Cov neeg feem coob koom nrog cov roj cholesterol nrog cov khoom tsis zoo, qhov muaj nyob hauv lub cev ua rau muaj kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no muaj tseeb, tab sis tsuas yog ib feem. Muaj ob hom roj cholesterol: phem thiab zoo. Qhov kawg, txawm li cas los xij nws yuav zoo li txawv txawv, ua kom cov rog ua haujlwm nrog kev khiav tawm tom qab. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau rog rog, atherosclerosis, ischemia. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom cov cholesterol zoo. Lawv siv tsis tau tsuas yog pab kom cov khoom xav tau, tab sis kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau.
Y Dab tsi yog cov roj cholesterol thiab nws lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Cov roj (cholesterol) yog cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov sterols, lipophilic cawv ntawm pawg steroid. Nws yog cov koom nrog hauv cov metabolism hauv rog thiab tsim cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev ua neej nyob hauv lub cev.
Cov roj (cholesterol) muaj nyob hauv txhua lub hlwb ntawm lub cev. Raws li kev soj ntsuam tshuaj, lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo muaj kwv yees li 140 g. Thiab raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb radioisotope, cov ntsiab lus nce mus rau 350 g. Feem ntau cov roj cholesterol muaj nyob hauv cov kua tsib, adrenal cortex, phev plasma, lymph, hlwb thiab paj hlwb.
Kev solubility ntawm cov cholesterol hauv dej yog tsawg heev. Tab sis siab hauv ether, cawv, roj. Vim yog cov cuab yeej no, lipophilic cawv yooj yim cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub, tsim cov esters, uas cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg xav tau.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws txoj haujlwm physiological muaj ntau haiv neeg:
- Muab lub cev pob txha ntawm tes. Non-esterified cholesterol nrog phosphatide ua kom cov permeability ntawm cell membranes. Tswj cov haujlwm ntawm biomembrane los ntawm kev hloov nws cov viscosity.
- Koom nrog tsim cov kua tsib acids tsim nyog rau kev zom zaub mov thiab nqus cov rog, thiab rau qee cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv plab hnyuv.
- Tsim cov tshuaj corticosteroids hauv adrenal cortex. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus atoms, corticosteroids muab faib ua estrogens thiab androgens.
- Koom tes tsim cov calciferols (vitamin D), uas muab kev thauj cov calcium thiab phosphorus.
YCov roj (cholesterol)
Hauv cov ntshav ntshav, lipophilic cawv yog ib feem ntawm lipoprotein complexes uas thauj nws mus rau txhua lub hlwb. Lipoproteins yog cov complexes ntawm lipids nrog cov proteins koom nrog hauv kev hloov pauv thiab khaws cia cov rog thiab cov rog zoo li cov tshuaj. Lawv raug faib ua 4 pawg lossis 4 hom roj cholesterol:
- Chylomicrons yog cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv me thaum lub sij hawm nqus ntawm exogenous lipids;
- cov lipoproteins tsawg heev (VLDL) yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim siablos ntawm apolipoproteins;
- low-density lipoproteins (LDL) yog tsim los ntawm VLDL thaum lipolysis;
- high-density lipoproteins (HDL) yog tsim nyob rau hauv hepatocytes, muaj anti-atherogenic zog.
LDL nqa cov roj cholesterol mus rau hauv cov ntshav, qhov twg nws khaws cia, ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas. Rau cov cuab yeej no, pawg lipoproteins no hu ua cov roj (cholesterol) phem. HDL ntes cov roj cholesterol ntau dhau thiab, los ntawm esterification, thauj nws los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob mus rau daim siab. Nyob rau hauv lub parenchyma ntawm lub caj pas, lipophilic cawv yog hloov mus rau hauv lub tsim nyog acids los ntawm ib tug complex txheej txheem ntawm biosynthesis. Hauv qhov no, lub cim rau cov roj cholesterol zoo yog HDL.
Cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv yog li 67-70% LDL thiab 20-24% HDL. Qhov feem pua no yog sib npaug.
High-density lipoprotein norm
HDL muaj qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 0.25 lab d altons. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog 7-15 nm, qhov ceev yog 1.13. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov protein rau lipids hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog 50:50. Ib nrab-lub neej ntawm cov lipoproteins ntau ntom ntom yog 5 hnub. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, lawv muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb - ntxuav cov hlab ntsha.
HDL muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv atherogenic - lawv txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov hlab plawv pathologies. Cov khoom zoo li no yog vim qhov me me. Lawv yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha yam tsis ua rau lawv raug mob.
Txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig, qhov nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj cholesterol zoo hauv cov ntshav, nrog rau kev txo qis, ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob. Txiav txim siab HDL hauv biochemicalntshav kuaj. Txoj kev tshawb no yog nqa tawm thaum sawv ntxov, ntawm lub plab khoob. Hnub ua ntej qhov kev xeem tsis suav nrog kev ua lub cev, los ntawm kev noj zaub mov - ntsim, qab ntsev, cawv. Ib teev ua ntej kev soj ntsuam, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus luam yeeb.
Cov ntsuas hauv qab no raug suav tias yog tus qauv rau HDL:
Cov poj niam - 1, 3-1, 68 mmol / l;
Thaum qhov ntsuas tau nce lossis txo qis, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv tau ua tiav. Txiav txim siab qhov coefficient ntawm atherogenicity los ntawm kev xam qhov piv ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) phem thiab zoo. Cov ntsuas tau muab los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm biochemistry lossis lipidograms thiab muab tso rau hauv cov mis KA=(LDL + LDL) / HDL.
Nco tus nqi atherogenic coefficient (tib yam rau txiv neej thiab poj niam):
- 20-30 xyoo - 2-2, 8;
- tshaj 30 xyoo - 3-3, 5.
Tus qhab nia siab dua 4 feem ntau pom hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv.
Yog vim li cas thiaj txo cov roj cholesterol zoo
Muaj ntau ntau yam vim li cas cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas qhia qis qis qis los ntawm cov qauv ntawm HDL hauv tib neeg. Lawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub.
Yam cuam tshuam rau kev txo cov roj cholesterol zoo:
- Kev ua kom lub cev qis. Hauv cov neeg uas nws ua haujlwm muaj ntau teev ntawm kev tsis muaj lub cev ua haujlwm, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, cov ntshav ncig raug cuam tshuam, qhov tsis txaus ntawm txhua yam tshuaj tshwm sim.
- Kev ua txhaum ntawm kev noj haus thiab tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm BJU hauv kev noj haus. Ib qho loj ntawm cov rog thiab carbohydrates ceev hauv cov zaub mov nceCov roj (cholesterol) phem.
- Ntau tshaj. Cov qib HDL qis hauv kev rog yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam lipid metabolism.
- Tus cwj pwm phem. Kev haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv cuam tshuam qhov concentration thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm platelets. Kev thaiv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov ntshav txhaws ua rau nws nyuaj rau thauj LDL mus rau lub siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau nws tus kheej raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev haus cawv, thiab nws yog nws cov synthesizes HDL.
- Hormonal disorders thiab kab mob ua rau cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem zoo li no yog cov kab mob metabolic. Qhov tsis muaj qhov piv txwv ntawm cov protein thiab cov rog hauv lub cev ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lipid metabolism.
- Pathology ntawm lub siab thiab lub raum. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm hepatocytes thiab hlwb ntawm adrenal cortex ua rau txo qis hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Lub siab parenchyma tsis ua cov roj cholesterol zoo.
- kab mob. Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm pathology cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. T-lymphocytes pib ua haujlwm ua autoantigens, ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab autoimmune lipoprotein complexes. Cov complexes zoo li atherogenic.
- tsis paub siv tshuaj. Txhua yam tshuaj yog cov tshuaj muaj zog uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, physicochemical lossis biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlwb, cov ntaub so ntswg, kabmob, thiab lwm yam. Cov koob tshuaj ntau cuam tshuam rau lub ntuj tshuav.
Txoj kev nce HDLL
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm txhua tus tib neeg lub cev thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog lub neej noj qab haus huv. Kev txo qis hauv HDL yog qee yam cuam tshuam nrogkev kho mob tsis txaus.
Kev hloov pauv hauv qhov concentration ntawm lipoproteins yuav tsis tshwm sim sab nraud rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov tsis muaj cov tsos mob tsis txhais tau tias tsis muaj pathology. Cov roj (cholesterol) phem tuaj yeem maj mam sib sau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab lub cev, maj mam ua kom puas. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm ntau lub tshuab kuj maj mam ua rau txo qis hauv HDL ntau lawm.
Puas tuaj yeem nce cov roj cholesterol zoo thiab yuav ua li cas? Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los normalize qhov concentration thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv ntawm lipoproteins. Tab sis txhua txoj hauv kev siv sijhawm, thiab rau qee qhov nws yuav yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov pauv txoj kev tsim lub neej thiab tus cwj pwm. Yuav luag txhua txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev noj qab haus huv, nws yuav yooj yim ua lawv.
