Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob ntxov, kev kho mob, txiaj ntsig

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob ntxov, kev kho mob, txiaj ntsig
Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob ntxov, kev kho mob, txiaj ntsig

Video: Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob ntxov, kev kho mob, txiaj ntsig

Video: Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob ntxov, kev kho mob, txiaj ntsig
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Anonim

Ib qhov chaw nyiam ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer yog lub ntsej muag. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau lub network ntawm cov hlab ntsha, qhov ncaj qha cuam tshuam ntawm insolation, uas yog ib qho zoo rau kev loj hlob malignant. Txhua yam cim qhia ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob qog noj ntshav ntawm thawj theem, cov duab hauv qab no, yuav tsum muaj kev kawm ntxaws ntxaws rau kev kuaj pom tseeb thaum ntxov, uas tus neeg mob lub neej yuav nyob ntawm.

Cov kab mob no tshwm sim ntau dua li lwm tus, txij li thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij no feem ntau raug tshav ntuj, vim tias nws yog qhov yuav luag qhib txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, chemicals, av, plua plav, soot, teeb meem atmospheric gases nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw kub thiab tsis quav ntsej hnav cov kaus mom yog qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua. Tsis txhob siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Cia peb sim seb seb mob qog noj ntshav zoo li cas ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab yuav ua li cas.

noj keeb kwm ntawm mob qog noj ntshav
noj keeb kwm ntawm mob qog noj ntshav

Yog vim li cas

Ib qho ua rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ntsej muag tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob hauv lub cev uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zoglub cev, kev tawm tsam cov kab mob ua haujlwm tsawg dua.

Ib yam ntawm cov no yog cov tawv nqaij ncaj ncees: lub epidermis (txheej txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij) ntawm cov neeg dawb muaj cov xim tsawg (melanin), uas txo cov tawv nqaij tiv thaiv los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob.

Muaj tshav kub ntau ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj ntau tus nevi (birthmarks) yuav muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav. Kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov txheeb ze ncaj qha.

Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ntsej muag yog siab dua hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb nrog keeb kwm ntev ntev thiab cov neeg siv tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, cov neeg laus, nrog rau cov neeg uas raug mob Bowen's kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv cov neeg uas muaj erythroplasia ntawm Queira.

manifestation ntawm mob qog noj ntshav
manifestation ntawm mob qog noj ntshav

Symptoms

Muaj ob hom kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag (duab saum toj no) - ntxov thiab lig. Txhawm rau tiv tauj tus kws tshaj lij hauv lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom paub ob qho tib si.

Cov tsos mob ntxov

Cov tsos mob ntxov ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov poj niam thiab txiv neej suav nrog:

  1. Kev tsim ntawm lub ntsej muag uas tsis muaj ua ntej. Cov no yuav yog cov moles tshiab, cov pob liab liab, lossis qee qhov chaw khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tsis kho tau ntev. Cov moles uas twb muaj lawm coj txawv txawv - lawv hloov xim, ua rau mob, zais ib qho ichor.
  2. Qhov pom ntawm pob qhov rooj ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Raws li txoj cai, xws linodes tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv - dub, dawb, liab, ntshav.
  3. Poob pigmentation hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsej muag.
  4. Nyob ib leeg, txawm ib tug me me.

Cov tsos mob lig

Cov tsos mob ntawm lub ntsej muag mob qog noj ntshav (duab txuas hauv kab lus):

  1. Hloov qhov loj ntawm cov hnub nyoog me me (moles, nevus). Raws li txoj cai, kev hloov pauv tau pom hauv ob peb lub hlis.
  2. Lub mole, uas ib txwm txawm tias, tau dhau los ua asymmetric. Cov contours ntawm mole poob sharpness thiab saib qhov muag plooj.
  3. Hloov qhov chaw ntawm mole. Cov stain ua rau tsis xis nyob - khaus, tingles.
  4. Ntxiv rau cov tsos mob saum toj no, cov tawv nqaij tiaj tus nrog cov nplaig tawv thiab tawv tawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Muaj kev pheej hmoo tias qhov txhab mob hnyav.

