Cov neeg ua txhaum ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau yog kev ntxhov siab, noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab lom. Txhua tus tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom no nrog kev pab ntawm cov vitamins. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev paub txog cov vitamins tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog rau cov txiv neej niaj hnub no.
Vitamin nrhiav tau li cas
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov vitamins tau paub hauv Egypt thaum ub. Tib neeg tau pom tias noj qee yam tshuaj ntsuab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab txawm tias ua kom rov zoo los ntawm cov kab mob.
Piv txwv li, cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem tsis pom kev tau qhia los ntawm cov kws kho mob thaum ub kom noj daim siab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj lub tswv yim tias nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qhov no yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin A.
Herbalists thiab kws kho mob tau txais kev hwm zoo ntawm txhua haiv neeg. Tab sis, txawm hais tias tib neeg thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm tau kwv yees qhov ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qee yam tshuaj muaj rau lub cev, kev kawm txog cov vitamins pib tsuas yog ib puas xyoo dhau los. Txawm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. nws ntseeg tiasLub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj yog muab cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates rau lub cev.
Qhov tseeb, tus nrhiav pom cov vitamins yog Lavxias tus kws kho mob Lunin Nikolai Ivanovich. Nws ua kev sim rau nas thiab pom qhov tseeb nthuav. Cov nas uas tau noj mis nyuj tag nrho tseem noj qab nyob zoo, thaum cov khoom noj mis nyuj sib cais pib mob thiab tuag thaum kawg. Qhov no yog li cas cov vitamins tau pom.
Lub tswv yim, kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom qhib, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau dhau los ua qhov ua tiav ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb. Thiab txawm hais tias lawv tau tshawb pom los ntawm tus kws kho mob Lavxias, lub npe "vitamin" tau thov los ntawm Polish chemist Kazimir Funk, thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau txais Nobel nqi zog rau kev kawm txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev.
Y Yuav ua li cas cov vitamins ua haujlwm hauv metabolism
Thaum lub cev tau txais qee yam tshuaj tsawg dua, nws yog fraught nrog mob tshwj xeeb. Tshwj xeeb yog mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog thaum ib qho me me hauv kev noj haus yog cov zaub mov muaj cov vitamins. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov vitamins yog li feem ntau muaj cov npe ntawm lawv qhov chaw ntuj.
Yog tias koj pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis muaj qee yam ntsiab lus, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob noj zaub mov. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem sim ua kom tsis txaus koj tus kheej. Ua li no, cov neeg niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog loj, yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv cov zaub mov thiab muaj cov zaub mov hauv nws uas muaj ntau cov vitamins.
Kev faib cov vitamins nyob ntawm kev koom nrogCov txheej txheem physiological sab hauv faib cov tshuaj no ua peb pawg:
- Yantioxidants;
- -Prohormones;
- enzyme vitamins (cov koom nrog hauv cov metabolism).
Cov pawg sub no yuav tham ntxiv hauv qab no.
YAntioxidants
Qhov no yog ascorbic acid, vitamins A, K thiab E. Antioxidants tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob loj xws li mob qog noj ntshav lossis kab mob plawv.
Nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej, cov dawb radicals tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev - oxygen molecules uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab heev. Lawv ploj lawm ib qho hluav taws xob, thiab lawv nyiam sau qhov chaw no nrog cov hluav taws xob los ntawm lwm cov molecules. Antioxidants neutralize dawb radicals, tiv thaiv hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Thiab yog hais tias lub cev tsis tau txais txaus ntawm lawv, ces dawb radicals mus nrhiav ib tug electron ntxiv. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas poob cov hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem piav qhia.
YProhormones
Cov no yog cov tshuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tom qab tsim. Cov no suav nrog vitamin D thiab vitamin A nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm retinoic acid. Cov khoom tawg ntawm cov vitamin D yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog calcium metabolism hauv lub cev. Thiab retinoic acid yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho cov epithelium.
