Kev kuaj ntshav rau erythrocyte osmotic resistance (RBC) tsis tshua muaj. Qhov kev kuaj no feem ntau yog ua thaum xav tias hemolytic anemia. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pab txiav txim siab lub neej voj voog thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav liab daim nyias nyias. Qhov kev kuaj mob no feem ntau yog sau los ntawm hematologists. Txoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem ua tsis tau hauv txhua lub chaw kuaj mob. WSE tau ua tiav hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm txog cov kab mob ntshav, nrog rau hauv qee qhov chaw sim them nyiaj ("Veralab", "Unilab", thiab lwm yam) INVITRO tsis txiav txim siab osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes.
WEM yog dab tsi
WRE yog qhov tsis kam ntawm cov qe ntshav liab rau kev puas tsuaj: kub lossis qis, tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau kev ntxhov siab. Kev tiv thaiv feem ntau yog kuaj pom hauv kev sim kuajCov qe ntshav liab rau sodium chloride (NaCl). Thaum lub sij hawm sim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub seb qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj no ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov no yuav pab qhia tawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov ntshav cell membranes rau siab thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj ntsev (osmosis). Cov qe ntshav liab li qub tuaj yeem tiv taus. Lawv tseem muaj zog, thiab lawv cov plhaub tseem nyob tsis muaj zog. Qhov no yog hu ua osmotic tsis kam ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj cov qe ntshav uas tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kev tawm tsam. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov qe ntshav liab no tawm hauv lub cev.
Yuav ua li cas WEM tshawb fawb
txhawm rau txiav txim siab osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntshav thiab sodium chloride tov yog saib xyuas. Cov khoom xyaw no sib xyaw ua ke sib npaug.
Yog tias qhov concentration ntawm sodium chloride tov yog 0.85%, ces nws hu ua isotonic (los yog saline). Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntsev qis, cov tshuaj hu ua hypotonic, thiab ntawm cov ntsev ntau dua, nws hu ua hypertonic. Hauv cov tshuaj isotonic, erythrocytes tsis tawg, hauv cov tshuaj hypotonic lawv o thiab tawg, thiab hauv cov tshuaj hypertonic lawv ntsws thiab tuag.
Yuav ua li cas tsom xam ua tiav
Txoj kev txiav txim siab osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes yog txuam nrog kev siv cov tshuaj hypotonic nrog qhov concentration ntawm 0.22 txog 0.7%. Tib cov ntshav muab tso rau hauv lawv. Qhov sib tov no yog khaws cia li ntawm ib teev ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab tom qab ntawd raug rau kev ua haujlwm hauvcentrifuge. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xim ntawm cov kua yog pom. Thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm erythrocyte tawg, qhov sib tov ua liab me ntsis, thiab thaum cov qe ntshav raug puas tsuaj tag, nws tig liab.
Yog li, thaum txiav txim siab osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes, 2 qhov ntsuas tau txais: yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj.
Qhov kev sim no pab txiav txim seb qhov ua rau muaj ntshav liab. Tus neeg mob cov ntshav yog muab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Tsis muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb lossis kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb ua ntej kuaj.
Resistance rate
Tus qauv ntawm WEM qhov taw qhia tsis nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus neeg mob. Kev txo qis me ntsis ntawm tus nqi no yog pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, thiab nce hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos.
Tus qauv ntawm osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes yog suav tias yog qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws - los ntawm 0.32 txog 0.34% thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus - los ntawm 0.46 txog 0.48%.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib txwm erythrocytes qhia qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuaj nrog cov concentration ntawm 0.32 - 0.34%, thiab tsawg kawg - hauv 0.43 - 0.48%.
Yog vim li cas tsis lees txais
Qee zaum, WEM tuaj yeem siab dua lossis qis dua tus qauv. Kev nce hauv qhov tsis kam ntawm cov qe ntshav liab yog pom nyob rau hauv hemolytic jaundice. Hauv qhov no, kev nce hauv bilirubin tshwm sim, thiab cov roj cholesterol tau tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm erythrocytes. Thiab tseem muaj qhov nce hauv ORE tshwm sim nrog qhov txawv txav ntawm erythrocyte membrane (spherocytosis) thiab nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv ntawm hemoglobin (hemoglobinopathies).
