Dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance?

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance?
Dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance?

Video: Dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance?

Video: Dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance?
Video: Maiv Xis Xyooj Khaus Pim | Tub Siab Loj Xa Lus Rau Maiv Xis Xyooj 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Mucociliary clearance yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev tiv thaiv mechanism ntawm peb cov kab mob ua pa. Qhov kev thauj cov mucus no muaj peev xwm tshem tau peb txoj hauv kev ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws thiab cov kab mob. Ib phau ntawv kawm los ntawm Krishtafovich A. A. thiab Ariel B. M. "X-ray kev ua haujlwm ntawm mucociliary clearance" tau luam tawm rau lub ncauj lus no.

mucociliary tshem tawm
mucociliary tshem tawm

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav txiav txim siab seb lub npe txheej txheem yog dab tsi, nws nyob ntawm seb nws tau kawm li cas. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub seb yuav ua li cas cov hnoos qeev tawm mus rau hauv tib neeg txoj kev ua pa.

Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi?

Txhua hnub, ntau tshaj 15,000 litres cua nkag rau hauv peb lub ntsws (tso txaus rau 1,600 balloons). Thiab txawm tias nyob hauv qhov chaw huv tshaj plaws, feem ntau tsis tau kov, peb tseem ua pa ntawm ib puas kab mob txhua feeb, uas yog ntau tshaj 150,000 cov pa phem ib hnub. Yog tias tso tseg, lawv tuaj yeem kis tau thiab ua rau peb lub ntsws tag nrho.

Tab sis cov kab mob txawv teb chaws no ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov mucous nplaum heevkab mob ua pa. Uas hloov cov khoom ntes tsis zoo rau lub larynx. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua mucociliary clearance. Txog tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho nws lub cev, yog li kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus. Cia wb mus saib qhov txheej txheem no.

Yog li, dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance?

mucociliary clearance nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
mucociliary clearance nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm txoj hlab pa ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hnoos qeev hloov mus kom tshem tawm cov kab mob ua pa ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws yog tswj los ntawm ciliary apparatus ntawm bronchi. Cilia yog cov qauv me me, zoo li lub tsev pheeb suab, txog 1,000 npaug ntawm txoj kab uas hla me dua li tib neeg cov plaub hau. Lawv squirm nyob rau hauv lub asymmetrical atherosclerosis.

Los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov duab hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, cov qauv no tau pom los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov hlwb epithelial uas ntom ntom ntawm txoj hlab pa. Lawv da dej hauv cov kua dej hu ua pericilium.

Thaum lub sijhawm cuam tshuam, cilia ncaj qha thiab tso lawv cov saum rau hauv cov hnoos qeev, tom qab ntawd lawv thawb nws nrog rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws adhering rau nws. Cov qauv muaj npe, raws li txoj cai, tsim ib qho kev txav mus los ntawm cov hnoos qeev los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

Lub cilia ntawm ciliated cell muaj ob theem txav: thawj zaug muaj kev tawm tsam sai, thiab tom qab ntawd qeeb rov qab txav raws li. Cov txheej txheem tseeb uas cov hnoos qeev txav tseem tsis tau meej thiab tam sim no yog qhov kev tshawb fawb hnyav.

Los ntawmDab tsi txiav txim siab txoj kev txav ntawm cov hnoos qeev?

Kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm cilia ntawm cov mucous txheej yog zoo heev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsws:

  • yog cov txheej txheem tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov tsis zoo turbinate, ces cov hnoos qeev txav mus rau qhov nkag mus rau qhov ntswg;
  • yog tias nws tshwm sim tom qab qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, ces cov hnoos qeev txav mus rau ntawm oropharynx;
  • los ntawm trochea thiab bronchi, txheej mucosal kuj txav mus rau oropharynx.
los ntawm kev txhim kho mucociliary clearance
los ntawm kev txhim kho mucociliary clearance

Dab tsi yog qhov epithelium ntawm txoj hlab pa?

Cov ntaub so ntswg npog cov kab mob ua pa yog ntau kab ciliated epithelium. Nws muaj ciliated (80%), goblet, mucus-ua, thiab undifferentiated hlwb. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov hlwb no yuav tsum tau hloov kho txhua lub hlis.

Txhua lub cell ciliated ntawm nws qhov chaw muaj txog 200 cilia ntawm qhov me me (0.2 microns hauv tuab thiab 5-7 microns ntev). Tab sis txawm hais tias me me, cilia muaj peev xwm txav tau cov mucous txheej ntawm qhov nrawm mus txog 0.5 mm / sec.

Cov qauv ntawm cilia yog thawj tus cwj pwm los ntawm Fossett thiab Porter hauv xyoo 1954 los ntawm kev soj ntsuam hluav taws xob tsom. Raws li nws muab tawm, cov formations yog outgrowths ntawm lub cell. Hauv lawv qhov chaw nruab nrab yog axoneme, uas muaj 9 doublets ntawm microtubules. Thiab hauv nws qhov chaw muaj ob lub microtubules ntxiv (9 + 2). Raws li tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm microtubules, muaj cov dynein sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas tsim nyog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm ATP raumechanical zog.

