Kev tiv thaiv yog lub ntsiab tiv thaiv ntawm peb lub cev, uas pab nws tua kab mob. Dab tsi ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob? Dab tsi cuam tshuam nws txoj kev tsim? Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb? Cia peb kawm paub.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab nws lub luag haujlwm
Koj puas tau pom tias muaj cov neeg mob ntau zaus hauv ib xyoos, thiab qee qhov yuav luag tsis tau? Vim li cas qee cov tib neeg raug mob hnyav thaum lwm tus tsis yog? Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no yog hom kev ruaj ntseg uas muab kev tiv thaiv peb ib puag ncig. Yog tias tsis muaj zog txaus, lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam kab mob yooj yim.
Txhua feeb peb raug tawm tsam los ntawm ntau yam kab mob (protozoa, kab mob, fungi). Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob mob siab rau lawv, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab kev loj hlob ntxiv. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv rau co toxins, preservatives, tshuaj, thiab tshem tawm cov uas tsis siv los yog tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub cev nws tus kheej.
Nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm nws qhov tau txais, ntuj thiabdag, tshwj xeeb thiab nonspecific tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog ib tug complex holistic mechanism, sawv cev los ntawm tshwj xeeb lub cev thiab cov hlwb. Ua ke lawv tsim lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv thiab nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus txawv teb chaws.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Kev tiv thaiv lub cev yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws lub cev yog muab faib ua central thiab peripheral. Thawj muaj xws li thymus caj pas, pob txha pob txha, Fabricius hnab. Lawv tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (macrophages, plasma cells, T- thiab B-lymphocytes) hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.
Cov kab mob peripheral yog cov qog nqaij hlav, spleen, neuroglia, tawv nqaij, lymphatic ntaub so ntswg. Cov no yog cov kabmob thib ob uas nyob hauv qhov chaw uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem nkag mus. Lawv siv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tua "cov kab tsuag."
Kev tsim cov hlwb tiv thaiv tshwm sim ntau txoj hauv kev. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau txais, thiab lwm qhov yog tsim thaum lub neej, tom qab mob. Yog li, muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis tshwj xeeb. Lub cev tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv lub cev txawv teb chaws los yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kuj tseem muab faib ua ntuj tsim thiab tsim.
Kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev
Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshwj xeeb yog feem ntau hu ua kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, feem. Cov yav tas yog muaj rau peb los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm lub neej. Nws kis tau genetic nyob rau hauv tib hom. Ua tsaug rau nwsIb tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem kis tau qee yam kab mob uas tshwj xeeb rau qee yam tsiaj, xws li bovine dysentery lossis canine distemper.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev muaj nyob hauv txhua yam kab mob. Nws tau raug hu ua tsis yog tshwj xeeb vim nws tsis tawm tsam ib qho tshwj xeeb antigen. Nws tau tsim thaum pib ntawm evolution thiab, tsis zoo li qhov tau txais, tsis muaj lub cim xeeb kom paub txog hom kab mob. Qhov no yog peb lub hauv paus teeb meem, uas yog tshwm sim tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hem. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim yog mob.
Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog suav tias yog qhov tseeb. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los rhuav tshem nws. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kev cuam tshuam ntev rau ionizing hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau nws tsis muaj zog.
Tau txais kev tiv thaiv
Kauj Ruam thib ob hauv kev tawm tsam cov kab mob txawv teb chaws thiab cov tshuaj yog kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub neej thiab hloov nrog txhua yam mob.
Thaum pom muaj kev hem thawj, tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam nws. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog "nco" ntawm cov kab mob nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv raug tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ib tug tshwj xeeb alien kab mob thiab tom qab ntawd yuav muaj peev xwm tiv nws.
Yog li, txhua tus kab mob tshiab ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab, tso rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum "tus yeeb ncuab" tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev dua, cov hlwb tiv thaiv yuav paub txog nws thiab muaj peev xwmtshem tawm sai dua.
Tsis yog txhua tus kab mob hauv lub cev ua rau tib yam nkaus. Rau qee cov kab mob, nws txaus los mob ib zaug xwb, kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob loj dua thiab "tsis txhob kaw" cov kab mob pathogenic. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob qhua pias, qhua pias, tularemia, hnoos hawb pob. Influenza thiab dysentery ua txawv heev. Tom qab lawv, tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv ib ntus raug tsim, uas kav ntev txog plaub lub hlis. Thiab yog hais tias tus kab mob yog tib hom. Raws li koj paub, tus mob khaub thuas muaj ntau txhiab tus…
Hom kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb
Tau txais cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim tom qab ntau dua li hauv lub cev. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution thiab sawv cev rau ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws adaptations ntawm ciaj sia taus. Yog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, peb yuav mob ntau zaus.
Thaum nws tsim tawm hauv lub cev nws tus kheej (tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis ntawm nws tus kheej), nws hu ua nquag. Nws yog hu ua passive yog npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Lawv tuaj yeem kis mus rau tus menyuam los ntawm leej niam lub colostrum, lossis lawv tuaj yeem muab nrog tshuaj lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum kho mob.
Kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ntuj tsim. Thawj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tib neeg, uas yog, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntuj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug natural txoj kev. Nws tuaj yeem ua tsis tau (xws li colostrum) lossis nquag (tso tshwm tom qab muaj kab mob).
Immune Factors
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kis kab mob thiab kab mob microbes ua tsaug rau ntau yamyam. Lawv yog cellular, humoral los yog physiological mechanisms. Nonspecific tiv thaiv kab mob yog sawv cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, enzymes. Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov kua qaub-puag ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab thiab txawm tias… txham.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yog thawj zaug uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev hem thawj. Lawv ua txhua yam lawv ua tau los rhuav tshem nws. Piv txwv li, cov secrets ntawm cov qog sebaceous thiab hws ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsis pub microbes ntau. Kua qaub thiab kua muag rhuav tshem lawv.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas pab ua kom lub cev txawv teb chaws, ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov kev loj hlob. Lawv suav nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev tsis haum tshuaj, kev tua neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm lymphocytes. Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej kuj yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob phagocytosis, uas cov kab mob pathogenic tau nqus los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb - phagocytes.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kab mob?
Nyob hauv peb lub neej, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tu ncua hloov thiab kho, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom ua kom nws zoo. Yog lawm, ntau nyob ntawm caj ces, tab sis txoj kev ua neej kuj cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv ncaj qha.
Cov lus qhia tiv thaiv kab mob yog tus qauv zoo nkauj, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no, tej zaum, yog qhov tsis tu ncua. Nov yog qee cov cai ua raws:
- Eat a balanced diet.
- Tau active.
- Siv sij hawm los so.
- Tsis txhobkev nyuaj siab thiab ua haujlwm dhau.
- Nyob nraum zoov.
- Nyob ntau zaus thiab muaj kev xav zoo.
