Hauv kab lus, peb yuav xav txog vim li cas lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob. Dab tsi ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo no txhawj xeeb ntau tus poj niam. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, tus poj niam yuav tsum paub nws cov qauv thiab cov qauv. Qhov no yuav cawm koj ntawm ntau yam teeb meem thiab yuav tso cai rau koj nkag siab qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm pathology.
Kev tsim kho
Lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog qhov qis ntawm lub cev, uas yog, qhov chaw hloov ntawm qhov chaw mos mus rau lub tsev menyuam. Nws cov duab zoo ib yam li cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam nulliparous lub khob hliav qab lossis lub tog raj kheej tom qab yug menyuam. Qhov loj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Tus qauv yog hais txog 3-4 cm ntev, 2.5 cm dav. Nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam cev xeeb tub, lub caj dab luv ua ntej yug me nyuam thiab softens, uas yog, nws ua tus kwj dej yug me nyuam.
Txoj hauv caj dab
Muaj 2 qhov chaw ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam:
- qis nyob hauv qhov chaw mos (qhov chaw mos);
- upper, nyob saum qhov chaw mos (supravaginal part).
Cov kwj dej ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam khiav hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Nrog nws cov npoo yog pharynx - sab hauv, uasua rau lub uterine kab noj hniav, thiab sab nraud, nws qhib rau hauv qhov chaw mos. Lub tsev me nyuam kwj dej puv nrog mucus. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov qog tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws, nws yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv ntuj tsim rau lub tsev menyuam los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm cov kab mob microflora. Sab nraud pharynx yog ib qho chaw hloov pauv, uas yog suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lub caj dab. Lub pharynx no raug rau ntau yam kev pheej hmoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov qog nqaij hlav malignant.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog kev xeeb menyuam, yog li qhov mob hauv cheeb tsam no yuav tsum ceeb toom tus poj niam npaj cev xeeb tub. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb kom mus ntsib kws kho mob sai.
Cycle phases
Cov qauv, qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub cev yog cuam tshuam los ntawm theem ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws:
- pib lub voj voog - lub caj dab qis qis thiab tawv, nrog cov qauv ntom ntom.
- Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog yog ovulation. Lub caj dab acquires ib tug xoob qauv, softens. Mucus ua kua ntau, nyob rau hauv sib xws nws zoo li cov protein ntawm ib tug qaib qe. Tom qab ntawd nws tawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam rau qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm spermatozoa. Qhov qhib ntawm sab pharynx tshwm sim, vim li ntawd, lub caj dab nce siab dua. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev xeeb tub, thiab lub cev yog li npaj rau qhov no.
- Lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntog ua ntej pib kev coj khaub ncaws. Ib yam mob zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom thaum cev xeeb tub.
- Thaum ua poj niam cev xeeb tub, lub ncauj tsev menyuam nthuav dav kom cov ntshav txhaws dhau mus.
Puas yog lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob, nws txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg mob. Qhov no yog ib lub teeb liab rau ib tug poj niam txogua tau pathology. Cov laj thawj vim li cas nws tshwm sim tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg.
Mob rhiab tuaj yeem ua rau pathological lossis physiological, tab sis tsuas yog tus kws kho mob gynecologist tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv thiab txheeb xyuas lawv cov keeb kwm.
Mob kuj txawv ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim.
Pathological mob
Yog li, qhov tsis xis nyob uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob:
- Endocervicitis thiab cervicitis, o ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam feem ntau, ua rau mob ntev.
- Kev yaig, dysplasia lossis mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau ua rau mob hnyav thaum sib deev.
- Endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis provoke lingering mob.
- Fibroids, polyps thiab cysts - benign neoplasms ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam ua rau mob mob nrog qis siv.
lub ncauj tsev menyuam ua li cas?
mob lub cev
Muaj qhov mob ntawm lub cev:
- Thaum ua poj niam.
- After kho mob phais.
Qhov ua rau tus kab mob no yuav pom tseeb tsuas yog tom qab kuaj xyuas meej hauv tsev khomob lossis chaw khomob. Tej zaum ib qho latent asymptomatic chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv thawj theem. Mob caj dab tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.