X-ray functional yam ntxwv ntawm mucociliary clearance
X-ray functional yam ntxwv ntawm mucociliary clearance

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm mucociliary tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cilia, tab sis kuj yog lawv qhov sib tw zaus (BFR). Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, hauv cov neeg laus nws yog 3-15.5 Hz, hauv cov menyuam yaus, NBR yog los ntawm 9 txog 15 Hz.

Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus kws sau ntawv hais tias qhov ntsuas no tsis nyob ntawm hnub nyoog. Nws tsuas yog hais tias NBR nyob rau hauv lub peripheral airways qis dua, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub trachea, qhov ntswg kab noj hniav thiab bronchi. Kev txo qis hauv qhov kub tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm cilia. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sim, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cilia tau txav mus los ntawm qhov kub ntawm 37 ° C.

Yuav ua li cas ua txhaum cai?

Impaired mucociliary clearance yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau txoj hlab pa mucosal tiv thaiv mechanism. Cov no suav nrog ob qho tib si congenital (thawj ciliary dyskinesia) thiab kis tau tus kab mob (vim kab mob). Xws li kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua tiav ntawm cilia txav lossis txo qis hauv NBR.

Kev Tshawb Fawb

Txog hnub no, nws tuaj yeem kawm txog lub xeev ntawm mucociliary clearance (nws yog dab tsi, peb tau piav qhia) los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov no suav nrog:

  • charcoal test;
  • saccharin test;
  • radioaerosol method;
  • test nrog cov xim polymer films.

Scraping los ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias kuj tso cai rau koj mus kawm ncaj qha rau lub cev muaj zog kev ua ntawm lub ciliated epithelium.

mucociliary clearance yog
mucociliary clearance yog

Cov qauv yooj yim ntawm ciliated epithelium tuaj yeem tau los ntawm qhov ntswg mucosa. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem nqa nrog txhuam cytological, tab sis nws yooj yim dua los ua kom khawb nrog ib rab diav tshwj xeeb pov tseg. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm tau txais cov khoom los ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yam tsis muaj tshuaj loog.

Lub xeev ntawm ciliated epithelium muaj nuj nqi yog ntsuas los ntawm cov hauv qab no algorithm:

  • thawj zaug tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov duab ntawm kev txav ntawm cilia: muaj pes tsawg lub cell nyob hauv qhov pom;
  • tom ntej, qhov nruab nrab thiab siab tshaj NBR raug suav;
  • ces soj ntsuam cov synchronism thiab amplitude ntawm cilia zog;
  • tom qab ntawd, ua tsaug rau cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxiv yog ua tiav (tus naj npawb ntawm cilia ib lub xovtooj, lawv qhov ntev, lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab lwm yam).

Qee lub sijhawm kuaj saccharin tiav. Ua li no, ib ntsiav tshuaj ntawm cov zaub mov saccharin yuav tsum tau muab faib ua plaub ntu thiab muab cov khoom sib npaug. Ib daim ntawm saccharin yog muab tso rau ntawm inferior turbinate nrog ib tug cm indent los ntawm lub anterior kawg. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas lub sij hawm ua ntej cov tsos ntawm ib tug qab zib hnov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tus qauv raug suav tias yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 15 feeb.

dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance
dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance

Tsis ntev los no tau them nyiaj ntau rau txoj kev tshawb fawb radioaerosol. Nws tso cai rau siv lub koob yees duab tshwj xeeb gamma los soj ntsuam kev sib kis thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj radiopharmaceutical, uas yog pre-inhaled.

Txoj kev muaj npe tso cai rau koj kom txauskom characterize lub xeev ntawm clearance nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsws. Tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum vim tsis muaj lub chaw soj nstuam tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb inhalation chav tsev, aerosols thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm cob qhia. Tag nrho cov no xav tau cov nqi nyiaj txiag loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab tias hluav taws xob raug cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev.

Kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam

Dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance hauv me nyuam? Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias feem ntau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob hawb pob bronchial thiab allergic rhinitis muaj lub sijhawm saccharin ib txwm muaj, thiab qee zaum txawm tias nrawm dua. Qhov nruab nrab yog 6 feeb.

Qhov nruab nrab FRR hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob hawb pob yog 6-7 Hz, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog li 10 Hz. Kev sib piv ntawm cov cim qhia hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob hawb pob bronchial ntawm qhov mob me lossis nruab nrab ntawm tus kab mob tsis pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb.

dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance
dab tsi yog mucociliary clearance

Tshawb nrhiav mucociliary clearance (peb piav qhia qhov tshwm sim no) hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob bronchopulmonary pathology, nws tau pom tias lub xeev ntawm MCT nyob ntawm qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm bronchial, nrog rau cov kab mob o: mob lossis mob ntev.

Yog li, kev kawm lub xeev ntawm kev tshem tawm tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov muaj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm mucociliary insufficiency. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws pab xaiv txoj kev kho mob kom txaus, thiab thaum kawg txhawm rau ntsuas kev txhim kho hauv mucociliary clearance los ntawm kev xaiv txoj kev kho.

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