Headache yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg laus. Nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Kev mob taub hau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kab mob, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm huab cua, huab cua siab, kev ntxhov siab, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ua rau ntawm cov tsos mob no yog txhua yam intoxication (inflammatory pathologies, lom, kab mob), kab mob neurological, raug mob, migraine. Tib neeg feem ntau tsis mob taub hau, siv rau nws thiab xav tias nws tsis txaus ntshai. Qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Hauv qee lub sijhawm, cov tsos mob no hnyav heev. Nws yuav qhia tau hais tias, piv txwv li, ib tug pathology xws li intracranial hematoma. Feem ntau, nws qhov tsos yog txuam nrog kev raug mob taub hau. Tab sis muaj lwm yam laj thawj rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Dab tsi yog intracranial hematoma?
Cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim nrog intracranial hematoma tshwm sim los ntawm compression ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm cov ntshav. Sab laug tsis kho, kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov cim qhiapathologies tshwm sim maj mam.
Yog li, dab tsi yog hematoma hauv pob txha taub hau? Vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj, hemorrhage los ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub taub hau tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, ib tug thiaj li hu ua bruise nyob rau hauv lub meninges yog tsim - ib tug hematoma. Tsis zoo li hemorrhages hauv cov nqaij mos thiab tawv nqaij, nws daws tau qeeb heev. Tsuas yog me me hematomas tuaj yeem ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej. Rau nruab nrab thiab loj hemorrhages, kev phais yog tsim nyog.
YCas of hematoma
Koj yuav tsum paub tias hematomas hauv daim nyias nyias lossis cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab kev raug mob. Feem ntau, kev sib tsoo muaj zog ntawm cov tawv tawv (pem teb, phab ntsa, dej khov), kev sib tsoo tsheb ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm hemorrhage. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho intracranial traumatic hematomas nce ntau. Qhov no yog vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas nyob hauv lub hlwb thiab nws cov membranes.
Tab sis qee zaum, intracranial hematoma yog tsim txawm tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog vim lub rupture ntawm aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Xws li tus kab mob tuaj yeem yog congenital (malformation) lossis kis tau. Ib qho aneurysm yog tsim los ntawm kev kho tsis tau kho arterial hypertension.
Lwm qhov ua rau intracranial hematoma yog qog ntawm lub hlwb lossis nws daim nyias nyias. Ob qho tib si benign neoplasms thiab cov txheej txheem oncological ua rau hemorrhage.
Kev loj hlob ntawm hematoma tseem txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kab mob atherosclerotic ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb, cov kab mob sib kis, mob stroke lossis ntu ntu ischemic nres, mob angioedema. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hemorrhage yog nce ntxiv rau cov neeg laus, cov neeg haus luam yeeb, cov neeg mob ntshav siab thiab rog rog.
Ntau yam ntawm intracranial hematomas
Nyob ntawm qhov loj, me, nruab nrab thiab loj hematomas txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, intracranial hemorrhages raug cais raws li chav kawm thiab hauv zos.
Me me hematoma ntim tsawg dua 50 ml. Qee zaum, lawv daws lawv tus kheej. Yog hais tias qhov ntim ntawm hemorrhage yog los ntawm 50 mus rau 100 ml, ces nws yog hu ua qhov nruab nrab hematoma. Lawv xav tau kev kho mob phais. Hematoma loj dua 150 ml tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Raws li chav kho mob, 3 hom hemorrhages yog qhov txawv. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob intracranial hematoma raug kuaj pom tsis pub dhau 3 hnub txij li lub sijhawm nws tsim. Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Subacute hematomas raug kuaj pom hauv 3 lub lis piam. Lub deterioration ntawm tus mob tshwm sim maj mam. Cov hemorrhages ua rau lawv tus kheej hnov tom qab 3 lub lis piam txij thaum lawv tsim.
Cov kab mob hauv qab no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw:
- YEpidural intracranial hematoma. Nws yog tsim thaum ib qho hlab ntsha nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub npoo ntawm dura mater thiab pob txha taub hau puas.
- Subdural hematoma. Lub hauv paus los ntshav yog cov hlab ntsha uas txuas cov khoom ntawm lub hlwblub paj hlwb nrog dural sinuses. Feem ntau nws muaj chav kawm subacute.