YEnzyme vitamins
qeb no suav nrog vitamin K, vitamin A, nrog rau cov vitamins B, nicotinic thiab folic acid. Kev sib pauv ntawm cov protein, carbohydrates thiab cov rog hauv lub cev tshwm sim nrog lawv txoj kev koom tes. Piv txwv li, vitamin B1 hauv siabKev noj zaub mov kom tsawg yog tsim nyog nrog kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, nrog rau kev noj zaub mov ntau ntawm carbohydrates. Nrog nws qhov tsis txaus, cov khoom lag luam carbohydrate sib sau ua ke hauv lub cev.
ntsuas vitamin li cas
Nws tseem yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev xav tau txhua hnub rau cov vitamins thiab noj txhua hnub. Thawj lub tswv yim yog tus nqi uas tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm coincide nrog qhov thib ob. Kev noj txhua hnub feem ntau tsawg dua qhov yuav tsum tau ua, vim cov vitamins tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev nqus thaum nqus.
Tsim cov tshuaj kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txhua tus vitamin rau tib neeg. Physiological sawv cev tus nqi uas tus neeg xav tau rau lub neej tag nrho. Pharmacological ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem tshaj lawv ntau zaus, vim tias lawv tau tsom los daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee lub cev thiab lub cev.
Poj niam los txiv neej, hnub nyoog, kev ua si lub cev, cov xwm txheej uas tus neeg nyob - tag nrho cov no yog yam uas txiav txim siab seb tus neeg xav tau cov vitamins dab tsi. Kev faib cov vitamins raws li kev xav tau yog tsim los ntawm cov kws ua zaub mov noj ntawm txhua lub tebchaws. Rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov lus pom zoo uas tau hais los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij rau qee pawg neeg.
Thaum yuav cov khoom, koj yuav tsum xav txog tsis yog lawv cov nqi zog xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua tib zoo saib seb lawv puas muajvitamins. Rau cov hluas, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thiab cov neeg ncaws pob, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov vitamin xav tau ntawm cov pawg no yog ib txwm muaj dav.
Kev faib tawm, yam ntxwv thiab kev xav tau ntawm txhua pab pawg yog tus kheej. Piv txwv li, rau cov poj niam uas tab tom npaj cev xeeb tub, kev noj tshuaj folic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, npaj los ua leej niam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov calcium kom tsawg thiab ua kom cov vitamin D tsis txaus, tib yam siv rau cov neeg ncaws pob, cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm nyuaj uas ua haujlwm hauv peb txoj haujlwm: tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib qho ntawm Cov pawg no yuav tsum xav txog lub sijhawm txog kev noj zaub mov zoo lossis noj cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Fat-soluble thiab dej-soluble vitamins: kev faib tawm, ua haujlwm los ntawm pawg pawg
Raws li tau tham, cov vitamins poob rau hauv peb pawg tseem ceeb. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua yam khoom uas piav qhia qhov tseeb tias qee yam kev noj haus tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li tus neeg tau ntev. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua lub ntsiab lus yog qhov tsim nyog rau qee yam txheej txheem hauv lub cev, yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.
Tab sis dhau ntawm kev faib raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem physiological, muaj ob pawg ntxiv rau cov vitamins uas tau muab faib. Kev faib cov vitamins rau hauv dej-soluble thiab fat-soluble yog tsis tseem ceeb. Cov vitamins muaj roj-soluble khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg rog, yog li kev noj ntau dhau ntawm lawv yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj li cov dej-soluble overdose.
Cov tom kawg yog tawm sai sai ntawm lub cev nrog kua. Tsiaj txhu thiab ntses daim siab, qe, butter, spinach, ci qos yaj ywm -deb ntawm tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj roj-soluble vitamins. Kev faib tawm ntawm lawv cov peev txheej yuav muab tag nrho hauv cov lus hauv qab no. Cov zaub mov uas muaj cov vitamins hauv dej muaj xws li ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, nplooj ntsuab, cereals, qe, noob, thiab txiv ntoo.