Txo qis hauv osmotic tsis kamRBC tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- kab mob ntshav, tshem tawm ntawm tus po, ntshav poob loj.
- Mob plawv pathologies. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qe ntshav liab zoo li tus kheej kheej thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau sab nraud.
- Cov noob caj noob ces uas cov qe ntshav liab zoo li cov pob. Cov hlwb hloov pauv no muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg.
- Ntau cov qe ntshav liab qub, nrog cov membrane permeability siab. Qhov no yuav yog vim muaj kab mob raum. Nws yog lub cev no uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau tshem cov qe ntshav qub ntawm lub cev.
Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog qee hom ntshav qab zib, WEM qhov taw qhia yuav nyob li qub. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov kev ua ntawm erythrocyte enzyme (G-6-PDG) tsis txaus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsom xam yuav nyob rau hauv qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg mob muaj tag nrho cov tsos mob ntawm anemia.
Norm txwv
Hauv kev tshawb fawb, cov ciam teb ntawm osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes tau txiav txim siab. Tshaj lossis txo qis cov ntsuas no yuav txhais tau tias muaj kab mob.
Qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm WEM feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.32%. Yog tias tsis kam ua tsawg dua qhov ntsuas no, qhov no yuav qhia tau cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- hemoglobinopathy;
- ncig jaundice;
- kev tshem tawm spleen;
- thalassemia;
- polycythemia;
- poob ntshav txaus.
Yog tias qhov qis dua ntawm osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes dhau 0.48%, ces qhov no yuav yog nrog ntau hom hemolytic.anemia thiab tom qab tshuaj lom tshuaj txhuas.
Nrog qee hom ntshav pathologies, ciam teb ntawm WEM tuaj yeem nthuav dav. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim nrog ntshav qab zib cuam tshuam nrog vitamin B12 tsis txaus thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thaum muaj teeb meem hemolytic.
Suab thiab loj hlob ntawm cov qe ntshav liab
Lub osmotic tsis kam ntawm erythrocytes nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov hlwb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qis dua hauv cov qe ntshav liab, uas muaj lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag lossis lub ntsej muag. Xws li cov hlwb muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam. Cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab tuaj yeem yog los ntawm keeb kwm los yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov kev laus.
Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qe ntshav liab kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv lub hnub nyoog. Qhov kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws yog pom nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov hlwb uas muaj lub tiaj tus.
Cim txwv kev ua txhaum ntawm WEM
Thaum muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam rau WEM, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg mob ib txwm hloov pauv. Cov neeg mob yws txog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- faus;
- kev tawg dav dav;
- xeev khuam, tas li xav pw;
- tawv nqaij;
- poob qab los;
- tsis tsim nyog nce hauv qhov kub;
- poob phaus.
Cov kev tshwm sim no yog tshwm sim los ntawm oxygen tshaib plab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Feem ntau, nrog kev sib txawv hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntawm ORE, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom paub meej qhov ua rau ntawm pathology. Yog tias cov kab mob tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob caj ces, tom qab kev kho mob, cov qe ntshav liab rov zoo li qub.
Thaumua txhaum ntawm erythrocyte tsis kam, cov neeg mob tau sau tshuaj corticosteroid cov tshuaj hormones, vitamins (folic acid), tshuaj muaj hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nrog kev mob hnyav heev ntawm tus kab mob, kev phais yog ua kom tshem tawm tus po.
Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm erythrocyte tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tau tsim. Muaj ntau hom kev sib txawv no yog keeb kwm. Xws li cov neeg mob xav tau kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho caj ces kom cov neeg mob tsis txhob kis tus kab mob rau lawv cov menyuam. Peb kuj xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm hemolytic ntsoog. Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau muab tej yam kev mob rau zoo hematopoiesis. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum noj cov vitamins thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib, nrog rau kev noj zaub mov nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau txaus. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm hemolytic tshwm sim, thiab qee zaum txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm WEM tsom xam.
