Tib neeg qaum ris ris lub nra hnyav, yog li dhau sijhawm, nws cov ntaub so ntswg pib tawg. Nws yog cov txheej txheem degenerative uas underlies txoj kev loj hlob ntawm osteochondrosis, nyob rau hauv uas cov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau vertebrae lawv tus kheej, intervertebral discs, ligaments.
Raws li tus kab mob no zuj zus, nce kev txav mus los ntawm cov kab mob vertebrae tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj kev khaus ntawm cov paj hlwb thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob. Pathology tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam nkaus xwb lossis ua haujlwm.
Cov osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha caj qaum yog kuaj tau yog tias ob lossis ntau qhov chaw khaus. Hom kab mob no hnyav heev thiab tshwm sim hauv txhua tus neeg mob thib rau.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob
Nrog hnub nyoog, intervertebral discs muaj hnub nyoog thiab hnav tawm. Nyuaj loads ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum thiab kev ua neej tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lawv cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub vertebrae thiab lub xeev ntawm cov discs provokes kev loj hlob ntawm osteochondrosis. nwstus kab mob muaj cov tsos mob.
Cov osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum (raws li ICD-10 code M42) yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tus txha caj qaum ib zaug. Daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no suav hais tias yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov neeg mob muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no.
Feem ntau qhov swb ntawm tus kab mob no tau pom hauv tib neeg tom qab 40 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij sau tseg tias pathology tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Kev tshwm sim
Cov osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha caj qaum (ICD-10 - M42) tshwm sim nrog kev swb ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev ib zaug. Pathological hloov pauv tuaj yeem pib hauv cheeb tsam thoracic, maj mam ntes lub xub pwg nyom, caj dab, sacrum thiab sab nraub qaum. Tus tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv poob qis heev, yog li tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ua sai sai.
Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus kab mob yog osteoarthritis ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab osteochondrosis nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lub department, uas maj mam pib mus zuj zus thiab cuam tshuam rau cov cheeb tsam nyob ib sab ntawm tus txha nraub qaum thiab pob qij txha tsis muaj zog los ntawm osteoarthritis. Ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau hais:
- kev phais tus txha caj qaum;
- hnub nyoog hloov pauv;
- tsis muaj zog nqaij tawv;
- overweight;
- mob siab rau lub cev ua si;
- malnutrition;
- metabolic disorder;
- kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog.
Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 15% ntawm cov neeg mob, cov neeg mob osteochondrosis raug kuaj pomkab mob sib kis.
Cov kab mob metabolic thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg kawg ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob txha mos nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab, vim tias cov leeg tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem txhawb nqa pob txha hauv txoj haujlwm raug. Nyob rau hauv hnyav loads, cov intervertebral discs yog deformed thiab hloov chaw, squeezing hlab ntsha thiab paj hlwb xaus.
teeb meem tshwm sim. Cov ntaub so ntswg tsis tau txais kev noj zaub mov txaus, oxygen tshaib plab pib, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam osteochondrosis, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm qee qhov ntawm lub hlwb. Cov kab mob metabolic kuj provoke o. Yog li ntawd, hernias tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov vertebrae tsiv.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov dav osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha caj qaum tuaj yeem sib txawv. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm seb thaj chaw twg raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob. Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm qhov pib ntawm pathology yog suav tias yog qhov mob rov qab. Lawv cov tsos mob feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav tam sim ntawd, lub caij nplooj zeeg, lossis tsuas yog nqa qhov hnyav. Qhov xwm ntawm qhov mob tuaj yeem txawv, xws li:
- tsis xis nyob;
- dull, rub cov tsos mob;
- lumbago nrog mob hnyav.
Ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum osteochondrosis, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv nruj thiab mob nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom thiab interscapular cheeb tsam. Tsis xis nyob kuj tuaj yeem nyob hauv siab thiab caj npab. Tshav pob txha thiab tingling nyob rau thaj chaw no.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nthuav dav osteochondrosis ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum yog qhia los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- mob taub hau;
- kiv taub hau;
- hloov lub suab ntawm lub suab;
- hypotension lossis kub siab;
- tsis hnov lus thiab tsis pom kev;
- teeb meem hniav.
Ntxiv tau pom cov kev hloov pauv pathological hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tshwm sim:
- mob plab thaum ua pa tob, txham, luag;
- cim qhia ntawm intercostal neuralgia;
- txwv kev txav ntawm lub cev, caj npab, caj dab;
- cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hauv nruab nrog cev.