Low HDL noj zaub mov
Thaum kho cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim cov roj cholesterol, kev noj zaub mov ib txwm ua ntej. Ua raws li kev noj haus thiab kev noj zaub mov kom zoo yuav ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov tau tshem ntawm phaus ntxiv. Nrog rau kev rog qis thiab mob hnyav, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom noj. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov kab mob hnyav heev.
Saturated fat yuav tsum txwv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas coj txoj kev ua neej nyob sedentary. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm tag nrho triglycerides los ntawm kev noj zaub mov, vim tias qhov lipid tshuav nyiaj yuav cuam tshuam. Preference yuav tsum tau muab rau unsaturated fats. Txoj cai noj zaub mov:
- Cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab qaub-mis nyuj. Cov rog ntawm cov mis nyuj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2.5%. Pom zoo tsev cheese, tsawg-rog yogurt, fermented ci mis nyuj. kev siv cheese,butter yog nruj heev txwv.
- Nqaij. Cov khoom noj muaj xws li nqaij nyug, nqaij nyug, nqaij qaib, goose yog cais tag nrho. Cov khoom yog boiled, lub cutlets yog steamed, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kib. Tsis suav cov khoom ua tiav thiab cov hnyuv ntxwm.
- Offal los ntawm kev noj zaub mov raug tshem tawm, tshwj xeeb yog nqaij qaib daim siab. Nws muaj vitamin D, uas txhim kho kev tsim cov roj cholesterol zoo, thiab calcium, uas ua rau kev thauj cov lipophilic cawv.
- Qe. Preference yog muab rau quail, thaum noj nqaij qaib nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis kam yolk. Qe yog mos-boiled los yog steam omelettes yog npaj.
- Paj. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb, thiab cov khoom ci tshiab ua rau cov kua qaub ntawm lub plab thiab ua rau muaj roj hauv cov hnyuv. Yog tias nws nyuaj rau kev tso tseg tag nrho cov qhob cij, ces tsawg kawg sim hloov nws nrog breadcrumbs.
khoom siv tau
Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tau pom tias cov lipoproteins siab ntom ntom qis, ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub los ntawm tus kws kho mob tias qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb npaum li cas. Rau me me deviations los ntawm tus qauv, qhov concentration ntawm HDL yog kho nrog kev pab los ntawm tej yam tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom:
- Omega-3. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov lipids los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, koj yuav tsum hloov cov roj saturated nrog aliphatic monobasic acids ntawm pawg carboxylic. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, omega-3 muaj nyob rau hauv mackerel, trout, haddock, thiab anchovies. Los ntawm cov zaub mov cog, cov roj tsis muaj roj muaj nyob hauv seaweed, flax noob, thiab spinach.
- Niacin Niacin. Nicotinic acid, los yog vitamin B3, koom nrog oxidativeCov txheej txheem rov qab, carbohydrate thiab lipid metabolism. Niacin txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, pab txhawb kev ua tiav sai thiab ua tiav ntawm cov khoom noj. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, nws muaj nyob rau hauv buckwheat, beets, taum, nyob rau hauv ib co offal (siab, ob lub raum), nceb. Nicotinic acid muaj lipid-txo cov cuab yeej, kev noj cov khoom uas muaj nws txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerosis.
- Beta-sitosterol yog phytosterol zoo ib yam hauv cov qauv rau cov roj cholesterol. Hauv cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj synthesized yog siv los txo cov ntsiab lus thiab tsim cov roj (cholesterol) phem. Cov tshuaj no tsuas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom cog: seaweed, avocado, txiv laum huab xeeb, nplej, linseed thiab taub dag noob.
Qhia cawv thiab luam yeeb
Txhim cov roj cholesterol zoo, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau, yuav pab ua kom tiav kev haus luam yeeb (xws li vaping, hookah) thiab dej cawv.
YCigarettes muaj nicotine, uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog niacin. Nicotine yog ib qho alkaloid (tshuaj lom) uas rhuav tshem cholinergic receptors. Thaum haus luam yeeb, alkaloid cuam tshuam lub plawv dhia. Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub plawv ua rau tsis ua hauj lwm hauv siab thiab raug mob rau cov hlab ntsha. Cov khoom noj khoom haus tau muab rau ntau cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qhov tsis txaus. Kev tsis txaus ntawm micro- thiab microelements ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lipid metabolism.
Cawv muaj teeb meem rau txhua qhov ntau. Tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cawv ib yam, kev haus cawv txiv hmab cuam tshuam lub ntuj acidity ntawm lub plab. Khoom noj khoom haus tsis ua tiav, muabntxiv load rau lub siab. Cawv yog ib yam tshuaj lom uas muaj zog heev; thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lub siab ua kom cov ntshav kom huv. Hepatocytes ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txhim kho, uas ua rau lawv tuag. Lub siab mob tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov HDL zoo.
