Kev kuaj mob angina pectoris - yog dab tsi?

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev kuaj mob angina pectoris - yog dab tsi?
Kev kuaj mob angina pectoris - yog dab tsi?

Video: Kev kuaj mob angina pectoris - yog dab tsi?

Video: Kev kuaj mob angina pectoris - yog dab tsi?
Video: Musicians talk about Buckethead 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Angina pectoris yog ib daim ntawv kho mob ntiag tug ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub plawv, rov qab los ntawm myocardial kev puas tsuaj, uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntu ntawm compressive, nias lossis kub hnyiab hauv lub hauv siab, feem ntau tom qab lub sternum lossis hauv qhov projection ntawm lub plawv. Qhov mob tshwm sim yog luv luv thiab kav ntev li 3-5 feeb, provoked los ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv los yog kev nyuaj siab, qee zaum los ntawm kev nqus cua txias. Mob vim yog cov txheej txheem them nyiaj ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plawv feem ntau nres ntawm nws tus kheej thaum so tom qab 3-5 feeb. Qee lub sij hawm luv luv nitrates nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj sublingual los yog tshuaj tsuag yog xav tau los txo qhov mob.

cov chav kawm stress angina
cov chav kawm stress angina

qauv ntawm kev tawm tsam

Angina pectoris txhim kho vim kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm hauv lub plawv cov leeg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav. Nws yog nrog nce kev noj ntawm lub zog substrate thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha coronary cuam tshuam los ntawm atherosclerosis uas ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav txaus yog tsis yooj yim sua. Qhov no tsim cov xwm txheej rau lub zog tshaib plab ntawm thaj chaw myocardial, uas yog hu ua ischemic zones. Teb rau qhov noanginal kub hnyiab los yog sib npaug ntawm exertional angina tsim - ua tsis taus pa thaum so thiab kev xav ntawm episodic tsis txaus siab nrog ua pa, nws qhov tob thiab ua pa efficiency.

Tom qab pib cov txheej txheem them nyiaj, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlab ntsha, qhov angina nres nres, vim tias qhov ntws ntawm cov as-ham thiab oxygen mus rau thaj tsam ischemic ntawm myocardium nce. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb tam sim no rov qab los, qhov mob anginal nres.

Types of angina

CH yog ib daim ntawv ntawm angina pectoris, uas qhov mob anginal tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntawm lub cev lossis lub siab xav thiab nres tom qab lawv nres, lossis tom qab noj nitroglycerin. Qhov no yog cov kab ntshiab uas cais angina thaum so, tsis ruaj khov thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj ntawm nws, nrog rau vasospastic anginal mob.

Nyob rau hauv tsis ruaj tsis khov angina, mob anginal tshwm sim ob qho tib si thaum lub sij hawm qoj ib ce thiab so. Nws yog xyaum tsis nres los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj nitrates luv luv, txawm hais tias qhov kev siv ntawm qhov mob yuav txo qis. Yog tias qhov mob thab koj ntau tshaj 30 feeb tom qab noj nitrates 2 zaug, ces tus mob yuav tsum tau txhais tias mob plawv thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob.

angina pectoris cov tsos mob yuav ua li cas
angina pectoris cov tsos mob yuav ua li cas

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nrog angina pectoris, kev faib tawm thiab kev cais tawm ntawm tus kab mob yog txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus neeg mob qhov kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej ntawm kev kuaj mob, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tus mob tau ua tiav,kev kuaj mob kom raug. Txhua tus neeg mob yuav tsum nkag siab tias qee zaum daim ntawv tam sim no ntawm angina vim qhov chaw kho mob qhov muag tsis pom kev tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob feem ntau yuav muab tshuaj los kho qhov mob hnyav dua.

Etiology

Qhov ncaj qha ua rau exertional angina yog coronary stenosing atherosclerosis. Nws lub hwj chim tau pom zoo raws li hauv qab no: thaum lub sij hawm lub neej, cov roj cholesterol plaque yog maj mam tso rau hauv cov leeg nqaij-elastic cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub cev los ntawm sab hauv cov hlab ntsha. Vim qhov no, lub lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha nqaim, thiab nws cov throughput txo qis heev. Vim li no, nrog rau kev xav tau ntawm lub zog ntawm myocardium, piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub cev tsis tuaj yeem muab cov khoom noj hauv myocardium sai sai nrog cov as-ham thiab oxygen.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm angina pectoris
Kev kuaj mob ntawm angina pectoris

Qhov tshwm sim yog exertional angina, uas tsim thaum cov hlab ntsha nqaim los ntawm 30-50%. Raws li etiological yam, tag nrho cov tshwm sim uas provoke thiab aggravate txoj kev loj hlob ntawm coronary atherosclerosis yuav tsum tau qhia. Namely:

