Yog tus neeg tsis hnov lossis hnov tsis zoo, ces lub neej yuav nyuaj, tshwj xeeb yog menyuam yaus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov me nyuam kom hnov, paub lub suab ntawm xwm thiab hais lus. Cov me nyuam tus kws kho mob ENT yuav pab daws cov teeb meem zoo sib xws. Nws tuaj yeem sau cov tshuaj noj lossis sau lwm yam kev kho mob. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo tshwj xeeb mloog pob ntseg rau cov me nyuam. Yog tsis hnov lus, tus me nyuam yuav loj hlob tsis tau.
Tseem tsim nyog hais tias cov me nyuam lag ntseg thiab tsis hnov lus feem ntau yog yug los ntawm cov niam txiv uas tsis muaj teeb meem li no. Rau cov tsev neeg no, qhov tuaj txog ntawm tus me nyuam no tuaj yeem ua rau xav tsis thoob.
hais lus
Kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam tsis hnov lus nyob ntawm ntau yam:
- Kev tsis hnov lus. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov phem nws hnov, nws hais lus phem.
- Los ntawm lub sijhawm tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Yog hais tias tsis hnov lus tshwm sim tom qab peb xyoos, tus me nyuam yuav tsim phrasal hais lus, tab sis nrog rau ib co me me deviations nyob rau hauv lub grammatical qauv,kev hais lus. Yog hais tias qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv, ces qhov yuam kev feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub slurred pronunciation ntawm unstressed syllables, nyob rau hauv stunning ntawm voiced consonants, thiab lwm yam.
- Los ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tus menyuam loj hlob.
- Los ntawm lub siab thiab lub cev ntawm tus menyuam.
Tus qauv grammatical ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov menyuam tsis hnov lus tsis raug tsim los rau qib uas xav tau.
txhais li cas los ntawm "kev kawm yam ntxwv" hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem zoo sib xws?
Txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo rau tus menyuam no yuav yog lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam tsis hnov lus. Qhov poob ntawm qhov peev xwm no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus kev txawj ntse (xav) thiab kev paub lus (lus). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lwm yam kab mob ua ke nrog kev hnov lus tsis zoo yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv ntxiv hauv kev kawm. Cov me nyuam tsis hnov lus thiab lag ntseg feem ntau muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev kawm, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm. Feem ntau ntawm lwm yam kev xiam oob khab ntxiv rau qhov tsis hnov lus yog li peb zaug siab dua (30.2%) ntawm cov neeg lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus.
Ua rau menyuam tsis hnov lus
Vim li cas me nyuam thiaj hnov tsis hnov lus? Raws li menyuam yaus tus kws kho mob ENT hais, qhov kev sib txawv no tuaj yeem ua rau:
- niam rubella (2%),
- prematurity (5%),
- cytomegalovirus (1%),
- meningitis (9%).
Nws yog qhov xav tau los xav tias cov pej xeem uas muaj teeb meem hnov lus muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntxiv. vim, ascov etiologies yav dhau los kuj paub tias muaj feem xyuam nrog cov teeb meem neurological.
Disability
Hom kev xiam oob khab ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov menyuam yaus uas lag ntseg lossis hnov lus tsis zoo yog qhov tsis taus ntawm kev puas hlwb thiab kev xav / kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tshwm sim los ntawm kev hnov lus tsis zoo yog yuav luag 8%. Kev tsis taus ntawm kev xav/kev coj cwj pwm yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm 4% ntawm cov neeg mob. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj kev nyuaj siab/kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yog yam uas qhia tsis tsim nyog, cuam tshuam, tus cwj pwm ua phem uas cuam tshuam rau txoj kev kawm.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis hnov lus thiab xiam oob khab kev txawj ntse yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb hauv txhua qhov chaw. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm daws tau cov teeb meem tsawg, txo kev yoog raws lossis kev txawj ua haujlwm. Cov menyuam yaus uas xiam oob qhab vim tsis hnov lus yuav muaj qhov nruab nrab lossis siab dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev txawj ntse. Lawv ua kom pom kev txawj ntse thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, qhia qee qhov kev kawm tsis taus uas txwv lawv qhov kev ua tiav. Lawv muaj tus cwj pwm txawv txawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm no tsis tau kawm tiav kev kawm, piv rau cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm kev kawm tswv yim pom ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus.
Cov teeb meem kev kawm ntxiv tau txheeb xyuas li cas rau cov menyuam tshwj xeeb?
Kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev kawm ntxiv hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis hnov lusyog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Ib feem ntawm qhov nyuaj yog los ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus nws tus kheej tsim teeb meem kev kawm, uas feem ntau ua rau qeeb ntawm kev nkag siab lus thiab, vim li ntawd, hauv kev kawm txuj ci. Yog li, kev txheeb xyuas lwm yam tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov teeb meem nyuaj. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas muaj txiaj ntsig uas siv cov pab pawg sib tham yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo ntxiv rau cov menyuam lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj xav txog tias cov yam ntxwv uas tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev xiam oob qhab feem ntau yog tib yam.
