Pathological puas rau lub hlwb vim kev tuag ntawm paj hlwb hu ua encephalopathy. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj oxygen hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub hlwb thiab ua rau cov ntshav tsis txaus. Qhov no pathology tsis yog ib qho kab mob sib cais. Nws suav nrog ntau hom. Kab lus hais txog qhov ua rau, cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob encephalopathy. Peb kuj tseem yuav tham txog kev kho mob ntawm ntau hom kab mob ntsig txog lub tswv yim prefabricated no.
Types of encephalopathy
Muaj ntau hom kab mob no:
- mob ntshav siab;
- nce vascular leukoencephalopathy nrog thiab tsis muaj ntshav siab;
- same multifocal;
- discirculatory;
- tshuaj lom;
- Wernicke.
Ntau yam kawg tshwm sim nrog rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj vim tsis muaj vitamin B1.
Cov hom encephalopathy tau tham hauv qab no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Residual view
Nws tagged astsis tu ncua neurological tsis txaus, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov kab mob lossis ntau yam pathological. Hom cerebral encephalopathy no muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- kev puas hlwb;
- faus;
- txo qis hauv kev txawj ntse;
- kev txawj ntse;
- fainting;
- Yvegetovascular dystonia;
- pyramidal reflex insufficiency;
- paresis;
- mob taub hau.
Ntau zaus, hauv kev kuaj mob, nws tsis meej pem nrog kev mob hlwb, sau tshuaj kho mob.
Hom kab mob encephalopathy no kuj tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Nws cov laj thawj hauv qhov no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- kev hloov pauv hloov pauv;
- congenital hlwb anomalies;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- -yug menyuam thiab doog;
- ischemic, neonatal hypoxic, perinatal hlwb mob.
Qhov phom sij ntawm tus kab mob nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tias thawj cov tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntxov, thiab cov kab mob nws tus kheej yuav tshwm sim hauv ob peb xyoos.
Alcoholic encephalopathy
Qhov no yog ib hom kev puas siab puas ntsws loj, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau theem peb ntawm kev haus dej cawv. Hom encephalopathy no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Raws li lub npe no, ntau yam kab mob uas zoo sib xws etiology thiab cov duab kho mob tau ua ke. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, muaj cov tsos mob somatic thiab neurological.kev tshwm sim. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem mob thiab mob ntev. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj hom kev hloov pauv. Feem ntau, cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no puas tau hloov cawv.
Discirculatory (vascular) encephalopathy
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj cov organic lesion ntawm lub paj hlwb uas tsis yog-inflammatory, uas tshwm sim vim circulatory tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws qhov tshwm sim yog raws li hauv qab no:
- pathology ntawm cerebral hlab ntsha;
- mob thiab qog;
- kab mob.
Raws li etiology, cov nram qab no hom dyscirculatory encephalopathy yog qhov txawv:
- venous - muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb ua haujlwm vim edema, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntshav tawm;
- hypertensive - tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov, cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua tau zoo, thaum lub cim xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse raug cuam tshuam txog kev dementia tob;
- atherosclerotic - feem ntau daim ntawv nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb thaum tus kab mob nce mus;
- mixed - muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom thib ob thiab thib peb.
Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, hom mob hlwb encephalopathy no tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev qis (nce nrawm), rov ua dua, classic (qhib zuj zus).
Post Traumatic Encephalopathy
Nws tshwm sim vim mob hlwb nruab nrab lossis mob hnyav. Hom kab mob encephalopathy no nrog raucov kab mob xws li neuropsychological thiab kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo. Qhov no tau pom:
- tsis muaj kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm;
- kev tsis pom kev, nco;
- same with think.
Cov tsos mob no tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, tab sis tom qab ib lub sij hawm luv luv tom qab kho. Ib tug neeg pib pom tias nws tsis muaj kev txawj ntse thiab lub zog txaus los daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb.
Tus neeg mob qhia:
- neurological ntshawv siab;
- teeb meem kev sib deev;
- insomnia;
- qaug dab peg;
- kev ua phem ntau dhau.
Toxic encephalopathy
Nrog nws, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hlwb puas tsuaj uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev neurointoxication lossis mob hnyav nrog cov tshuaj lom neurotropic, uas hnyav heev.
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm hom mob encephalopathy, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tau sau tseg:
- pw tsis tsaug zog;
- kev qaug zog;
- faus;
- memory poob;
- kiv taub hau;
- mob taub hau.
Thaum asthenia tshwm sim diffuse cov tsos mob organic:
- ploj lossis tsis muaj zog ntawm daim tawv nqaij reflexes;
- anisoreflexia;
- siab tendon reflexes;
- slight hypomimia;
- language deviation;
- asymmetry ntawm lub ntsej muag innervation;
- reflexes ntawm qhov ncauj automatism.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev puas siab puas ntsws kuj tau sau tseg:
- qhia kev xavlability;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- kev ntxhov siab tsis txaus ntseeg;
- pab siab;
- reardation;
- slowness;
- txo qis hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev xav thiab nco.
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Nyob rau hauv tus kab mob no, muaj ib tug qeeb kev loj hlob ntawm focal thiab diffuse kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb, uas tshwm sim los ntawm impaired ntshav ncig vim lub sij hawm ntev tsis tswj arterial hypertension. Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob pathology tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cerebral atherosclerosis rau nws, uas ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Lwm yam ua ke kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha:
- smoking;
- lipid metabolism tsis meej;
- diabetes.
Muaj peb theem ntawm tus kab mob no. Ntawm thawj ntawm lawv muaj cov lus tsis txaus siab, thiab ntawm 2 thiab 3 kab mob paj hlwb tshwm sim:
- kev ua txhaum ntawm kev xav, kev txawj ntse, kev nco;
- extrapyramidal, manifested los ntawm slowness ntawm txav, nqaij rigidity, hypomimia, tshee ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab taub hau;
- pseudobulbar, uas muaj chob thaum nqos, hnyav quaj thiab luag, hais lus slurred;
- vestibulocerebellar, tshwm sim hauv kev tsis ruaj khov thaum taug kev, staggering, kiv taub hau.
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Tus mob no yog kev puas tsuaj thiab tshwm sim. Nws tshwm sim vimUa tsis taus pa oxygen rau lub hlwb vim ua pa tsis ua haujlwm lossis hypotension.
Nyob hauv qab no peb xav txog nws yog dab tsi - encephalopathy ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov ua rau muaj feem xyuam rau cov hom lus nug.
Nws hu ua:
- carbon monoxide lom, ua pa nyuaj siab thiab ua haujlwm hauv plawv;
- pathologies ua rau ua pa tsis ua haujlwm (kev mob vwm, mob thiab vascular txhab ntawm lub hlwb) lossis tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg ua pa, uas ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm;
- asphyxia pom thaum lub cev txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, nws tau nyem nrog lub qhov txhab phais lossis hemorrhage, aspiration ntawm cov ntshav lossis ntuav, strangulation, poob dej;
- mob khaub thuas thiab kis kab mob;
- mob plawv;
- ntshav ntshav nrog lub cev qhuav dej thiab poob siab, uas cov ntshav xa mus rau lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd ua pa;
- myocardial infarction.
YCirculatory encephalopathy
Nrog nws, muaj kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv hlwb thiab tsim cov pseudo-neurasthenic syndrome. Transient perinatal encephalopathy ua rau episodic circulatory disorders nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem:
- tawm tsam kab mob cerebrovascular;
- mob ntshav siab cerebral crises;
- kev tawm tsam ischemic.
Hypoxic encephalopathy
Raws li lub sijhawm no lawv muab cov pab pawg ntawm pathologies ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb thiab lub hlwb cuam tshuam nrog oxygentshaib plab tom kawg. Tej zaum lawv yuav tshwm sim vim muaj qee yam kab mob los yog tsis muaj cov khoom no nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig huab cua.
Cov tsos mob hauv qab no tau sau tseg:
- hyperexcitability;
- kiv taub hau;
- nce intracranial siab;
- mob taub hau;
- kev nco thiab pw tsis tsaug zog.
Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem:
- kev puas hlwb, suav nrog kev puas hlwb;
- Neuropathy;
- myelopathy;
- mob vwm;
- CP.
Cov encephalopathy seem uas tau tham ua ntej yog qhov txawv ntawm hom no.
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- paj hlwb hypoxia thiab kab mob hauv lub cev thaum yug menyuam;
- cephalohematomas vim kev yug me nyuam.