Cov tsos mob dav dav

Tseem muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim uas qhia tau tias muaj qee yam ua rau lub cev tsis zoo. Nov yog:

  1. Persistent fatigue.
  2. Lub sijhawm dhia hauv lub cev kub.
  3. poob phaus.
  4. Kev qab los noj mov.
  5. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom saib xyuas koj lub cev ib txwm, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab lawv cov kev hloov, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej.

Yog tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm cov saum toj no, nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd, kuaj xyuas kom meej. Tej zaum tsis muaj dab tsi txhawj txog, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los mus xyuas nrog tus kws tshaj lij.

daim tawv nqaij mob cancer
daim tawv nqaij mob cancer

Diagnosis

Kev kuaj mob yuav tsum pib tam sim tom qabnrhiav kev loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, yuav tsum tau kuaj pom los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Tam sim no, dermatoscopy (kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog lub ntsej muag magnifying - dermatoscope) tau dhau los ua qhov dav. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim hauv nws qhov kev ua tiav, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov.

Cov cim qhia uas yuav qhia tau tias kev loj hlob tsis zoo, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm dermatoscopy:

  1. Kev kawm asymmetry.
  2. xim tsis sib xws (hloov chaw tsaus thiab lub teeb).
  3. Hyperemia ntawm daim tawv nqaij (muaj kev hloov pauv tsawg kawg nkaus).
  4. Uneven (hilly) nto ntawm qhov tsim.

Muaj ntau hom tshuaj pleev ib ce:

  1. Traditional dermatoscopy (siv lub ntsuas ntsuas) - kuaj lub sijhawm.
  2. Photodermatoscopy (digital, electronic dermatoscopy), uas tso cai rau koj mus thaij duab thiab saib xyuas qhov kev nce qib lossis rov ua dua ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm malignant hauv cov dynamics.
  3. Computerized dermatoscopy (siv ib daim video dermatoscope).

kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev kuaj mob yog kev tshawb fawb cytological (kev kawm ntawm cov cellular muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev tsim los txiav txim siab qib ntawm atypia): cov qauv ntawm tes los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj pleev xim - imprint.

Histological kuaj, uas txhua tus neeg ntshai heev, tsuas yog tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb nws puas yog qhov phem lossis kev loj hlob zoo. Nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev noj tshuaj biopsy los ntawm lub node nrog ntxiv sectioning.

Kev tshuaj ntsuam biochemical: kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov cim qog.

Kev kuaj ntsuas ntsuas: txhawm rau tshem tawm lossis lees paub cov kab mob metastatic ntawm lwm cov kabmob.

Nco ntsoov! Kev tshuaj xyuas tus kheej yog qhov lav ntawm kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob atypical. Tshawb xyuas daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lwm qhov chaw nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav txhua hli, yog li koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej.

kuaj mob qog noj ntshav
kuaj mob qog noj ntshav

theem ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer

kab mob Oncological, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm epidermis, txhim kho nyob rau hauv ntau theem, uas tau ua ke nyob rau theem ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Muaj tsib ntawm lawv tag nrho:

  • 0 - thawj theem, mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ntsej muag (qhov no kuj pom nyob rau hauv daim duab) yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm subcutaneous formations uas zoo li pob txuv lossis wen. Lawv mob palpation. Me me hauv txoj kab uas hla, mus txog 0.5 cm, thiab tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
  • 1 - tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim cov papillomas me me nrog txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 2 cm. Cov qog yog txawb, tsis yog metastasized, tab sis tswj kom ntaus cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Kev cuam tshuam kho raws sijhawm ntawm theem no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo 100%.
  • 2 - cov txheej txheem zoo li qog ua loj dua thiab ncav cuag qhov ntim ntawm 4 cm. Metastasis nyob rau theem ntawm tus kab mob no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem tshawb pom qee cov ntsiab lus - precursors ntawm lub hauv paus ntxiv dag zog rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, uas nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lymph node. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no qhia txog qhov pib ntawm kev saib xyuas hnyav.
  • 3 - cov qog pib nquagntxiv dag zog rau tus neeg mob lub cev, cuam tshuam rau lymphatic thiab lymphatic kua system. Qhov mob syndrome dhau los ua tus khub tas li ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob yog ntxiv - qhov nce hauv lub cev kub, kev tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej, thermal discoloration ntawm daim tawv nqaij, hnoos, nyuaj nqos.
  • 4 - theem kawg ntawm tus kab mob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav sib sib zog nqus, kev sib txuas rau cov txheej txheem mob qog noj ntshav ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv lub neej, kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, septic lesions ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tob txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij., kub ntxhov - kub taub hau, ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, lub plawv dhia tsis zoo.