Vim li cas lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob ntau zaus?
Muaj peev xwm pathologies uas tshwm sim feem ntau
Cia peb teev cov kab mob uas lub ncauj tsev menyuam feem ntau ua rau cov poj niam. Cov no suav nrog:
- Erythroplakia. Nws yog ib tug degree ntawm heev atrophy ntawm stratified epithelium, mus txog rau lub basal txheej. Vim li no, cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, yog li nws zoo li qhov chaw liab. Malignant degeneration ntawm pathology tsis suav nrog.
- Ectropion. Nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho eversion ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam mucosa. Qhov ua rau yog kev rho menyuam dhau los, npaj kho, lossis muaj teeb meem tom qab yug menyuam.
- Leukoplakia. Nyob rau hauv lub epithelium ntawm lub caj dab muaj me me qhov chaw ntawm ib tug dawb xim av. Qhov no tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog raug mob, kis kab mob, txo kev tiv thaiv, los yog hormonal imbalances nrog leukoplakia yooj yim. Daim ntawv txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob yog verrucous, uas tau pib los ntawm HPV nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm carcinogenesis. Kev tsom xam ntawm pathological yog txheej txheej ntawm ntau dhau ntawm epithelial keratinization, uas feem ntau yuav tsum tsis tuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm degeneration ntawm verrucous leukoplakia rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav tsis suav nrog. Yog hais tias muaj mob nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam nrog leukoplakia, ces tus kab mob twb nyob rau hauv ib tug siab heev daim ntawv.
- Erosion ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Lub mucous membrane ntawm lub epithelium ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog me ntsis puas, yaig tshwm sim. Feem ntau, qhov txhab lossis qhov txhab tuaj yeem kho tau ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev kho, yog tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv tsis saib xyuas thiab nrog mob hnyav, lub ncauj tsev menyuam yuav raug mob thiab los ntshav thaum muaj kev sib deev. Qee zaum lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob tom qab cauterization ntawm yaig.
- Ectopia (pseudo-erosion), congenital lossis kis tau. Lub epithelium ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam kwj dej tsis nyob rau hauv, tab sis sab nraum nws. Nws tuaj yeem pom hauvqhov chaw mos ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog kev kho tsis zoo ntawm kev yaig. Kev mob tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm pseudo-erosion yog qhov tsawg heev. Raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj cov tsos mob nrog xws li pathology, thiab qhov mob tau pom thaum kuaj tsis raug los ntawm gynecologist. Yog tias khaus khaus koom nrog, ces tus poj niam yuav mob hauv plab plab. Thaum lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim seb yog vim li cas.
- Benign neoplasm - Naboth's cyst, myoma thiab polyp. Cysts provoke qhov mob nrog qhov loj ntawm ntau tshaj 2 cm - nyob rau hauv xws li mob, yuav tsum tau ib tug puncture. Fibroids thiab polyps feem ntau ua rau pom, xim av tawm, thiab los ntshav ntxiv rau qhov mob.
Cytological smear thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv kev kuaj mob ntawm gynecologist yuav tsum tau noj tsis tu ncua txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thaum ntxov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tseeb dua yog pom nrog colposcopy thiab biopsy.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Qhia seb yog vim li cas lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob thaum cev xeeb tub.
Lub sijhawm no, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tswj lub cev. Nws yog nws tus mob uas cuam tshuam rau tus poj niam yug menyuam los tsis yog.
Tom qab lub qe tshwm sim, cov kev hloov tseem ceeb tos lub tsev menyuam. Nws sprouts nrog cov hlab ntsha tshiab, cov ntshav ntws nce ntxiv, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm progesterone, cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam o. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no, mob me me lossis, qhov tsis xis nyob xws li tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Lub ncauj tsev menyuam muaj xim xiav rau ntawm kev kuaj. Yog tus kws kho mob pom tias lub ncauj tsev menyuam mos thiab cov kwj dej qhib me ntsis, nws yuav xav tias yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo nchuav menyuam.
Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub, lub ncauj tsev menyuam luv thiab softens ntau - qhov no yog thawj lub cim qhia tias kev yug menyuam yuav los sai sai. Ib tug mucous plug tawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam kwj dej. Ib tug poj niam yuav hnov qhov kev cob qhia contractions, thaum lub caj dab mob.
Vim li cas lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob thaum cev xeeb tub?
Kev sib txawv ua tau
Qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov no yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas. Qhov no tshwm sim feem ntau:
- thaum uterine hypertonicity yog vim qis progesterone lossis qib prolactin siab, kev ntxhov siab, kis kab mob lossis kev tawm dag zog;
- cervical insufficiency - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tsev me nyuam qhov chaw tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub siab ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab los yog qhib vim hormonal tsis txaus, thiab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lumbar cheeb tsam thiab lub plab mog;
- endocervicitis - cov txheej txheem inflammatory nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam kwj dej los ntawm kev sib deev kab mob los yog kev ncig ntawm opportunistic microflora, pathological qhov chaw mos tawm kuj pom;
- erosion - tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm luv, rau 10-14 hnub, yog li tus neeg mob feem ntau tsis pom qhov mob.
Txhais tau
Puas txaus ntshai uas lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob heev?
Thaum tsis ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj lub cev thiab tsis quav ntsej qhov mob hauv lub cev, cov kab mob loj tshwm sim, xws li dysplasia thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Tshwj xeeb yog tias muaj HPV. Yog li koj yuav tsum ceev faj. Feem ntau, cov kab mob tsis saib xyuas ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav malignant.
Qee zaumib tug poj niam tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov kev yaig uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev rho menyuam ntau zaus lossis yug nyuaj, nrog rau qhov tsis zoo. Ntau tus kws kho mob los yog cia siab rau qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb uas txhua yam yuav dhau mus.
papillomas thiab polyps
Papillomas thiab polyps uas tsim ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb. Cov qub yog cov kab mob viral. Polyps yog ib qho overgrowth ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam caj pas. Txawm hais tias tsis zoo, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav yav tom ntej.
Oncology yog ib qho yooj yim los kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev kuaj histological. Nov yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob uas yuav tsis tshwm sim rau qee lub sijhawm.
mob ncauj tsev menyuam thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau nchuav menyuam ntxov lossis tom qab yug menyuam ntxov.
Ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo thiab ua txhua yam kev xeem.
Kev kho mob
Yog lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob, yuav tsum kho tam sim.
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob kom raug. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd mus kho mob.
Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm erythroplakia, dysplasia, leukoplakia, ectopia, ib yam ntawm cov kev phais yuav tsum tau. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog:
- cryolysis - kho thaj chaw cuam tshuam nrog liquefied nitrogen;
- xov tooj cua kho mob;
- diathermocoagulation - high zaus tam sim no cuam tshuam qhov teeb meem;
- conization ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam - ib feem ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam raug tshem tawm hauv cov duab ntawm lub khob;
- laser kho.
Hnub nyoog,qib ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm pathology thiab kev npaj rau cev xeeb tub cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm kev phais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob immunomodulatory yog nqa tawm.
Nrog rau qhov kev kuaj mob li ectropion, tus kws kho mob thawj zaug txiav txim siab qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj foci ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Ces lub ncauj tsev menyuam rov qab los. Kev kho mob raug xaiv los ntawm tus kheej. Cov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj heev.
Tam sim no, tshuaj coagulation yog nrov heev hauv kev kho mob me me ectopias. Kev tsom xam yog kho nrog tshuaj ("Solkovagin", "Vagotil")
Feem ntau, kev kho mob tsis mob, tab sis kev tsis xis nyob me ntsis yuav hnov.
Benign neoplasms feem ntau raug tshem tawm phais. Tab sis qee zaum kev saib xyuas kev kho mob yog txaus. Cov tshuaj hormonal raug sau yog tias lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob.
Thaum npaj cev xeeb tub, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom paub meej kom tsis suav nrog cov kab mob hauv tsev menyuam. Yog tias lawv pom, lawv ua ntej ua kev kho mob, tom qab ntawd kev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Peb saib seb nws txhais li cas yog lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob. Yuav ua li cas nrog cov kab mob no kuj tau piav qhia meej.