Nrog qhov tsis muaj oxygen ntau li 50% lossis ntau dua, qhov tshwm sim loj tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam.
Hom mob encephalopathy hauv menyuam yaus
Lawv tuaj yeem muaj tus kab mob no tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam, qhov twg nws hu ua perinotal, lossis thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua, feem ntau tom qab peb xyoos - seem.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cerebral encephalopathy nyob ntawm seb qhov ua rau nws ua rau nws. Cov me nyuam yug tshiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm hom kab mob hauv qab no:
- Wernicke's encephalopathy - kev tuag ntawm hlwb hlwb tshwm sim vim tsis muaj zaub mov ntawm lawv cov vitamins B;
- hypertensive - pom nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov qog adrenal thiab ob lub raum, nquag nce ntshav siab;
- tshuaj lom - tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thaum cov menyuam yug tshiab muaj mob jaundice, kab mob hemolytic thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm kev raug rau ntau yam kuab paug;
- me me focal leukoencephalopathy - lub hlwb hlwb raug cuam tshuam tom qab muaj mob encephalitis lossis meningitis;
- kev puas tsuaj - tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam;
- discirculatory - yog tsim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav tawm ntawm lub hlwb.
mob tuaj yeem yog vim ntau yam.
Yog vim li cas
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab yog:
- neuroinfections;
- nyuaj qhib qhov kwj dej yug;
- -Umbilical CORTsanglement;
- siab fetal hnyav;
- yug ntxov ntxov;
- kev cev xeeb tub;
- pathology thaum cev xeeb tub.
Acquired encephalopathy yog tshwm sim los ntawm:
- Yvegetovascular dystonia;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- Yischemia;
- siab tsis ua hauj lwm;
- tumors;
- mob hlwb raug mob;
- vascular hloov hauv lub hlwb;
- kev npam ntawm lub cev;
- kab mob.
Thaum yug los, ib tug me nyuam yuav muaj lub cev muaj zog uas tso cai rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb kom rov zoo sai, thaum lwm tus, vim muaj ntau yam teeb meem, tsis tso cai rau nws rov zoo li qub.
Symptoms
Hom mob encephalopathy thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv tau tham saum toj no. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Rau lawv nyob rau theem pibsuav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- kev tsis sib haum xeeb;
- kev sib cav;
- muaj cov kab mob pyramidal thiab qhov ncauj reflexes;
- nce tendon reflexes thiab leeg leeg;
- txo qhov hnov lus thiab pom qhov pom;
- nystagmus;
- chim siab, lub siab tsis ruaj khov, tsis muaj zog dav dav;
- tinnitus;
- mob taub hau;
- kev qaug zog;
- hnub sluggishness;
- pw tsis tsaug zog;
- nyuaj hloov cov dej num;
- txo qis hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, kev ua haujlwm puas hlwb.
Lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj encephalopathy nrog.
Nyob rau theem siab, cov kab mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim:
- pseudobulbar;
- Parkinsonian.
Qee tus neeg mob ntxhov siab. Nrog cerebral edema, microcirculation teeb meem loj, kev puas hlwb ntawm lub hlwb, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tshwm sim:
- staggering;
- kiv taub hau;
- tsis pom kev;
- xeev siab thiab ntuav;
- mob taub hau hnyav, nyob hauv thaj tsam feem ntau hauv cheeb tsam occipital;
- kev txhawj xeeb.
kawg yog hloov los ntawm lethargy thiab, tejzaum nws, huab ntawm kev nco qab.
Nyob rau hauv mob raum, mob pancreatic, hepatic encephalopathy, qaug dab peg thiab cuam tshuam ntawm kev nco qab tuaj yeem pom. Nrog exacerbation ntawm mob ntsws ntsws, infarctionCov kab mob zoo sib xws, pulmonary embolism, daim duab kho mob hauv qab no tau pom:
- qee zaum tshee;
- kev puas hlwb;
- paresis;
- nystagmus;
- xeev siab thiab ntuav;
- mob taub hau.
Cov tsos mob feem ntau ntawm encephalopathies yog:
- kev nyuaj siab;
- kiv taub hau;
- mob taub hau;
- tsis muaj kev pib;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev nco qab thiab kev nco.