Lub cev ua haujlwm
Cov roj cholesterol - nws yog dab tsi? Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib yam khoom uas hloov cov rog rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muab lub zog rau lub cev. Nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, lub cev tsis muaj sijhawm los siv cov rog uas tuaj nrog zaub mov, lawv tau tso. Txhawm rau normalize qhov sib piv ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) phem thiab zoo rau kev ua si ntawm txhua yam. Thaum xaiv cov kev ua kis las, ib tus yuav tsum tsom mus rau qhov HDL qis npaum li cas, ntawm qhov muaj cov kab mob, thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kheej.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej rau kev tawm dag zog thaum sawv ntxov. Txhawm rau tswj lub cev thiab kho cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam, kev cob qhia nruab nrab yuav tsum tau siv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov hom uas muaj qhov sib xws ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Zoo rau kev khiav, ua luam dej, ntaus pob tesniv. Koj tuaj yeem siv kev pabcuam los ntawm tus kws qhia kis las, nws yuav pab tsim cov kev tawm dag zog uas suav nrog tus kheej tus yam ntxwv.
Cov neeg uas nws txoj haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua si yuav tsum ua ib ce txhua 1.5 teev, squat, khoov, thiab lwm yam. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los taug kev ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb npav mus rau qhov nkag. Nkag mus rau hauv of the elevator nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob, taug kev ntawm cov ntaiv ua kom cov ntshav ncig.
Yuav ua li cas nce HDL nrog tshuaj?
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev ua txhaum loj, tus kws kho mob ua haujlwm nrog kev kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipoproteins. Yuav ua li cas nce cov cholesterol zoo nrog tshuaj? Kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab siv tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab seb yuav ua li cas thiaj li nce cov roj cholesterol zoo yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim. Kev siv tshuaj yog siv rau yog tias cov lipoproteins tsawg tsawg dhau los ua ntu zus thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
Tshuaj uas nce HDL:
- Statins yog tsim los txo LDL feem. Lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim yog raws li nram no: active tshuaj khi rau tsawg-density lipoproteins thiab tshem tawm lawv los ntawm cov ntshav, restores tshuav nyiaj li cas. Cov tshuaj feem ntau yog rosuvastatin, Aktalipid, Liptonorm. Kev siv cov nyiaj yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cawv dependence, daim siab tsis ua hauj lwm, polypharmacy. Siv ceev faj thaum laus.
- Fibrates yog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj hypocholesterolemic. Lawv inhibit qhov synthesis ntawm lipophilic cawv hauv daim siab, normalizes cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipids hauv cov ntshav, tshem tawm cov uric acid. Txhais tau hais tias yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv cirrhosis ntawm daim siab, thaum cev xeeb tub, lactation. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob tau sau tshuaj Glofibrate, Trilipix, Bezalip, Exlip.
- Bile acid sequestrants. Nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv, lawv khi nrog cov kua tsib, tsim cov tshuaj insoluble. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug tshem tawm hauv cov quav. Kev nce hauv synthesis ntawm cov kua tsib acids ua raulub cev mus nrhiav lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov cholesterol. Txhais tau hais tias ua rau muaj kev phiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob dyspeptic (xws li xeev siab, quav tsis taus, thiab lwm yam). Thaum kawm, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb. Cov feem ntau sau sequestrants yog Questral, Guarem.
Kev siv tshuaj kho pej xeem kom qis HDL-C
Lwm cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov arsenal ntau cov zaub mov kom nce cov roj cholesterol zoo. Qee cov tshuaj hauv tsev tseem tau qiv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj homeopathic thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Recipes:
- Ib tablespoon nrog ib tug swb ntawm qhuav blackberry nplooj yog poured nrog boiling dej (250 g), insisted rau txog ib teev. Hla dhau lub lim, haus 50 g ua ntej noj mov.
- 200 g ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab yog tov nrog tib tus nqi ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab 150 g ntawm celery pressed. Lawv sim haus cov sib tov tam sim ntawd. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua txhua hnub rau ob lub lis piam.
- 200 g ntawm linden paj yog brewed nrog 250 g ntawm boiling dej, infused rau 40-50 feeb. Hla dhau lub lim, haus dej haus txhua hnub.
Cov roj cholesterol zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej ib txwm muaj. Nrog nws txo qis, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho vascular pathologies nce. Kev noj zaub mov zoo, kev kawm lub cev, thiab kev tsis lees paub kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhais tau tias kom tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm HDL.
