Oncomarkers yog cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm lub cev thaum lub qog loj hlob. Lub npe "mob markers" kuj siv. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov paub cov qog nqaij hlav yog cov rhiab heev. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qee yam kab mob, piv txwv li, carcinomas ntawm pob ntseg, nasopharynx, esophagus, ntsws thiab ncauj tsev menyuam hauv cov poj niam, ib qho kev sim tau ua thaum lub sij hawm squamous cell carcinoma antigen - SCC raug cais. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav saib nws kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
SCC cov cim qog qog yog glycoproteins. Lawv yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm squamous epithelium ntawm lub cev. SCC qog marker yog ib yam khoom muaj protein uas hloov cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb ib txwm, ua rau nkag mus rau cov protein los ntawm lawv daim nyias nyias.
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm serine proteinase inhibitors. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj antigen hauv cov ntshav txawv nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov loj ntawm cov qog. Hauv rooj plaub ua ntejThaum pib ntawm kev kho mob, theem ntawm concentration nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov cim yog siab, qhov prognosis yog tsis txaus nyiam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qib qis.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov cim qog hauv cov ntshav yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, yog li cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog theem ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav. Kev kuaj ntshav rau cov qog nqaij hlav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kuaj mob thawj zaug, tsuas yog taug qab kev txhim kho ntawm tus kabmob uas twb muaj lawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi SCC cov cim qog qog muab?
Kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav yog nyob deb ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav. Nws cov ntsiab lus thiab cov nyiaj hauv cov ntshav muab ib daim duab tiav ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau theem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cim qog ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem ntawm degeneration ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob.
Thaum twg kev tshuaj ntsuam ua tiav?
txhawm rau kuaj mob qog noj ntshav, cov kws kho mob tau sau ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam rau SCC qog nqaij hlav ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab cov kab mob hnyav hauv lub cev. Raws li txoj cai, kev xeem yuav siv sijhawm ntev. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb siv cov cim qog qog los kuaj pom tus kab mob, taug qab nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab tswj nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Nws raug nquahu kom ua ib qho kev sim uas siv cov qog nqaij hlav hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Nws tso cai rau koj los kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb. Thaum kho, qhov nce ntawm antigen hauv cov ntshav feem ntau tshwm sim, uastshwm sim los ntawm kev lwj ntawm ib tug malignant tsim, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas atypical lub cev nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws raug nquahu kom rov ntsuas dua tom qab 4 lub lis piam. Thaum qee cov kab mob inflammatory, qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntshav kuj tseem ua tau, piv txwv li, nrog rau tuberculosis, bronchitis, mob ua pa, thiab qee yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
xeem yog dab tsi?
Test rau SCC qog marker yog ua tiav:
- Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis tus kabmob metastases mus rau lwm lub hauv nruab nrog cev thaum tus kabmob kis mus.
- Kev ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob.
- Control kab mob tom qab kho kom tsis txhob rov qab los.
Npaj rau kev sim kuaj
Yuav kom cov txiaj ntsig tau ntseeg tau li qhov ua tau, tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov khoom sib txuas thiab tsis suav nrog cov kab mob ua tau.
Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb rau kev xeem dhau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Ntshav rau SCC qog nqaij hlav yog noj thaum sawv ntxov, ntawm lub plab khoob, hnub ua ntej kev soj ntsuam, tus neeg mob tau qhia kom tso cov khoom noj rog, kib thiab ntsim. Hnub kuaj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus luam yeeb ib nrab teev ua ntej kuaj ntshav, nrog rau haus tshuaj yej thiab kas fes. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj, tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob siv cov ntshav los ntawm tus neeg mob los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv qhov ntim ntawm 5 milliliters.
Deciphering cov txiaj ntsig tau
Ntau zaus, thaum thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob, kev tsim malignant tsis ua rau lawv tus kheej xav. Yog li ntawd, kev kuaj ntshav raws sij hawm kom pom muaj antigens hauv cov ntshav nce ntxivQhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntshav tsis pub tshaj 2.5 ng / ml. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory tsis ntev los no, daim duab no yuav siab dua. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev kuaj ntshav yuav tsum rov ua dua hauv peb lub lis piam.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov qog qog txiav txim siab hauv cov ntshav pab xaiv cov neeg mob uas yuav tsum tau txais hluav taws xob lossis phais kho mob, nrog rau kev kho mob thaum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis ua rau tus neeg mob tsis zoo.
Tus SCC qog marker (kev txiav txim siab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) tso cai kuaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txoj hlab pas, nasopharynx, pob ntseg thiab ntsws hauv cov txiv neej. Nrog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab lub ntsws, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 1.5 ng / ml raug kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov poj niam muaj mob cancer ntawm lub tsev me nyuam, thiab nrhiav kom tau ib tug nce qib ntawm antigen, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais txog qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob.
