Glucocorticosteroids - yog dab tsi? Cov tshuaj hormones synthesized los ntawm adrenal cortex, nrog rau ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj hluavtaws uas muaj peev xwm zoo hauv kev kho mob, dais lub npe no. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub lawv txhais tau tias yog steroids. Qhov ua tau ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm cov tshuaj hormones no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim. Synthetic glucocorticosteroids inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev.
Hom glucocorticosteroids
Glucocorticoids xws li cortisol, cortisone thiab corticosterone yog ntuj steroid hormones ntawm adrenal cortex. Lawv lub ntsiab ntau lawm yog nqa tawm raws li kev sib tw txhua hnub. Ib tug loj npaum li cas yog tso tawm nrog ib tug ntxiv xav tau rau cov tshuaj hormones nyob rau hauv lub cev. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm progesterone nyob rau hauv fascicular thiab reticular txheej ntawm adrenal cortex. Hauv cov ntshav lawv raug thauj los ntawm transcortin. Glucocorticoids ua los ntawm intracellular receptors. Lawv cuam tshuam cov metabolism ntawm carbohydrates, proteins thiab rog. Cov tshuaj hormones no kuj inhibit cov txheej txheem inflammatory, yog li lawv hu ua anti-inflammatory.tshuaj steroids. Lawv tsim nyog los kov yeej cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Synthetic hom tshuaj hormones
Synthetic glucocorticosteroids - yog dab tsi? Synthetic glucocorticosteroids (corticosteroids) yog siv los ua cov tshuaj kho mob, cov npe hu ua steroids yooj yim. Lawv muaj lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.
Hauv kev kho tshuaj kho mob - feem ntau yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tsawg dua - raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua xua lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, siv glucocorticosteroids. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob yog dav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm insufficiency ntawm lub adrenal cortex. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, piv txwv li, txhawm rau thaiv phospholipase A2, uas ua rau txo qis hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj kho mob.
Raws li txoj cai, cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog siv los kho cov tshuaj hormones, uas tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los noj cov tshuaj no hauv ib koob tshuaj thiab ua raws li lub cev muaj zog ntawm cortisol secretion hauv lub cev, uas yog, thaum sawv ntxov. Kev kho mob nrog glucocorticosteroids suav nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tswj hwm nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev kho mob (kom tsis txhob muaj atrophy ntawm adrenal cortex).
Cov tshuaj steroids tuaj yeem siv qhov ncauj, thiab hauv cov mob hnyav (yog tias muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej) - hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj lossis infusions intravenously. Lawv siv yuav tsum tau tswj, i.e. thovtsuas yog thaum muaj kev qhia meej meej rau qhov no, suav nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim. Cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum yog tus kheej rau txhua tus neeg mob thiab hloov kho raws li qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob.
Glucocorticosteroids siv hauv kev kho mob dermatology
Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm adrenal cortex muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tau siv dav hauv dermatology rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov tshuaj pleev glucocorticosteroids yog cov tshuaj siv ntau tshaj plaws los kho cov kab mob dermatological. Lawv tuaj yeem siv, ntawm lwm tus, hauv kev kho mob ntawm:
- eczema;
- dermatitis;
- erythema.
Glucocorticosteroid ointment yog siv los kho psoriasis. Gels, cream, lotions kuj yog siv los txo cov tsos mob ntawm o thiab khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov kua dej uas muaj cov tshuaj hormones steroid yog pom zoo siv rau ntawm tawv taub hau. Ob leeg nrog kev kho mob tas mus li thiab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm kev siv steroid, kev siv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog yog qhov zoo dua (kom tiv thaiv kev mob tshwm sim).
Steroids hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub ntsws
Cov tshuaj Hormonal ntawm txhua yam tshuaj siv los kho cov kab mob bronchial muaj zog tshaj plaws. Tom qab lawv qhia, muaj qhov txo qis hauv mucosal edema thiab mucus secretion, ib txwm bronchial epithelium rov qab los. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm steroids rau hauv lub cev suppresses lub sij hawm lig ntawm kev tsis haum, thiabkuj yog ib qho kev nce ntxiv ntawm bronchi. Qhov txawv:
- Glucocorticosteroids nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inhalation tshuaj loog. Lawv yog hom tshuaj uas nyiam tshaj plaws los siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm txhua hom mob hawb pob.