  • kab mob ntawm cov rog thiab cov roj cholesterol metabolism;
  • hereditary endothelial dysfunction;
  • malnutrition (ntau zaus noj cov tsiaj cov roj ua kom sov);
  • metabolic syndrome, tau txais hypertriglyceridemia thiab dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, ntshav qab zib mellitus;
  • hlab ntshav siab;
  • smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Gradationปัจจัย

Nyob rau saum cov npe yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev cuam tshuam uas yog qhov cuam tshuam tshaj plaws. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua hnov qhov cuam tshuam ntawm angina thiab kab mob plawv hauv lub hnub nyoog ntxov. Hauv qab no yog cov phenomena uas tsis tshua muaj zog ua rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab aggravation ntawm atherosclerosis ntawm coronary hlab ntsha. Lawv kuj ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis tsis yog sai npaum li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hereditary disorders ntawm lipid thiab cholesterol metabolism, endothelial dysfunction.

Kev faib tawm ntawm angina pectoris
Kev faib tawm ntawm angina pectoris

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm angina pectoris nyob ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plawv los ntawm atherosclerosis. Vasoconstriction txog li 30% tsis cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav mus rau lub plawv thaum qoj ib ce. Cov hlab ntsha txhaws qis los ntawm 30% lossis ntau dua tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntxiv ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm myocardium rau cov pa oxygen, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm ischemia thiab cov tsos mob ntawm qhov mob anginal.

Pathogenesis

Nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm angina pectoris, qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov xav tau oxygen hauv cardiomyocytes nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev lossis kev ntxhov siab thiab kev xa cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, reversible myocardial ischemia tshwm sim. Cov ntu no suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov metabolism hauv lub plawv: ionic tshuav nyiaj li cas cuam tshuam, ATP synthesis txo qis, thiab cellular acidosis tsim.

Cov kev hloov no ua rau diastolic thiab systolic tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab electrophysiological cuam tshuam. Electrocardiographic hloov pauv hauv T yoj thiab ST ntu raug kaw. tshwm simKev mob anginal hauv angina pectoris tau piav qhia los ntawm kev tso tawm adenosine los ntawm ischemic cardiomyocytes, uas txhawb nqa A1 receptors ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov leeg nqaij.

Symptoms

Ib yam cim qhia ntawm angina pectoris yog mob anginal. Qhov xwm ntawm qhov mob yog kub hnyiab, nyem, txiav lossis nias. Qee tus neeg mob yuav hnov qhov tsis xis nyob tom qab lub sternum, nruj, hnyav hauv siab. Kev mob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov mob yog tom qab lub sternum, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem tawg mus rau sab laug xub pwg, mus rau caj dab thiab lub puab tsaig, tsawg dua mus rau thaj tsam interscapular thiab hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav sab laug. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawm tsam anginal yog 3-5 feeb. Mob ploj tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev lossis tom qab noj nitroglycerin. Yog tias qhov mob tshwm sim ntev dua 25-30 feeb thiab tsis txo qis los ntawm nitrates luv luv, yuav tsum tau nrhiav kev kho mob.

Hauv kev kho mob, muaj ib daim ntawv tsis mob ntawm ischemia. Qhov mob no yog vim lub sijhawm luv luv thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Tsis mob ischemia yog ib qho zoo rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, cov neeg laus uas muaj kab mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov mob hauv pawg neeg mob no yog ua tsis taus pa, palpitations, tsis muaj zog. Kev kuaj mob ntawm exertional angina yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj mob anginal ib txwm, muaj cov xwm txheej saum toj no, thiab cov pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm luv luv nitrates.

Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm angina pectoris

Sib txawv ntawm qhov ruaj khov thiab tsis ruaj khov cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm angina pectoris. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, cov tshuaj ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm retrosternal mob yog 1 lub hlis los yog ntau tshaj. Ceskev tawm tsam yog stereotypical, mob ib txwm muaj tib lub cim, localization, irradiation, ntev, tshwm sim nrog tib yam (stereotypical) lub cev ua si thiab nres ntawm so lossis tom qab noj nitroglycerin. Tawm ntawm qaug dab peg, tus neeg mob zoo.

exertional angina
exertional angina

Nrog rau qhov nce qib ntawm stenosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab txo qis hauv nws cov lumen, qhov mob anginal tshwm sim ntau dua, ua ntev dua, ua rau lub cev ua si, thiab tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum so. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev noj qab haus huv zoo li no qhia tias tsis ruaj khov angina (UA) - ib daim ntawv ntawm tus mob coronary syndrome, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho myocardial ischemia. Muaj cov qauv hauv qab no ntawm NS: thawj zaug nce ntxiv, thaum ntxov post-infarction angina thiab spontaneous.