Cov neeg mob feem ntau muaj kev qaug zog, pw tsaug zog tsis zoo, kua muag muag, cuam tshuam, chim siab, qaug zog. Thaum kuaj xyuas lawv, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev hais qee cov lus, kev pw tsaug zog nruab hnub, nqaim ntawm lub voj voog ntawm kev txaus siab thiab kev thuam, kev hais lus, viscosity ntawm kev xav, apathy tuaj yeem kuaj pom.
Diagnosis
Lub xeev ntawm kev nco, kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav tau raug kuaj xyuas, kev sim ua rau lub xeev puas siab puas ntsws. Ua ntej txiav txim siab kho encephalopathy, yuav tsum kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm pathology.
Cov kev sim hauv qab no tuaj yeem raug txiav txim kom kuaj pom:
- tshuaj ntsuam rau autoantibodies hauv cov kab mob hauv qab hauv daim ntawv ntawm dementia tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau cov neurons;
- encephalogram, EEG nrog lub hlwb tsis ua haujlwm;
- doppler ultrasound rau abscesses thiab txawv txav ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov ntaub so ntswg;
- MRI thiab CT rau kev kis kab mob, kev tsis sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb hlav;
- kev txiav txim siab ntawm creatinine txhawm rau kuaj lub raum ua haujlwm;
- tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom ntau ntau;
- metabolicKev ntsuam xyuas: tus nqi ntawm daim siab enzymes, qib ntawm ammonia thiab oxygen, lactic acid, qabzib, electrolytes hauv cov ntshav;
- txiav txim siab ntshav siab;
- kuaj ntshav dav dav (txhais lus ntawm kev kis kab mob).
Kev kho mob
Nrog cov kev kho mob, ntau zaus nws tsuas yog ua tau kom tus neeg mob tus mob me ntsis. Hauv qab no yog yuav ua li cas kho encephalopathy.
Kev kho mob nyuaj suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- adaptogens;
- nootropics;
- tshuaj uas txhim kho cerebral ncig.
Vitamins Vitamin
Ntxiv rau, siv txoj kev kho mob ntxiv.
Kev kho tus kab mob encephalopathy yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tsos mob thiab cov kab mob uas ua rau lub hlwb puas.
Yog muaj mob hnyav, siv cov hauv qab no:
- khoom noj khoom haus parenteral;
- hemodialysis;
- qhov cua;
- hemoperfusion.
Tseem muab cov tshuaj uas tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm qaug dab peg, txhim kho cerebral ncig, txo intracranial siab.
Khes muab:
- reflexology;
- ua pa ua pa;
- kho lub cev.
Cov hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias yuav kho cov kab mob cerebral encephalopathy li cas hauv lawv cov ntawv mob. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa lub neej yog siv:
- khoom noj khoom haus mus sij hawm ntev niam txiv;
- hemoperfusion;
- lub ntsws ua pa;
- hemodialysis;
- txo qis qaug dab peg;
- txo qis intracranialsiab.
Yav tom ntej, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg uas txhim kho lub hlwb metabolism:
- biostimulants: vitreous lub cev, aloe extract;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: "Pentoxifylline";
- folic thiab ascorbic acid;
- angioprotectors (yog tias tsim nyog): Sermion, Cavinton, Parmidin, Xanthinol nicotinate, Cinnarizine;
- tocopherol;
- vitamin A thiab pab pawg B;
- lipotropic compounds: "Lecithin", "Essentiale";
- amino acids: glutamic acid, methionine, alvesin, cerebrolysin;
- nootropic core: Piracetam, Pyriditol.
Tshuaj yog siv ua ke. Ib chav kawm yuav siv sijhawm li ib mus rau peb lub hlis. Kev phais kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntshav cerebral normalizes.
Qhov kev cia siab nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho mob tshwj xeeb, qib ntawm lub hlwb puas, cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm encephalopathy.
Nyob hauv kaw
Muaj ntau hom encephalopathy. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov ua rau thiab cov tsos mob. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau los yog kis tau. Thawj ntawm cov no feem ntau yog txuam nrog kev yug me nyuam. Qhov phom sij ntawm encephalopathy thiab nws hom yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv lub paj hlwb thiab lub hlwb, kev loj hlob ntawm qaug dab peg, lethargy, apathy, thiab vegetative vascular kab mob. Kev kuaj mob kom raug yog tsim nyog los muab kev kho mob txaus. Feem ntau, kev kho mob ua rautsuas yog txo cov tsos mob.