- Glucocorticosteroids siv los ua cov txheej txheem infusions rau hauv cov ntshav. Hom no tsuas yog siv rau hauv hom mob hawb pob bronchial xwb, thaum lwm txoj kev kho mob tsis ua haujlwm.
- Qhov ncauj steroids kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho lub sijhawm luv luv thaum lub ntsej muag.
Steroids hauv kev kho mob rheumatoid
Cov tshuaj siv los tiv thaiv rheumatism suav nrog glucocorticosteroids. Nws yog dab tsi, thiab cov tshuaj twg yog siv los kho rheumatism, peb yuav xav txog ntau yam ntxiv. Kab mob Rheumatoid muaj kev txwv hauv cov txheej txheem kho. Cov tshuaj steroid tsuas yog siv rau lub sijhawm luv luv xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kub taub hau (thaum lub sijhawm ua kom tus kab mob). Kev npaj ntawm pab pawg no kuj tau siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm tus txha nraub qaum. Glucocorticosteroids uas nquag siv hauv kev kho mob rheumatoid:
- prednisone, prednisolone, tsis tshua muaj dexamitasone (qhov ncauj);
- methylprednisone, betamethasone.
Glucocorticoids thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob hematological
Glucocorticosteroids (cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) feem ntau siv.siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov kab mob ntawm hematopoietic system. Nyob rau hauv nws pathogenesis, inflammatory kev tshwm sim thiab autoimmune phenomena yog ua tau. Prednisolone, thiab nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav methylprednisone, yog siv intravenously los kho anemia txuam nrog thrombocytopenia. Cov tshuaj steroids tuaj yeem siv los ntshav, raws li lawv ua rau muaj kev nce hauv platelet suav.
tshuaj Steroid rau adrenal insufficiency
Thaum "kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov qog adrenal", siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws glucocorticosteroids. Nws yog dab tsi, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog dab tsi? Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones corticoid (Addison tus kab mob). Corticosteroids yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus mob los yog ntev adrenal insufficiency. Ntawm cov tshuaj siv - cortisol (los yog hydrocortisol).
Glucocorticosteroids rau kev tsis haum tshuaj
Hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, glucocorticosteroids kuj tau siv. Cov kev kho mob zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob me me ntawm lub caij nyoog tsis haum rhinitis, conjunctivitis, nrog rau urticaria lossis inflammatory kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kab tom. Hydrocortisone (200 mg IV) lossis prednisolone (20 mg IV) feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj anaphylactic. Thiab qee cov tshuaj uas nrov tshaj plaws noj rau qhov ntswg los ntawm kev ua xua yog flunisolide thiab fluticasone, uas pab txo qhov ntswg qhov ntswg sai dua.
Cov teebmeem ntawm kev siv steroid
Ntau yam kev tshwm sim tshwm sim vim kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov metabolism hauv lub cev thaum cov tshuaj hormones ntawm adrenal cortex raug coj mus. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim nce ntxiv thaum cov tshuaj hauv pab pawg no tau siv ntev los yog siv tshuaj ntau. Lawv hom, zaus thiab qhov hnyav nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj.
Qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev siv corticosteroid suav nrog:
- nce ntshav qabzib (steroids tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm insulin);
- nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntshav qab zib;
- nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm plab hnyuv thiab duodenal rwj;
- pob txha thiab stunting ntawm cov menyuam yaus;
- Cushing's syndrome;
- mob hlwb (insomnia, mus ob peb vas hloov, manic-depressive xeev, schizophrenia);
- qaug dab peg hauv cov neeg mob qaug dab peg;
- adrenal insufficiency;
- siab.
Tsis tas li, kev siv tshuaj glucocorticoid hauv koob tshuaj ntau pab txhawb kev txhim kho candidiasis ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj qhuav, hnov qab, hnoos, los ntshav ntawm cov mucous membranes.