Ntau zaus, cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm kev txav mus los thiab ploj mus thaum so. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav osteochondrosis ntawm lub lumbar qaum, qhov mob tau pom thaum taug kev. Tej zaum yuav muaj tingling thiab kub hnyiab ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau osteochondrosis ntawm lub lumbosacral qaum, muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv defecation thiab tso zis, spontaneous spasms thiab cov leeg tsis muaj zog, thiab kev sib deev dysfunction.
Diagnostics
Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum osteochondrosis yog qhov yooj yim heev, vim tias tus kab mob muaj cov tsos mob hnyav. Thaum xub thawj, tus kws kho mob ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab tom qab ntawd sau cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb ntxiv. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- xov tooj cua ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam;
- CT;
- MRI.
Lub sijhawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kuaj mob no, cov duab yuav tsum tau ua hauv txhua ntu uas xav tias osteochondrosis. Nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb uas tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Txoj kev kho mob
Kev kho mob ntawm cov pob txha pob txha pob txha feem ntau yog kev saib xyuas. Kev ntsuas kev kho mob raug xaiv raws li qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov pauv pathological. Txij li nws txuas ntxiv, kev kho mob yuav ntev.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ntsuas kev kho mob feem ntau suav nrog kev kho phau ntawv, acupuncture, physiotherapy, kev kho mob. Cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob muaj xws li lub sij hawm ntawm exacerbation thiab remission. Nrog exacerbation, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog sau. Lawv qhov kev txiav txim yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov ntaub so ntswg o thiab txo qhov mob. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav heev, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov novocaine blockade.
Thaum kev zam txim, kev kho tus kheej tau ua tiav. Nws yog tsom rau nthuav qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub vertebrae thiab tso tawm cov hlab ntsha xa mus. Thaum cov pob txha tawg lawm, lawv rov qab mus rau qhov qub.
Kev kho mob gymnastics ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis nws yuav tsum ua tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws qhia tsim nyog. Thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation, lub cev ua si yuav tsum raug cais tawm, vim tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim.
Muaj qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob, uas yuav tsum tau phais. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kho mob no txaustxaus ntshai. Txawm tias tus kws phais neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov kev vam meej. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev rov qab los ntev. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los nqa tus kab mob mus rau qhov siab kawg. Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum osteochondrosis tshwm sim, kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem txaus ntshai. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau hloov txoj kev ua neej thiab ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ib ntus.
Drug therapy
Tshuaj kho mob ntawm cov kab mob osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej zoo ntawm cov neeg mob. Txawm hais tias lub tuam tsev twg raug cuam tshuam, pawg tshuaj hauv qab no raug sau tseg:
- Yanti-inflammatory;
- loj analgesics;
- muscle relaxants;
- chondroprotectors.
Vitamin B;
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog suav tias yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws uas pab tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Lawv txo qhov hnyav ntawm qhov mob, qhov mob, thiab txawm tias kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog Diclofenac, Piroxicam, Indomethacin.
Cov tshuaj loog hauv zos pab txo qhov mob hnyav ntawm qee qhov chaw ntawm nraub qaum. Cov nqaij ntshiv cuam tshuam nrog kev so cov leeg ntawm nraub qaum, uas txo qhov mob hnyav thiab ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev tawm suab.
B vitamins yuav tsum tau tswj thiab ua kom cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Lawv normalize paj hlwb conduction vimrestoration ntawm tag nrho cov metabolism. Chondroprotectors yog cov tshuaj mus sij hawm ntev uas maj mam nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm pob txha mos. Nyob rau hauv lub intervertebral discs, lawv stabilize cov metabolism, uas txo cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob thiab txo cov kev siv ntawm cov tsos mob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog "Artra", "Chondrolon", "Protecon". Txhua yam tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob nkaus xwb, xaiv cov tshuaj kom raug thiab kev tswj hwm.
massage and physiotherapy
Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov pob txha osteochondrosis, massage thiab physiotherapy ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem physiotherapy cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Lawv yog tsom rau normalizing metabolism, ntshav khiav, txo cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho lub cev feem ntau, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau qhia:
- phonophoresis;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetotherapy;
- electromyostimulation;
- laser kho;
- kub;
- UHF txoj kev kho.
Rov qab zaws muaj tib lub hom phiaj raws li kev kho lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob ua mob rau tus neeg mob.
kho mob gymnastics
Nrog cov kab mob osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, kev kho mob qoj ib ce ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, vim kev tawm dag zog tsis yog tsuas yog cov txheej txheem pathological xwb, tab sis kuj tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, uas txo qhov xav tau tshuaj.