Stable angina

Kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev lossis kev xav-kev ntxhov siab hauv cov neeg mob uas mob atherosclerosis hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob anginal. Thiab nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov hnyav uas tus neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv thiab atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem tiv taus, kev ua haujlwm ntawm angina pectoris yog qhov txawv:

  • Class I. Tsis siv lub cev txhua hnub tsis ua rau mob angina, qhov mob tsuas yog tshwm sim nrog kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau lossis ntev.
  • Class II. Kev txwv me ntsis ntawm kev ua lub cev. Tus neeg mob sau cov tsos mob ntawm qhov mob anginal lossis tsis xis nyob tom qab lub sternum nrog kev taug kev luv luv ntawm thaj chaw tiaj tus hauv kev sib piv nrog cov phooj ywg. Taug kev ntau dua 200m nyuaj.
  • Class III. Kev txwv tsis pub siv lub cev ua si. Kev mob ntawm tus neeg mob ua rau muaj kev ua si me me (piv txwv li, hnav khaub ncaws).
  • Class IV. Ua kom tiav kev txwv ntawm kev ua lub cev mus txog rau kev pabcuam tus kheej, nquag angina tawm tsam tshwm sim thaum so.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm angina pectoris yog nyob ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus neeg mob lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sim ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, piv txwv li, kev sim treadmill lossis kev sim tsheb kauj vab ergometric, tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob thiab hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ntawm ischemia tshwm sim ntawm ECG.

YProgressive angina

Progressive angina pectoris yog ib daim ntawv ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce hauv cov kab mob anginal, kev nce hauv lawv lub sijhawm, thiab txo qis ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias tus neeg mob xav tias qhov mob hauv lub plawv feem ntau cuam tshuam, tsis zoo dua los ntawm nitroglycerin, lossis tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov qis dua, ces qhov kev kuaj mob zoo li no. Qhov no yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob, rov sau npe thiab txhais ECG piv nrog rau yav dhau los.

angina pectoris kev tsis taus
angina pectoris kev tsis taus

Progressive angina pectoris, uas nws cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li cov kab mob anginal ib txwm muaj nrog kev mob ntau zaus, feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho hauv tsev kho mob plawv. Kev kho mob yog txuam nrog kev teem caij ntawm anticoagulants, nce koobbeta-blockers, antihypertensives, statins.

Diagnosis

Nyob hauv tus kab mob xws li exertional angina, qhov hnyav yog cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm chav ua haujlwm. Thiab thawj theem ntawm kev kuaj mob yog kev sau cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab anamnesis: raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob retrosternal, qhov pib ntawm qhov mob thaum lub sij hawm lub cev los yog kev puas siab puas ntsws kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev kho mob ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev so thiab nitroglycerin, ib tug tuaj yeem xav tias qhov mob. muaj lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Tom qab ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob plawv thiab cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov hlab plawv:

  • ua tiav ntshav suav, kev tshawb fawb biochemical, lipidogram;
  • electrocardiogram thaum so, thaum qoj ib ce, thaum so, Holter saib xyuas;
  • kev ntsuas kev ntxhov siab (kev sim tsheb kauj vab lossis kev sim treadmill);
  • lub hauv siab X-ray, echocardiography;
  • coronary angiography.

Kev txiav txim ntsuas ntsuas

Yeej muaj tseeb, rau tus kws kho mob, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj mob angina pectoris yog cov tsos mob. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua los tawm tsam ischemia thiab kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov kev tshawb fawb ntsuas. Txoj kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws yog npaj rau kev kho mob angiography, kev npaj rau qee zaum yuav siv sijhawm ntau tshaj ib hlis. Lub sijhawm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov ntawm angina pectoris, ua txhua hnub saib xyuas ECG thiab ABPM, ECHO-KG, kev tshawb fawb biochemical, fibrogastroscopy ntawm lub plab.

Cov tsos mob ntawm angina pectoris
Cov tsos mob ntawm angina pectoris

Txoj kev tshawb fawb tom kawg no yuav raug txwv tsis pub muaj mob hnyav angina pectoris, kev tsis taus, decompensated congestive plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab atrial fibrillation. EGD yog qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm qhov mob, uas yuav tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulants xav tau tom qab stenting. Qee qhov tshiab ntawm cov hlab ntsha coronary stents twb tau siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis EGD tseem xav tau los txiav tawm cov qog, rwj, thiab erosions.

Pom zoo: