Cov hniav yas muaj ntau qhov kev teeb tsa uas muab kev sib tsoo thiab zom cov khoom noj. Kev faib cov hniav mus rau hauv ntu yog siv los piav qhia txog kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw kho hniav thiab ntau yam txheej txheem pathological tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhua tus hniav. Sab saum toj dentition yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug semi-ellipse, lub qis - ib tug ellipse. Vim yog kev sib cuag ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog ib leeg, ib kab yog tsim. Cia peb saib cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav.
Tooth crown nto
Qhov chaw ze ntawm tus hniav yog qhov chaw nyob ib sab ntawm cov hniav uas nyob ib sab. Thiab nws tshwm sim hauv ib kab. Nws yog conditionally muab faib ua mesial, qhia rau nruab nrab ib feem ntawm cov hniav arch, thiab distal, nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Vestibularqhov saum npoo yog qhia rau lub vestibule ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Muaj ob hom subspecies: labial (nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej cov hniav, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim di ncauj), thiab buccal (tom qab, nyob ze ntawm lub puab tsaig).
Qhov chaw occlusal tsuas yog muaj rau premolars thiab molars. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov opposite dentition.
Lub lingual nto yog tig rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav ntawm tus nplaig. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv, nws yog hu ua palatine. Cov phab ntsa alveoli thiab cov hauv paus hniav coj mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj tau txais tib lub npe.
Txoj kev ntawm qhov chaw sib xws
Qhov chaw nyob ze kuj hu ua qhov chaw sib cuag. Qhov no yog qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov hniav nyob tom qab. Nws configuration cuam tshuam rau kev sib sau ntawm cov hniav, nws zoo nkauj tsos. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm interdental nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hniav, cov qauv ntawm cov ntug incisal thiab inclination ntawm cov hniav. Nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav uas nyob ib sab, qhov chaw me tshaj plaws yog tsim, thiab ntawm daim duab peb sab - dav. Kev sib cuag zoo ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag hauv cov hniav tso cai rau koj faib cov zom zom. Thaum nws ua txhaum, cov hniav txav mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia thaum zom.
Nuances of Dental arch aesthetics
Nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw kwv yees ntawm cov hniav uas nyob ib sab ntawm kab pem hauv ntej, muaj gingival papilla uas sau cov kab noj hniav hauv nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab cov hniav, papilla yog loj, thaum nyob rau hauv cov plaub hau plaub hau tej zaum yuav tsis tuaj vim lub ceev ceev ntawm cov phab ntsa. Papilla atrophy nyob rau hauv oval thiab triangular cov hniav ua rautsim ntawm ib tug dub khoob qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav. Qhov no pathology tsis yog kab mob. Koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav koj cov hniav kom huv si nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav. Qhov ze ze ntawm tus hniav yog qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob ntawm latent caries yav tom ntej nrog kev tu cev tsis zoo.
Kev txhim kho ntawm kwv yees kab mob
Cov kab mob me me ntawm thaj chaw tiv tauj tsis yog ib txwm kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj pom. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog kuaj xyuas lawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm molars thiab premolars los ntawm kev tshawb fawb classical. Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm qhov pib ntawm pathology yog kev hloov ntawm cov xim ntawm cov enamel. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, chalky me ntsis yog pom nyob rau hauv periphery ntawm lub distal nto ntawm cov hniav. Ntau xyoo yuav dhau mus txij li lub sijhawm thawj cov cim tshwm sim rau qhov pom ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Cov tsos mob ntawm cov chaw carious rau tus neeg mob yog asymptomatic. Tus neeg mob kawm txog qhov teeb meem thaum lub pathology ua tau zoo heev.
YKev kuaj mob ntawm pathology
Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog tau txais thaum txiav txim siab caries ntawm cov hniav pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub beam ntawm lub teeb kis tau tus mob, qhov chaw puas yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm xim av hemispheres. Lawv tau meej meej cais los ntawm qhov chaw noj qab haus huv. Rau kev kuaj mob ntawm caries ntawm kev sib cuag kab noj hniav ntawm zom cov hniav yog nqa tawm:
- ntsuas cua sov - cov cuab yeej ua kom sov yog siv rau cov hniav lossis cov tub yees tshwj xeeb yog siv rau ntawm cov paj rwb swab hauv qab lub dav hlau dej; nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tsis xws luag, ib tug mob tshwm sim, uas sai dhau;
- suab- siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev kho hniav, cov ntaub so ntswg raug tshuaj xyuas kom paub meej, kev ncaj ncees thiab sib xws; ineffective nyob rau hauv zais carious txheej txheem;
- ziab - cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv yog ci thiab du, cuam tshuam - ntxhib thiab mos;
- electroodontodiagnostics - kev soj ntsuam ntawm qib ntawm hluav taws xob tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thaum thov ncaj qha lossis hloov tam sim no;
- laser diagnostics - muab lub teeb ua haujlwm los ntawm lub laser thiab photodiode rau cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov hniav, ua raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov fluorescent glow.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj pom cov teeb meem carious ntawm qhov chaw ze ntawm tus hniav yog transillumination. Nws yog ua raws li transillumination ntawm lub crown nrog ib tug beam ntawm lub teeb txias. X-rays yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lwm txoj kev tsis zoo. Nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov tob ntawm qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov kab mob pathology, qhov tuab ntawm cov dentin thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze. Cov txiaj ntsig yog kwv yees, qhov loj me ntawm cov kab noj hniav tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm x-ray.
Txoj kev kho ntawm kwv yees kab mob
Kev kho mob ua tiav hauv theem. Carious kab noj hniav yog qhib thiab nthuav. Necrotic tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm. Restoration ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm tus hniav yog tsim cov kab noj hniav tshiab thiab cov ntug hniav. Yog hais tias muaj tej yam ntuj tso los yog pathological tsis sib xws ntawm cov hniav, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los tsim cov ntsiab lus tshiab. Nrog cov kab mob loj thiab kev puas tsuaj loj, qhov tsis xws luag raug kaw nrog lub kaus mom.
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv anatomical ntawm cov hniav ntawm cov npoo yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov matrices tshwj xeeb. Lub matrix tuav cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav, tsim qhov tseeb contour ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze, thiab txhim kho qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov txhaws hauv cov pos hniav. Kev sib dhos ntawm qhov txhaws tshwm sim muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm ob sab ntawm cov hniav hniav. Lub matrix tshem tawm cov ingress ntawm huab cua inclusions rau hauv cov khoom, tov nrog cov ntshav, qaub ncaug.
Photopolymerization tshwm sim yam tsis muaj huab cua nkag. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov txhaws yog kuaj los ntawm kev qhia cov ntaub qhwv rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab. Nws yuav tsum swb saum npoo av thiab tshem tawm ntawm kab noj hniav nrog nias. Ib qho tsis xws luag ntawm qhov chaw sib thooj yog qhia los ntawm cov hlua khi los yog nws tau daig ntawm cov hniav. Cov kev tsis zoo li no yuav tsum tau kho.