Thawj chav kawmKev tawm dag zog lub cev yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, pib ntawm 30 feeb ib hnub. Maj mam, qhov kev siv ntawm kev tawm dag zog thiab qhov zaus ntawm lawv qhov kev siv tau nce, uas tso cai rau koj kom normalize cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qaum. Cov chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob ce yog ntxiv los ntawm kev ua luam dej. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog tso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj kev thauj khoom zoo ntawm cov leeg nraub qaum, tab sis kuj tshem tawm kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau cov discs intervertebral.
Dieting
Khoom noj khoom haus rau osteochondrosis yuav tsum yog txhawm rau muab lub cev nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tswj lub cev hnyav. Kev rog dhau tuaj yeem ua rau koj xav tsis zoo. Txog ib feem peb ntawm cov khoom noj yuav tsum yog cov protein. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntses, nqaij, legumes, ceev, nceb.
Phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, vitamins yog xav tau los txhawb cov pob txha. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus yuav tsum yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tshiab, zaub thiab butter, bran, khoom noj siv mis, qe.
Los ntawm haus luam yeeb, kib, cov khoom noj qab ntsev thiab cov khoom ua tiav yuav tsum tau tso tseg, vim tias lawv tsis tsuas yog ua rau qhov hnyav nce, tab sis kuj ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg ua rau tsis zoo. Yog tias cov txheej txheem pathological tau cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam, ces nws tsim nyog txo cov ntsev kom tsawg.
Kev ua haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha caj qaum, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem raug sau tseg, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev phais yas ntawm intervertebral disc lossis nws hloov nrog prosthesis.
Nws nyuaj heev los kho tus kab mob no, vim tias ob peb ntu ntawm sab nraub qaum raug puas tsuaj ib zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum khiavtxheej txheem, kev ua haujlwm tseem yuav tsum tau ua. Hauv qhov no, cov kab mob feem ntau raug tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw puas tshaj plaws.
Tom qab ua haujlwm, kho dua tshiab, uas yuav pab rov qab ua haujlwm ploj mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws.
Kev kho mob rau exacerbations
Cov osteochondrosis ntawm tus txha caj qaum (ICD-10: M42) yog ib qho kab mob nyuaj uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm exacerbation thiab tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm relapses, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv txoj kev kho mob uas yuav pab tau sai sai tshem tawm cov tsos mob uas twb muaj lawm.
Antispasmodics, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab diuretics yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj. Yog tias cov tshuaj tsis muaj qhov xav tau, ces cov tshuaj novocaine blockade, uas pab kom tsis txhob mob rau 2 hnub.
Rau qhov kho kom zoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, tiv thaiv kev txav ntawm cov pob txha thiab txo qis, siv cov ntaub qhwv caj dab thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Thaum tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev zam txim, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov txheej txheem uas tsis ua rau lub cev ntau dhau. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov kev kho mob lossis kev kho mob ntawm tes.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Yog tias kev kho mob tsis ua raws sijhawm, cov teeb meem txaus ntshai yuav tshwm sim dhau sijhawm. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- degenerative disc kab mob;
- spondylarthrosis;
- stenosis.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hnav ntawm ib lossis ntau dua intervertebral discs, uas ib txwm nqus kev sib txhuam ntawm cov vertebrae. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yuavtsim hernial protrusions. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau compression ntawm cov hlab ntsha xaus lossis txawm tias tus txha caj qaum.
Spondyloarthrosis yog qhov mob ntawm ib lossis ntau lub ntsej muag pob qij txha txuas rau cov pob txha uas nyob ib sab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob txha mos, kev sib txhuam ntawm cov pob txha mob tshwm sim thiab cov pob txha loj hlob tuaj.
Stenosis yog maj mam nqaim ntawm tus txha caj qaum cuam tshuam nrog compression ntawm tus txha caj qaum thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv thaj chaw uas lawv nkag mus thiab tawm ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem zoo sib xws yog provoked los ntawm lwm hom osteochondrosis.
prophylaxis
Txhawm rau txwv cov txheej txheem pathological, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov lus qhia no:
- sim txav kom ntau li ntau tau;
- tshem tawm lub cev ntau dhau;
- saib xyuas koj qhov hnyav thiab metabolism.
Koj yuav tsum tau kho mus ntev rau kev kho mob osteochondrosis, txij li thawj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob tshwm sim tom qab li 1.5 xyoo.