Cervical cancer marker. SCC nyob rau hauv squamous cell carcinoma
Hnub no, tsis yog cov poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog 40 xyoo xwb los raug mob qog noj ntshav, tus kab mob no kuj tau pib tshwm sim hauv cov ntxhais hluas txog peb caug xyoo. Cervical cancer yog ib yam kab mob insidious heev, yog li kev kho mob raws sij hawm tso cai rau tus poj niam txuag nws lub cev xeeb tub.
Rau qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, tus kws kho mob tuaj koom yuav tsum suav nrog txhua yam cuam tshuam, suav nrog lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav thiab khaws cov ntshav kom raug. Kev ntsuam xyuas rau cov qog nqaij hlav yog qhov rhiab heev, yog li purity kuj tseem ceeb.nqa khoom. Ib qho me me ntawm cov qaub ncaug lossis hws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha, thiab qhov no, dhau los, ua rau qhov tsis ntseeg siab ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Rau tus poj niam kom kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam, cov kev tshawb fawb tsim nyog tau ua tiav rau cov cim qog. Hauv kev kuaj ntshav, qhov ntsuas ntawm 2.5 ng / ml rau oncomarker SCC yog tus qauv. Mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam yog nyob rau theem pib thaum kuaj pom qhov concentration ntau dua 2.5 ng / ml. Rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kev sim rov qab ua dua tom qab 20 hnub. Feem ntau muaj qhov pom tau ntau tshaj ntawm oncomarker SCC hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav, cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob sib kis.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam
Kev kuaj pom muaj cov qog nqaij hlav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- Cov kab mob Oncological ntawm poj niam cov kab mob txo qis kev yug menyuam.
- Txoj kev tshawb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov poj niam muaj kev pheej hmoo thiab saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob.
Nyob rau theem thib peb ntawm tus kab mob, tus naj npawb ntawm cov antigens tshaj li peb zaug. Raws li kev kuaj ntxiv, tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv tomography, nrog rau kev kuaj zis thiab ntshav.
Nrog cov kab mob somatic, nws kuj tseem yuav kuaj pom cov qog ntawm SCC squamous cell carcinoma. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los kawm nyob rau hauv dynamics, thiab rau qhov no, ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem tsom xam rau oncomarkers. Kev tshuaj xyuas histological ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas ntawm lub cev muaj kab mob tau ua tiav.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov cim qog hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv metastases. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tus lej raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qog, nws qhov chaw thiab qib ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Tumor marker type
Txhua hom qog tsim nws tus kheej cov cim tshwj xeeb, uas yog siv los txheeb xyuas ib hom mob qog noj ntshav:
- Cancerous-embryonic antigen (pam tau qib - 3 ng / ml) - txiav txim siab rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab nrog rau SCC hauv ncauj tsev menyuam.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (tso cai - tsawg dua 15 ng / ml) yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab heev uas yog siv rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Gastric cancer antigen (tso cai - tsawg dua 4 units / ml) yog siv los saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob gastric carcinoma.
- Mucin-Like Glycoprotein (tso cai qib tsawg dua 28 U / mL) - Cov cim no feem ntau siv los taug qab cov txiaj ntsig tom qab kev kho mob qog noj ntshav mis.
- CA 19-9 (tseem tso cai - tsawg dua 37 units / ml) - tus cim rau kev kuaj pom tus kab mob pancreatic carcinoma.
- Tus oncomarker SCC (tus qauv tsis pub tshaj 2.5 ng / ml) yog siv los saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob tsis tu ncua ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, nasopharynx, pob ntseg, thiab ntsws.
- CA 125 (tseem tso cai - tsawg dua 35 units / ml) yog siv los tswj cov kab mob thiab kev kho mob tsis tu ncua rau testicular carcinoma.
- NSE(pam tau qib - tsawg dua 12 ng / ml) yog siv los kuaj xyuas thiab saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob tsis tu ncua rau cov mob ntsws me me.
- hCG (tso cai rau cov txiv neej - 0-5 IU / ml) nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau nce ntxiv hauv cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam tsis cev xeeb tub qhia tias muaj qog nqaij hlav malignant.
- Cytokeratin-19 fragment (tso cai tsawg dua 3.2 ng / ml) yog siv tau zoo hauv cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav me me thiab squamous cell lung carcinoma.
- Prostate tshwj xeeb antigen (tso cai tsawg dua 4.0 ng / mL) yog siv tau zoo los kuaj mob prostate carcinoma.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov
Txhawm rau zam qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom ntau li ntau tau los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau mus ntsib kws kho mob hauv lub sijhawm thaum muaj mob ntawm lub cev, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev neeg.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob raws sijhawm yuav pab tswj lub neej zoo, zam kev txhim kho cov teeb meem thiab kev sib kis ntawm metastases. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws yog kev kuaj ntshav rau SCC cov cim qog nqaij hlav, uas txiav txim siab txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tes ntawm cov theem pib mob qog noj ntshav.