Leej twg yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog menyuam?
Kev tsis muaj kev qhia lus tas mus li, kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis kev xav tsis zoo, tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, teeb meem kev sib koom tes, thiab kev tsis taus kawm tag nrho siv rau cov menyuam yaus tsis hnov lus. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv qab no feem ntau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus: cov kws kho mob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kws kho mob lub cev, kws kho mob thiab cov kws kho mob tsim nyog (cov kws saib xyuas mob, kws kho mob hlwb, thiab lwm yam). Pab neeg ntawm cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tib zoo txhais raws li cov lus pom zoo thiab cov lus pom zoo rau txoj haujlwm kev kawm.
Kuv yuav nug dab tsi thaum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav xa tus menyuam mus kuaj?
Tus menyuam kawm ntawv lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus thiab puas hnov lus tsis zoo? Qhov no yuav tsum yog thawj lo lus nug thaum xav txog qib rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj teeb meem zoo sib xws. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia txog qhov tsis muaj kev kawm lus thiabKev kawm tau zoo feem ntau pom hauv cov neeg lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus. Muab lub sijhawm los kawm los ntawm kev sib txuas lus tsim nyog thiab ua tau zoo, tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj cov kab mob no yuav tsum tau ua tiav hauv cov qauv kev loj hlob thiab kev ua tiav. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, yuav tsum nug cov lus nug txog vim li cas.
Kev poob peev xwm no ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau kev kawm ntawm cov me nyuam tsis hnov lus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag ntseg nws tus kheej tsis yog ib txwm nrog cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- kev xav tsis txaus;
- kev nkag siab-lub cev muaj zog;
- tsis ua tiav cov lus nthuav dav;
- Teeb meem nco tsis tu ncua lossis tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam thaum cuam tshuam lossis cuam tshuam kev xav.
Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov cwj pwm no ua rau tus menyuam lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus, yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem no.
Cov tswv yim dav dav siv los pab cov me nyuam tsis hnov lus yog dab tsi?
Nws nyuaj heev los txhais cov tswv yim dav dav rau cov tub ntxhais kawm no. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias txhua tus neeg kawm profile yuav txawv, nyob ntawm tus naj npawb thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntau yam cuam tshuam. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm siv los nrhiav "kev kho" cov tswv yim, cov kws tshaj lij tau ntseeg tias txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis hnov lus yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv daim teb no kom phim qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev cob qhia profile nrog rau qhov sib xwscov tswv yim kev kawm los daws cov teeb meem uas raug txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau, qee cov tswv yim yuav pab tau.
Cia peb saib lawv:
- Cov tswv yim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem kev kawm ntxiv uas suav nrog cov lus tsis txaus siab hnyav thiab kev paub yooj yim syntax. Qhov no kuj suav nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog cov duab thiab cov cim duab los txhawb kev hais lus yuav pab tau.
- Kev kawm rau cov menyuam lag ntseg feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua suab lossis kev nkag siab. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas xiam oob qhab yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau txoj kev kho qhov ncauj uas siv los txhim kho lawv cov kev txawj mloog. Cov cwj pwm uas suav nrog cov kev xaiv uas tau hais tseg yuav ua tau zoo. Kev hais txog kev xav ntawm lub siab los ntawm qhov kev kawm thiab kev sab laj tus kheej lossis pab pawg thaum xav tau kuj tseem yuav ua haujlwm.
Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho chav kawm?
Tswv yim los pab txhim kho kev kawm hauv chav kawm:
- Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yuav tsum yog qhov pom kev pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Kev pom kev pom los ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov tsis hnov lus txhais tau tias yog kev tsim lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm thawj qhov kev qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm. Tom qab ntawd tus menyuam muaj lub tswv yim zoo txog yam uas tau tham hauv chav kawm. Tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem txav mus rau ntau lub tswv yim paub daws teeb ntawm lub ncauj lus. Ntau tus menyuam muaj kev tsis taus pom tias nws nyuaj rau nco qab cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sijhawm kawm. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum "ua kom pom cov lus"kom cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj teeb meem tsis hnov lus pom cov khoom zoo. Thaum cov kws qhia ntawv nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv pom qhov muag, cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav nco qab cov ntaub ntawv kawm tau zoo dua thiab lawv cov qib tuav tau zoo dua qub.
- Vocabulary replenishment. Yuav kom cov me nyuam tsis hnov lus to taub cov lus tshiab, cov lus yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Kev saib xyuas ntau dua rau qhov no, ntau lub sijhawm muaj rau kev nco thiab siv cov lus kom tsim nyog. Txhawm rau kom tus menyuam nco qab cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau lub ntsiab lus. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam feem ntau cov tswv yim txoj kev. Yuav kom kawm tau ib lo lus tshiab, tus menyuam yuav tsum xub kawm cov ntsiab lus uas nws siv. Thaum nco txog qhov no, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem pib siv lo lus hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej txhua hnub. Cov menyuam yaus tsis hnov lus yuav muaj lub sijhawm yooj yim nco qab cov lus uas tau siv ntau zaus hauv ib hnub.
