus qhia no:
- kho pob ntseg nruab nrab sai sai;
- Tiv thaiv pob ntseg thaum taug kev hauv huab cua;
- zam kev ntxuav koj lub pob ntseg nrog cov khoom txawv teb chaws, suav nrog paj rwb swabs thiab daim ntawv clips;
- hnav lub mloog pob ntseg lossis pob ntseg yog tias koj txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog lub suab nrov heev.
Ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim no yuav tiv thaiv koj lub pob ntseg ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