Kev faib cov vitamins: rooj ntawm cov khoom noj hauv zaub mov
Daim ntawv teev cov khoom noj uas muaj dej-soluble thiab fat-soluble vitamins zoo li no:
| 1 Cauliflower, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dub thiab dawb currants, rowhips, tswb kua txob, kiwi, txiv pos nphuab | |
| PP | nqaij nyug, nqaij daim tawv nqaij tawv, nqaij qaib, cod, taum, barley thiab pearl barley |
| B1 | peas, nqaij npuas thiab nqaij nyuj plab, taum, nplawm qhob cij, buckwhoeat |
| B2 | Kefir, buckwheat, mackerel, cheese, tsev cheese, qe, cod, spinach, herring |
| B6 | Nyiaj teb, taum, barley, pearl barley thiab buckwheat, qos yaj ywm, siab, peas, ntau yam nqaij |
| B12 | Nyob hauv tsev cheese, ntses, nqaij nyug siab, txiv lws suav, qe qe, cheese |
| Vitamin A Y | Qe, cod siab, liab caviar, nqaij nyug siab, butter |
| YBeta-carotene | |
| E | Hiav txwv buckthorn, txiv ntseej, pob kws, paj noob hlisbutter, peas |
| K | - Sorrel, qe, taub dag, zaub qhwv, zaub paj, txiv lws suav, carrots, qe |
| D | Qe, oily ntses, cod siab. Kuj ua rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum raug tshav ntuj |
Los ntawm txoj kev, kev faib tshuaj ntawm cov vitamins tsis yog tsuas yog rau lawv lub peev xwm yaj hauv dej. Koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias cov vitamins ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv coj txawv txawv hauv cov txheej txheem ua noj. Piv txwv li, cov vitamins muaj roj-soluble tuaj yeem khaws cia thaum siav, thaum cov vitamins feem ntau cov dej-soluble zom sai sai.
Cov cim qhia ntawm beriberi
Tsis yog ib tus neeg laus muaj sijhawm txaus los saib xyuas cov khoom noj uas noj. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj cov vitamins yog ib qho tshwm sim. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem tsis muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub cev ntawm ib qho ntawm cov vitamins (avitaminosis), tab sis nws lwm hom. Qhov no yog hypovitaminosis (cov ntsiab lus qis), lossis cov khoom noj tsis zoo, uas tshwm sim thaum noj cov vitamins hauv qhov tsawg dua li qub.
Qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj piav qhia tau qhia ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis nrog hypovitaminosis thiab kev noj tsis zoo, cov tsos mob tshwm sim:
- tsis muaj zog;
- faus;
- kev chim siab.
Nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab hypovitaminosis, tsis tas yuav tsum noj cov vitamins hluavtaws, qee zaum nws txaus los kho cov zaub mov. Ntawmberiberi, cov tsos mob hnyav dua. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo - tsuas yog cov vitamins?
Cov ntaub ntawv hais tias feem ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog lub tsev khaws cov vitamins tiag tiag yog qhov pom me ntsis ib sab. Tseeb tiag, kev faib tawm ntawm cov dej-soluble vitamins thiab lawv cov peev txheej qhia tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ntawm kev noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Tab sis, piv txwv li, vitamin D tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov txhua. Yog li ntawd, neeg tsis noj nqaij, tawm tsam los ntawm ntau tus neeg tsis ntev los no, tsis yog txoj kev noj qab haus huv tshaj plaws.
Kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv raws li qhov ua tau, txij li yuav luag txhua hom zaub mov muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsim nyog rau lub cev. Muaj ob peb yam khoom uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj piav qhia txhua (piv txwv li, qab zib). Tag nrho lwm cov khoom noj muaj xws li cov vitamins.
Lub ntsiab lus, kev faib tawm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qee yam khoom noj muaj rau pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj cov vitamins, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab seb cov zaub mov twg tsis txaus hauv kev noj haus. Kev taw qhia raws sij hawm ntawm ntau yam yuav pab tiv thaiv beriberi thiab ntau yam kab mob.
Kuv yuav tsum noj cov vitamins
Tus txiv neej thaum ub uas nyob hauv hav zoov noj cov vitamins ntau. Yog li ntawd, lub mechanism ntawm evolution tau txiav txim tias nyob rau hauv peblawv tsis yog synthesized los ntawm lub cev (qhov kev zam yog vitamin D). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sedentary txoj kev ua neej ntawm ib tug niaj hnub neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, yog ib tug neeg ua teb nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. tuaj yeem ua rau nws xav tau cov vitamins B los ntawm kev noj cov ntaub pua plag ntawm lub khob cij ib hnub, tom qab ntawd cov neeg nyob hauv nroog niaj hnub tsis zoo li yuav noj cov hmoov nplej li no.
Yuav kom noj zaub mov kom tiav, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tus nqi ntawm ntau yam khoom noj thiab qhov kev faib cov vitamins yog dab tsi. Luv luv, txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo li no: koj yuav tsum muaj kev noj zaub mov txawv, lossis noj cov tshuaj multivitamin uas yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj.
