Immunotherapy yog qhov tseeb thiab muaj zog tshaj kev kho mob rau ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav. Nws yog tsom rau kev ua kom lub cev kawm los tua cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm nws tus kheej.
Yuav siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav li cas ntawm ntau theem?
Qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab mob tsis zoo, nrog rau cov kab mob oncohematological. Kho mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txhua theem, suav nrog cov qib siab tshaj plaws. Thiab cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv hauv oncology tuaj yeem kov yeej tus kab mob tsuas yog nyob rau theem pib.
Cia peb xav txog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob li cas hauv oncology ntawm ntau theem:
- Tus kab mob nyob rau thawj theem tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm malignant hlwb, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib tug localized qog tsim. Feem ntau siv phais kho mob, xov tooj cua thiab chemotherapy. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tshuaj ntxiv.
- Hospice rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov chaw uas cov neeg mob uas mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub sijhawm kawg. Ntawm no, yog tias ua tau, lawv ua kom lub neej ntev, suav nrog kev pab cuam ntawm immunotherapy.
- Nyob rau theem peb ntawm mob qog noj ntshavmetastasis tshwm sim. Qhov kawg los yog plaub theem ntawm tus kab mob yog manifested los ntawm relapses. Cov kab mob ntawm cov theem no twb nyuaj los kho siv cov tshuaj ib txwm siv, yog li kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog siv los ua txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav yog ib qho kev cog lus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas txoj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Vim yog cov hluas ntawm txoj kev no, nws muaj ntau tus neeg tawm tsam.
Lawv muaj lus sib cav thiab qhov tseeb tau los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li kev tshawb fawb.
Zoo li cov txheej txheem tshiab, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau tshawb pom tag nrho. Nws tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev taug kev, tab sis, tej zaum, sai sai no nws yuav dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov kab mob feem ntau, vim tias qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog ua rau lub cev tsis zoo, tab sis pab kom kov yeej tus kab mob.
Txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev kho mob oncology
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kab mob nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yuav kom kov yeej tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm. Nrog nws cov peev txheej tiv thaiv, nws yuav tawm tsam cov qog.
Immunotherapy yog dab tsi? Kev npaj tshuaj lom neeg nrog kev ua haujlwm antitumor yog nkag rau hauv lub cev. Lawv hu ua - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov tshuaj no muaj qee yam ntawm cov khoom xyaw nram qab no:
- cytokines;
- monoclonal tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lawv pib ua phem phemcov hlwb, tib lub sijhawm cov qog noj zaub mov raug thaiv.
qog hlav loj hlob nres, cov txheej txheem malignant raug thaiv. Ntawd yog, mob qog noj ntshav tau kho tau tiag tiag. Metastases tsis tshwm sim hauv qhov no.
Tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lom yog tsim rau txhua tus neeg mob ib leeg. Qhov no yog raws li kev siv cov khoom siv roj ntsha, uas muaj cov hlwb ntawm cov qog nws tus kheej. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsum tau siv ua ke.
Ntxiv rau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv cellular ntawm cov neeg pub dawb, uas yog, cov neeg uas muaj hom mob qog noj ntshav tiag tiag. Cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd nws tau txhaj rau hauv tus neeg mob lub cev los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, txawm tias qhov no, yog txheej txheem ntev, txij li ob peb lub hlis yuav dhau los txij li lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev kom txog thaum cov qog puas tsuaj tag.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob tau qhia rau tus neeg mob lub sijhawm tag nrho. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb saib xyuas qhov mob ntawm tus neeg mob.
Nws txoj kev yuav nce li cas? Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm 60 txog 80%. Zoo heev li os.
Immunotherapy, hluav taws xob hauv oncology: qhov tshwm sim
Lub cev kawm paub txog cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab rhuav tshem lawv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj siv yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev phiv li ntawdpom, xws li, piv txwv li, muab tshuaj khomob lossis hluav taws xob hauv oncology. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsis kaj siab heev. Lawv muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- xeev siab thiab ntuav;
- mob plab;
- teeb meem tawv nqaij;
- ua kom plaub hau poob;
- tsis muaj zog.
Tab sis qee qhov me me, lub cev tuaj yeem teb nrog cov tsos mob hauv qab no rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob:
- Npaj paug mucous.
- Ntaus.
- Raws lossis lwm yam tshuaj tsis haum.
- siab siab.
YPuas muaj contraindications rau immunotherapy?
Cov kev mob tshwm sim, raws li tau hais los saum no, feem ntau tsis tshwm sim nrog immunostimulation. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob. Txij li cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog tshwj xeeb, tej zaum yuav muaj qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm lub cev hauv daim ntawv ntawm me ntsis nce hauv lub cev kub. Tab sis kev ua xua cuam tshuam nrog tus neeg intolerance yog tsis txiav txim tawm.
