Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koom nrog ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob metabolic thiab ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg yog calcium. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm qhov tso cai txwv ntawm tus qauv ua rau pathology thiab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic. Kev kuaj ntshav rau calcium, nws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau? Qhov no yuav tham ntxiv.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm calcium hauv lub cev
Calcium tsis tsuas yog muab lub zog rau cov hniav thiab pob txha. Nws kuj koom nrog:
- hemostasis system;
- atrial thiab ventricular contraction;
- ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob neurohumoral;
- pauv txheej txheem;
- ua haujlwm cov qog endocrine;
- Mechanisms of cell reception.
Cov tshuaj muaj npe pab lub cev tawm tsam cov teebmeem ntawm hluav taws xob, txo qis kev siv tshuaj tsis haum, thiab muaj tshuaj tiv thaivkev ua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas nws qib nrog kev kuaj ntshav rau calcium. Nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog kev tshawb fawb biochemical uas suav nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsuas tag nrho thiab ionized calcium.
Hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv nws muaj txog li ib thiab ib nrab kilograms. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog ib feem pua ntawm cov hlab ntsha, qhov seem yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Txog ib nrab ntawm cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ionized, thiab ib nrab yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phosphate ntsev los yog cov tebchaw nrog albumin. Calcium metabolism yog tswj los ntawm vitamin D, calcitonin thiab parathyroid hormone.
Thaum twg txoj kev kawm raug txiav txim?
Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical rau calcium yog ua txhua hnub thiab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv lossis yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob ntawm lub raum, pob txha, lub plawv, lub paj hlwb. Raws li kev qhia rau nws qhov kev teem caij yog cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- txhawj xeeb;
- osteoporosis;
- polyuria;
- hyperthyroidism;
- cachexia;
- thiab lwm tus.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau tso cai rau kev ntsuas ua ntej ntawm calcium metabolism hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm deviations los ntawm qhov tso cai qhov tseem ceeb, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom ntxiv hom kev tshawb fawb uas txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm ib tug txo los yog nce nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm lub caij no.
Yuav kuaj ntshav li cas rau calcium?
Yuav ua li no, koj yuav tsum xub npaj los ntawm kev ua cov kauj ruam yooj yim hauv qab no:
- Hnub ua ntej xa khoom ntawm biomaterial, tso tseg kev tawm dag zog lub cev hnyav. sim tsis txhobmob siab heev.
- Hnub ua ntej, tshem tawm cov zaub mov hnyav, cawv thiab khoom noj uas muaj calcium ntau los ntawm kev noj haus.
- Rov teem sijhawm kho lub cev thiab kho kho mob rau lwm hnub.
- Qhia tus kws kho mob ua ntej txog cov tshuaj koj noj.
- ntshav ntawm plab khoob.
Vim li cas kuv thiaj xav tau kev kuaj vitamin D?
Hauv cov neeg laus, tsis ua haujlwm ntawm calcium metabolism provokes qhov tshwm sim loj, ib qho ntawm cov pob txha. Cov vitamin no koom nrog hauv cov metabolism ntawm phosphorus thiab calcium. Kev kuaj ntshav rau cov vitamin D tau qhia rau txhua tus niam uas muaj kev cia siab, vim tias cov tshuaj no koom nrog hauv kev tsim ntawm tus menyuam lub cev pob txha, tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm varicose leeg hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, khaws kev zoo nkauj thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav, rau tes thiab plaub hau.
Ntxiv rau, cov vitamin yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ntshav txhaws, kev tsim tawm ntawm tes. Yog tias tsis txaus, ces muaj qhov tshee, cov leeg tsis muaj zog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab ob lub raum cuam tshuam.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm phosphorus hauv lub cev
Kwv yees li yim caum-tsib feem pua ntawm cov macronutrient no yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab kaum tsib seem muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev kua. Ua ke nrog calcium, nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov hniav thiab cov pob txha muaj zog, koom nrog hauv kev kho cov leeg nqaij, ntxuav lub raum, thiab rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm tes. Yog tias nws qib dhau los ua qis dua qhov qis qis ntawm cov qauv, ces lub zog metabolism raug cuam tshuam. Kev txo qis me ntsis ua rau tsis muaj tsos mob. Kev nce hauv phosphorus yog provoked los ntawm cov kab mob loj heevCov kab mob: myeloid leukemia, qog, mob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam.
Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical rau phosphorus thiab calcium kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj ua khub hauv kev npaj rau kev phais, xav tias mob plab, mob qog nqaij hlav, urolithiasis. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus calcium ntau dhau, ces qhov concentration ntawm phosphorus txo qis thiab vice versa, nrog kev txo qis hauv calcium, tus nqi ntawm phosphorus nce. Ob qho kev ua txhaum cai suav hais tias yog qhov tsis zoo.
Tus qauv ntawm calcium hauv cov ntshav. Yam cuam tshuam rau nws qib
kuaj ntshav calcium yog dab tsi? Lub xub ntiag ntawm calcium nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj ntsuas. Nws tsuas yog vim nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tso cai ntau yam uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tau nws txoj haujlwm. Yog li, kev tswj hwm, uas tau ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas rau tag nrho thiab ionized calcium, yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg lub cev.
Nquag, nws cov concentration yuav tsum tsis txhob mus dhau qhov kev tso cai txwv: 2, 15–2, 5 mmol / l. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, daim duab no qis dua. Cov qauv rau ionized calcium yog los ntawm 1.1 txog 1.4. Cov ntsuas nyob ntawm:
- ntawm hnub nyoog;
- metabolic ntws hauv cov pob txha;
- reabsorption los ntawm lub raum;
- zoo ntawm plab hnyuv mucosal absorption;
- muaj phosphorus thiab lwm yam kab kawm.