Kev hnyav kuj tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pob txha-cartilaginous, ligamentous apparatus. Cov paj hlwb, suav nrog ob peb khub ntawm SMNs, tseem tsis ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kab mob raws nws cov kab. Lub apogee ntawm lub xeev tus kab mob yog maj mam withering ntawm tus neeg mob thiab nws inevitable tuag. Kev kho mob hnyav muab cov txiaj ntsig tsuas yog mus txog theem 4 ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological. Cov txiaj ntsig tom qab ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev kho mob tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau.

kuaj mob qog noj ntshav
kuaj mob qog noj ntshav

txoj kev kho

Txhim kho cov cuab yeej siv kho mob rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv txoj cai ntawm lub xeev thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Lavxias Federation. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg mob hnyav uas tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob tsim nyog hauv cov chaw hauv nroog thiab xeev.rehabilitation tsev vim tsis muaj chaw, nqaim tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no, raws li kev ntsuas kub ceev los muab kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav, cov chaw ntxiv tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho mob ntiag tug. Cov neeg mob tau txais kev pabcuam raws li txoj cai khomob, tsuas yog them cov nqi tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab.

kho mob qog noj ntshav
kho mob qog noj ntshav

Tus kws kho mob tus kws kho mob ntiag tug tuaj yeem muab dab tsi?

Cov kev kho mob hauv qab no rau kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ntsej muag muaj:

  1. High-precision phais tshem tawm cov qog ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub cev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog cov haujlwm uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub ntsej muag raug tshem tawm siv rab riam laser nrog ntxiv cauterization (electrocoagulation) thiab khawb cov seem ntawm cov neoplasm (curettage). Yog hais tias cov qog tau metastasized thiab cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog sab sauv thiab nruab nrab integument ntawm lub epidermis, tab sis tau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv cov txheej txheej sib sib zog nqus, nqus cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous, tus neeg mob tau sau ntawv phais micrographic siv txoj kev MOHS (Mohs). Siv lub laser scalpel, tus kws phais tshem tawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam, muab cov khoom tiav rau kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm histologists. Thaum cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb paub meej tias kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, cov txheej txheem tau tshaj tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev phais yas contour tau raug sau tseg kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis xws luag.
  2. Kev kho hluav taws xob. Xov tooj cua yoj kho mob yog ua tom qab phais tshem tawm cov qog. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov microparticles ntawm neoplasm kom tiavtawg thiab yeej tsis loj hlob ntxiv. Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev raug raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Xov tooj cua yoj kho tau tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm photodynamic apparatus series ntawm flashes lossis immunomodulatory tshuaj kho.
  3. Cov tshuaj khomob nrog rau theem ntawm kev npaj nyuaj. Chemotherapy yog conditionally muab faib ua ob subspecies: systemic chemotherapy thiab hauv zos chemotherapy. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qog metastasis, radiosubstance yog txhaj ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub cyst metastasis. Punctures yog nqa tawm ua ntej kev kawm paub meej ntawm cov txheej txheem, lawv cov ceg, qhov ceev ntawm kev txuas mus rau lub cev noj qab haus huv (pob txha, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab paj hlwb). Hauv zos CT koom nrog kev thov ncaj qha ntawm cov tshuaj hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws. Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, kev xa tawm ntawm tus ntxhais-niam ntawm daim tawv nqaij neoplasms yog qhov tshwm sim heev - nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd cov foci hauv zos pib tuag los ntawm lawv tus kheej, tsis tas yuav rov ua dua. Tau kawg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob cancer tom qab MCT, ntau yam kev kuaj apparatus cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nqa tawm rau qhov kawg tshem tawm ntawm cov qog remnants.
  4. Photodynamic kho mob. Nws hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer los ntawm kev rhuav tshem lawv nrog UV rays. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob. Lub ntsiab contraindication rau nws siv yog tus neeg mob lub siab rhiab heev rau lub teeb rays. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav mus sim ib tug tshiab "cov tub ntxhais hluas" txheej txheem, nws yog tsim nyogtau txais kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
  5. Immune and targeted therapy. Cov tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig uas cuam tshuam nrog "tshaj tawm" kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qog los ntawm kev txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tsim tshwj xeeb rau ib hom mob qog noj ntshav raws li tus kheej caj ces tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob. Qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg hais tias dhau sijhawm, thaj chaw no ntawm oncology yuav hloov tag nrho lwm txoj hauv kev kho neoplasms, tab sis tam sim no, kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov hom phiaj kho tau siv ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej txheem thiab tiv thaiv kev rov qab los. Txhua tus tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho ntawm txoj kev vam meej tshiab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab kos npe rau kev pom zoo ntawm kev xav hloov koj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob rau kev sau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob.