Immunotherapy rau oncology yog ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntuj. Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Vitamin kho. Cov vitamin complexes, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, ua kom cov txheej txheem metabolic, hloov kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov caj ces. Cov vitamins rau txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem noj hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, vim tias lawv nyob hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- Phytotherapy. Qee hom nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tuag ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. licorice paus,Piv txwv li, nws ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Kev loj hlob oncological raug ncua, kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog tsim ua tsaug rau cov nroj tsuag no.
- Aerotherapy. Tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav tau raug txhaj tshuaj nruj me ntsis rau cov pa oxygen. Kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kho mob tau yooj yim los ntawm kev taug kev tsis tu ncua hauv huab cua ntshiab lossis nqus pa ntawm cov pa ntshiab siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntxiv los tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv oncology. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev los kho tus neeg mob rov ua haujlwm.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsum ua raws li ob qho tib si ib txwm siv thiab txoj hauv kev tsis yog kev txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Npaj tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab oncology
Txhua tus neeg txhua hnub muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob qog noj ntshav ntau yam. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshiab. Txhua xyoo, mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom hauv 15 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Daim duab no zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis tsis tas yuav tsum ntshai. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li qhov ua tau ntawm lub ncauj lus no. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tau txhim kho tas li.
Vim li cas qee tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem ua neej nyob thiab tsis muaj mob?
Qhov zais cia yog nyob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob, kis kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog muab los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb - cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Lawv yogpaub txog cov hlwb atypical, nrog rau lawv cov proteins, uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Tom qab ntawd, lawv neutralize lawv, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog. Lub cev noj qab haus huv tsis xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sab nraud.
Txhua yam no ua rau peb cov lus xaus hauv qab no:
- Cov kab mob Oncological feem ntau raug kuaj pom hauv cov neeg laus, vim tias lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob twb tsis muaj zog lawm. Nws tsis tuaj yeem paub cov hlwb txawv txav lawm.
- Hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 25 xyoos, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau ua tiav - cov neeg no muaj mob qog noj ntshav hnyav tshaj plaws.
- Yuav tsum ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv tas li txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Immunotherapy (kev tshuaj xyuas paub meej tias qhov no) yog raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab kawg. Qhov no yog ib ceg tshiab ntawm oncology, txhim kho ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm, ua pov thawj nws cov txiaj ntsig. Qib ntawm immunotherapy nyob rau hauv oncology yog siab txawv teb chaws. Muaj ntau cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb hauv cov kev taw qhia no tau ua tas li, thiab cov tshuaj tshiab tau tsim thiab tshawb nrhiav. Kev npaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv oncology yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv hauv Ixayees. Cov tsev kho mob muaj cov thawj coj hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav (piv txwv li, mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab yog kho tau 80% ntawm cov neeg mob).
Yuav ua li cas tshiab hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob niaj hnub no?
Immunotherapy tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm yam kev kho mob qog noj ntshav kom ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Nrog kev pab ntawm radioimmunotherapy, piv txwv li, lawv tua mob qog noj ntshav. Ib tug radioactive isotope yog tsau raumonoclonal antibodies los yog ua kom cov T-helpers los ntawm radiomagnetic hais. Lub koom haum Weizmann ntawm cov neeg Ixayees tau tsim thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev kho mob leukemia (ntshav qog noj ntshav). Nws qhov kev sim tau ua tiav, yog li nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom. patent belongs rau Western kws tshuaj tuam txhab uas muag.
Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog lub npe ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua kev soj ntsuam rau cov qog nqaij hlav. Ib tus kws kuaj mob tshwj xeeb ntsuas qee qhov ntawm lawv, los ntawm lawv lub xub ntiag ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv.
Kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau lees paub tias mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem rhuav tshem los ntawm qee yam kab mob. Cov no suav nrog:
- viruses;
- clostridia;
- ntau yam kab mob;
Vector antitumor tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm lawv lub hauv paus. Yog tias cov kab mob no tau ua tiav hauv ib txoj hauv kev hauv chav kuaj, ces lub cev yuav tsis mob. Tab sis ib tug ntse tsim ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tshwm sim. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob no yog, ntawm lwm yam, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv oncology
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas siv hauv cov chaw kho mob txawv teb chaws rau kev kho mob oncology tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg, uas muaj qee qhov nyiaj:
- Cytokines - hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Gamma-interferons - koom nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qog hlwb.
- Interleukins (interleukin-2) - yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
- Monoclonal antibodies -kuaj thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
- T-tus pab yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob siab heev siv rau kev kho ntawm tes.
- Dendritic cells - tau los ntawm cov ntshav progenitor cells, neutralize malignant cells thaum sib xyaw nrog lawv.
- TIL-cells - kuaj mob pab kom tau cov hlwb no los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav lossis metastases, tom qab ntawd lawv tau loj hlob thiab ua tiav raws li ib txoj cai.
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav - lawv muab los ntawm tus neeg mob cov qog uas twb muaj lawm. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob qog noj ntshav nws tus kheej yog siv, uas yog deprived ntawm lub peev xwm los multiply, los yog cov qog antigen, uas, thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, stimulates zus tau tej cov antitumor antibodies. Tam sim no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv dav tshaj plaws yog qhov kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov npe tshuaj tsis xaus ntawm no, muaj lwm tus, tab sis tsawg dua. tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ib leeg, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev kho mob thiab xov tooj cua.
Tom qab lawv, cov hlwb atypical yuav tsis muaj zog, yog li lawv yuav yooj yim rau nruab nrab. Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem kov yeej mob qog noj ntshav. Metastases yuav tsis kis thoob plaws hauv lub cev.
Vim li ntawd, koob tshuaj tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem txo qis. Thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj tshuaj lom, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj, tsis zoo li kev kho tshuaj khomob. Lawv tsis muaj contraindications.
Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav
Raws li tau hais lawm, hauv txhua daim ntawv thiab theemTej zaum yuav siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev kho hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ua rau muaj ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim thiab nyuaj rau zam. Qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem nrog immunotherapy. Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub tsim cov tshuaj tshiab, uas tau muab faib ua pawg. Xav txog seb cov tshuaj twg tuaj yeem raug sau rau ntau yam mob qog noj ntshav:
- Rau mob ntsws cancer - Patritumab, Bavituximab, Rilotumumab.
- Rau raum mob cancer - tshuaj MPDL3280A, tshuaj CT-011, Nivolumab.
- Kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv prostate - PROSTVAC-VF, Sipuleucel-T, Ipilimumab, GVAX tshuaj tiv thaiv, ProstAtak.
- Rau mob plab - tshuaj SU11248. Mob qog noj ntshav gastric teb tshwj xeeb zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob immunotherapy qhov twg?
Immunotherapy tau dhau los ua thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov kws kho mob nyiam siv lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ntau.
Tab sis txoj kev no tseem hluas heev hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Tsuas yog kaum xyoo dhau los nws tau siv ntau tshaj plaws. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav tau tsim tau zoo.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj nyob hauv txhua lub tsev kho mob niaj hnub thoob ntiaj teb. Tab sis feem ntau nws tsuas yog kev kho mob xwb. Kev kho hluav taws xob, kws khomob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab sau ua ke.
Cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev mob qog noj ntshav.
Txoj kev no yog qhov tshwj xeeb, yog li cov chaw kho mob zoo tshaj plaws tau nce siab los siv nws hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, qhov kev coj ua no kuj muaj ntau. Lub peev yog tus thawj coj hauv kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Muaj ib lub tsev kho mob rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tebchaws Israel
Ntau tus neeg xav mus rau Israeli chaw kho mob kom kho mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog vim muaj coob tus neeg rov qab los. Cov txheej txheem tshiab, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua kom qhov no ua tau.
Cov kws tshawb fawb Israel tab tom tsim tshuaj tshiab ntau dua, cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws pab lawv.
Ntau tshaj ntawm lawv yog cov hauv qab no:
- TIL-cells.
- Ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Lawv kuj siv tau los tiv thaiv.
- Killer cells.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig, tshwj xeeb yog lawv:
- kho mob qog noj ntshav prostate.
- Kho mob qog noj ntshav metastatic.
- Kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav.
Israeli cov tsev kho mob muaj nyob rau hauv Tshuag txhua yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob - ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Muaj rau txhua tus, kev xaiv yog ua los ntawm tus kheej, tab sis nrog cov xwm txheej uas nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau tus neeg mob.
Melanoma kho tau zoo heev ntawm no, vim TIL cell kho nrog tshuaj. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias daim ntawv metastatic ntawm melanoma yog kho tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cev yog ib txhij ntxuav cov co toxins, cytokines tau qhia. Prostate cancer thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj zoo sib xws. Ua ntej, cov qog raug phais tshem tawm, tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
cov tshuaj tshiab tau nkag mus rau hauv chaw kho mob tas likev sim, raws li qhia hauv xov xwm.
Tus nqi kho mob qog noj ntshav ntau npaum li cas? Immunotherapy ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer yog ib txoj kev kho mob kim, vim tias tau txais cov tshuaj lom neeg lom zem heev.
Tsis tas li, kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim cov noob caj noob ces thiab cov tshuaj molecular chemistry yog siv hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam tshuaj los ntawm arsenal ntawm oncology yog koom nyob rau hauv kev kho mob. Lawv raug xaiv ib leeg.
Ib chav kawm immunotherapy nqi npaum li cas? Tus nqi ntawm kev kho mob ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov tshuaj koom nrog hauv nws thiab lawv cov nqi. Nws kuj tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no ntawm tus kab mob:
- hom qog;
- tumor stage;
- prevalence;
- qib kev phem.
Tsuas yog hais txog tus neeg tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas yuav siv zog thiab nyiaj txiag. Nws nyuaj rau lub cev, thiab kev coj ncaj ncees, thiab nyiaj txiag. Koj yuav tsum ua siab ntev tiv thaiv tus kab mob no.