- Intracerebral hematoma. Xws li ib tug hemorrhage yog heev txaus ntshai. Nws tsim los ntawm impregnation ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov hemorrhage no tuaj yeem ua rau puas hlwb puas tsuaj mus tas li.
- Intracranial hematoma ntawm lub paj hlwb qia. Hom hemorrhage no ua rau tuag taus.
- Diapedetic hematomas. Txhim kho vim nce permeability ntawm lub hlwb hlab ntsha.
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw ntawm hemorrhage, daim duab kho mob ntawm hematomas yuav txawv. Raws li qhov no, cov kev kho mob raug xaiv.
kho mob daim duab ntawm pathology
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab tias qhov intracranial hematoma tau tsim? Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology nyob ntawm seb hom hemorrhage. Yog li, cov tsos mob ntawm epidural hematoma muaj xws li mob taub hau, convulsive syndrome, tsis nco qab thiab tsaug zog. Hauv kev kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv rau lub teeb, anisocoria tau sau tseg. Tom qab ntawd, tuag tes tuag taw ntawm caj npab koom. Cov cim qhia ntawm intracranial hematoma raug kuaj pom tsis pub dhau ob peb teev lossis hnub txij li lub sijhawm muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov tsos mob tshwm sim sai dua.
Subdural hematoma yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm daim duab kho mob hauv qab no:
- mob taub hau prevails;
- xeev siab thiab ntuav yam tsis tau nyem;
- meningeal paib;
- qee zaum qaug dab peg.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb zoo ib yam. Tsis zoo li cov tsos mobsubdural hematoma, qhov mob npog ib sab ntawm lub taub hau, tsis nco qab tau sau tseg. Intracerebral hemorrhage feem ntau ua rau limb tuag tes tuag taw.
Diapedetic hematomas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev mob taub hau. Lawv yog cov nyuaj tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas, vim lawv me.
Kev kuaj mob hematoma hauv pob txha taub hau
Cov kab mob intracranial traumatic hematomas yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws los kuaj pom, zoo li feem ntau tib neeg nrhiav kev pab kho mob tom qab raug mob. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los txheeb xyuas cov hemorrhages uas tau tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob vascular. Cov kev kuaj mob muaj xws li:
- Computed tomography ntawm lub hlwb.
- X-ray ntawm pob txha taub hau.
- Magnetic resonance imaging.
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev kuaj mob sib txawv ntawm kev mob taub hau, ultrasound ntawm cov hlab ntsha nrog Dopplerography, EEG, echoencephalography yog ua.
Txoj kev kho tus kab mob
Kev kho mob ntawm intracranial hematomas yog ua los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thaum tsis muaj teeb meem thiab qhov me me ntawm cov hemorrhage, tus kws kho mob tsuas yog saib xyuas tus neeg mob tus mob. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob hauv tsev kho mob thiab saib xyuas lub txaj so. Yog tias hematoma tsis daws nws tus kheej, sau cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav siab. Kev kho mob kuj tseem ua tau. Tshuaj "Relanium", "Furosemide", "Ketonal"
Ua haujlwm ua haujlwmkev cuam tshuam
Feem ntau, kev phais tshem tawm ntawm intracranial hematoma yog qhia. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev khiav tawm ntawm cov ntshav. Rau lub hom phiaj no, hom kev phais hauv qab no tau ua:
- YOsteoplastic trepanation. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua ib lub qhov me me hauv pob txha taub hau thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav txhaws nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev.
- Stereotactic cuam tshuam. Cov ntshav raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov kab noj hniav hauv cranial siv lub cannula tshwj xeeb.
- Puncture-aspiration tshem tawm ntawm hematoma. Xws li muab ib lub catheter nyias.
Tus kws kho mob neurosurgeon xaiv txoj kev kho mob phais, nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov ntshav, comorbidities thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob.
Intracranial hematoma: qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm hematoma suav nrog xws li kev kho mob tshwm sim raws li kev mob ntshav qab zib, amnesia, mob taub hau thiab tsis muaj zog. Cov tsos mob no yuav kav ntev li ob peb lub hlis. Yog li ntawd, kev kho dua tshiab yuav siv li ntawm rau lub hlis. Yog tias kev phais tsis tau ua tiav raws sijhawm, hematoma tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw, cerebral edema thiab tuag.