Ntxiv rau, cov tshuaj hauv qab no cuam tshuam rau nws qib:
- Parathyroid hormone - ntau ntau ntawm cov tshuaj no thiab cov phosphorus siab ua rau cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev uasuas inhibit pob txha tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov calcium hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv, thiab hauv cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg txo.
- Vitamin D3 - pab txhawb kev nce hauv cov calcium hauv plasma vim ua rau lub plab zom mov ntxiv.
- Calcitonin - txo nws cov concentration hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab hloov mus rau cov pob txha.
Calcium noj nce hauv kev ntxhov siab, haus luam yeeb thiab haus kas fes. Muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov macronutrient no nrog kev siv cov txiv ntoo, ntses, zaub ntsuab, thiab cov zaub mov nruj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis muaj vitamin D nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws yog absorbed tsis zoo thiab muaj ib tug me me ntawm calcium nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas seb nws qib twg, tus kws kho mob yuav piav qhia.
Lwm hom kev tshawb fawb
Kev kuaj ntshav rau ionized calcium yog lwm hom kev sim. Qhov no yog calcium, uas tsis txuam nrog cov tshuaj, nws circulates dawb do nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias nws yog tus uas koom nrog ntau dua hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic.
Kev kuaj ntshav rau ionized calcium ua rau nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas calcium metabolism. Nws yog nqa tawm ua ke nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov calcium, nrog rau acidity. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no raug pom zoo nyob rau hauv xws li:
- thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hemodialysis;
- kuaj mob parathyroid hyperfunctions thiab kab mob oncological;
- noj calcium, bicarbonate thiab Heparin;
- kho mob tom qab phais,raug mob hnyav thiab kub hnyiab.
Ua rau qis calcium - hypocalcemia
Feem ntau yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov tsawg ntawm albumin, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ionized calcium nyob rau hauv ib txwm ntau yam, thiab qhov tsis txaus yog sau tseg tsuas yog txuam nrog cov proteins, piv txwv li, calcium metabolism tsis ua hauj lwm tsis tas. Cov hauv qab no tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws qhov poob:
- Noj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab laxatives, glucocorticoids, cytostatics.
- Hmoov tsis muaj magnesium.
- Rickets in a me nyuam.
- Kidney disease.
- mob raws plab.
- Cirrhosis ntawm daim siab.
- Tus mob pancreatitis.
- YVitamin D deficiency.
- ntshav phosphate.
- Kev muaj tus mob osteoblastic metastases.
- Immunity rau parathyroid hormone.
- Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov qog parathyroid lossis mob tom qab tshem tawm.
Cov tsos mob ntawm hypocalcemia. Kev kho zaub mov
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb uas qhia tias muaj cov calcium uas tsawg yog qaug zog, tsis meej pem, ko taw thiab tes, thiab rov qab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog:
- mob taub hau;
- teeb meem nco;
- ntse ntiv tes;
- pain syndrome hauv pob qij txha thiab pob txha;
- siab poob;
- mob hauv lub epigastrium;
- cov nails brittle;
- caries;
- kab mob periodontal.
Rau tsaqib calcium, nws raug pom zoo kom kho koj cov zaub mov kom suav nrog:
- khoom noj;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav;
- fish;
- txiv ntseej;
- legumes;
- zaub roj;
- fruit juice;
- chocolate;
- cocoa;
- cabbage;
- bread with bran.
Ntxiv mus, tus kws kho mob yuav sau cov tshuaj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus no.
Ua rau muaj calcium ntau
Yog tias kev kuaj ntshav rau calcium pom tias cov ntsuas ntsuas siab dhau lawm, qhov no txhais tau tias ntau dhau ntawm txhua daim ntawv. Tus mob no yog tus yam ntxwv li hypercalcemia. Yeej, txhua tus neeg mob ntawm tus mob no yog txuam nrog nws nkag mus los ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg mus rau hauv cov ntshav los yog los ntawm cov zaub mov noj, thaum lub raum clearance ntawm calcium txo.
Yog vim li cas rau qhov xwm txheej no:
- Neoplasms ntawm cov qog parathyroid.
- YHemoblastoses.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Kidney disease.
- YThyrotoxicosis.
- YVitamin D ntau dhau.
- Nyob ntev immobilization vim raug mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm hypercalcemia. Kev kho mob
Daim duab kho mob hauv qab no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nce calcium hauv cov ntshav:
- urolithiasis;
- Ypyelonephritis;
- faus;
- nausea;
- ntua;
- tsis muaj zog;
- cem quav.
Tau pom qhov ua rau muaj qhov nce ntxiv, tus kws kho mob yuav sau cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub normalization ntawm haus cawv. Qee zaum nws raug pom zoonce nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntawm cov dej haus, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lub raum yuav ntau intensively tshem tawm calcium los ntawm lub cev. Qee lub sij hawm lawv siv cov tshuaj infusions. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj uas tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob txha. Cov txheej txheem kho mob hemodialysis yuav xav tau. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib co concomitant pathologies, corticosteroids qhia.
Tam sim no koj paub tias nws yog dab tsi - kuaj ntshav rau calcium. Nws tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas thiab pib kho raws sijhawm rau cov kab mob pathological uas txhim kho nrog qhov tsis muaj lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov macronutrient.