Hnub no muaj ntau cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau cov neeg mob kom rov zoo los ntawm txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog mus ntsib kws kho mob raws sij hawm thiab sim nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev kom tau txais kev kho mob zoo kom tsis txhob kov yeej cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij xwb, tab sis kuj kom tsis txhob rov qab ua dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab tias txoj kev nyiam tsim cov neoplasms (ob leeg zoo thiab phem) tau txais los ntawm niam mus rau fetus. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev dormant, cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem taug kev ncig lub cev mus ntev thiab sawv thaum twg los tau. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus kws kho mob oncologist pom zoo tias cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej uas tau mob qog noj ntshav lossis lwm homoncopathology, sau npe rau kev npaj cev xeeb tub thiab kawm txog cov khoom siv caj ces rau kev sib haum xeeb, thiab tom qab tus menyuam yug los, qhia rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev kho mob rau tus mob neoplasm.

rov qab los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav
rov qab los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav

Huab cua

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, zoo li lwm hom oncology, kev loj hlob, tsis yog tsuas yog cov hlwb noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis lub cev tag nrho. Qhov no tshwm sim vim yog kev tsim ntawm ib puag ncig aggression thiab kev tsis lees paub ntawm tus kheej cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qib cellular. Kev kwv yees ntawm tus kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev mob qog noj ntshav yog nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab qib kev puas tsuaj. Yog tias peb tham txog mob qog noj ntshav, cov txheeb cais qhia cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

  • kho tau zoo - 90% ntawm cov neeg mob hauv thawj lossis thib ob;
  • 50% ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau theem thib peb;
  • tsuas yog 10-12% rov zoo nyob rau theem thib plaub ntawm tus kabmob.

Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias basiliomas teb zoo dua rau kev kho dua li melanomas. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev tshwm sim yog qhov muaj teeb meem. Septically, tus neeg ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob phem thiab av. Thaum neoplasms tshwm sim, lub dermis tsis ua haujlwm kom raug, kis tau ntau yam kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob.

Yog li, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib:

  • mob pob txha pob txha, periosteum thiab paj hlwb;
  • ntshav thiab sepsis;
  • kis kab mob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm zygomatic, frontal lobes nrog kev nkag mus tom ntej ntawm tus kab mob mus rau hauv lub hlwb.

ThaumNyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xws teeb meem, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom meej meej tsim ib tug prognosis. Cov kws kho mob tsuas tuaj yeem twv seb tus neeg mob lub cev yuav ua li cas rau kev saib xyuas hnyav.

Pom zoo: