Kev faib tawm ntawm myofascial compartment syndrome

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Kev faib tawm ntawm myofascial compartment syndrome
Kev faib tawm ntawm myofascial compartment syndrome

Video: Kev faib tawm ntawm myofascial compartment syndrome

Video: Kev faib tawm ntawm myofascial compartment syndrome
Video: 10 /4/2023(0309228829 kuv muaj tshuaj kho tu kab mob sib ki lo ntawm kev nkauj nraug 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau: "Compartment syndrome - nws yog dab tsi?" Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw uas cov nqaij ntshiv nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub zog fascia - qhov no yog thaj tsam ntawm lub pob tw, ncej puab, lub xub pwg nyom, sab nraub qaum thiab nraub qaum.

Compartment syndrome yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce siab hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev. Nyob ntawm seb qhov ua rau muaj qhov nce siab hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, nws yog ib txwm ua rau ib qho kev mob hnyav lossis mob ntev ntawm tus kab mob.

Compartment Syndrome yog dab tsi?
Compartment Syndrome yog dab tsi?

Ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm pathology

Qhov feem ntau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yog:

  • tawg;
  • extensive soft tissue disorder;
  • kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlab ntsha;
  • compression ntawm limb thaum txoj hauj lwm compression;
  • siv tsis raug plaster cam;
  • burn;
  • kev ua haujlwm raug mob ntev.

Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, cov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov kua uas muaj zog mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los yog cov hlab ntsha, raws li zoo raws li tom los ntawm cov tshuaj lom nab.

Muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev txhim kho pathology tshwm sim nrog kev qhia txog cov tshuaj ntshav thinning, thiab feem ntau nrogntshav txhaws. Iatrogenic ua rau, tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau cov neeg mob tsis nco qab tsis suav nrog.

Daim ntawv mob ntawm tus mob

Compartment-syndrome ua mob ntev nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev ua lub cev rov ua haujlwm ntev. Nws kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev nce siab hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv thaj tsam shin. Kev ua si lub cev hnyav uas dhau qhov kev tso cai txwv provokes nce hauv cov leeg nqaij mus txog 20%, uas ua rau compression hauv cov ntu sib txuas. Compartment syndrome feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm khiav haujlwm.

compartment syndrome
compartment syndrome

Pathophysiological hauv paus

Lub pathophysiology ntawm tus mob no yog vim cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos homeostasis nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev raug mob, nce siab hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov leeg nqaij, txo cov ntshav ntws hauv cov hlab ntsha, txo qis cov ntshav tawm ntawm cov ntshav, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlab ntsha nkag mus. Thaum kawg, cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis tsim vim tsis muaj oxygen.

Symptomatics

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv mob hnyav, tau nthuav tawm sai sai, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm palpation (qhov ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam tau tsim). Cov npuas kuj tshwm sim, qhov mob tau sau tseg thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los ntawm cov leeg (flexion thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm ko taw), rhiab heev poob.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke yog mob, qib uas qhia txog kev siv ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Feem ntau nws tsis tuaj yeem nres nws txawm tias tom qab kev taw qhianarcotic painkillers.

Cov tsos mob no kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm gas gangrene.

Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm cov kab mob sib dhos

Compartment syndrome tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob hom: plab thiab myofascial (lub zos ischemia syndrome tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm kev nce siab).

Myofascial daim ntawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txo cov leeg nqaij, ischemia, necrosis thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev cog lus. Cov laj thawj rau kev nce qib ntawm pidfascial siab nyob rau hauv kev mob ntshav qab zib hematoma, inflammatory edema, positional compression, thiab qog nqaij hlav.

Myofascial compartment syndrome yog kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj lub cev.

Myofascial Compartment Syndrome
Myofascial Compartment Syndrome

Cov ntsuas hauv qab no raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:

  • sijhawm raug mob mus rau tsev kho mob;
  • sijhawm txij li qhov pom ntawm puffiness;
  • puffiness nce tus nqi (hauv 6-12 teev tom qab raug mob);
  • sijhawm ntawm daim ntawv thov tourniquet thiab tiv thaiv ischemia (tshem tawm ntawm tourniquet rau lub sijhawm luv luv).

mob tob tob. Lawv khaus ntau dua li kev puas tsuaj ib txwm, lawv tsis nres los ntawm immobilization ntawm thaj chaw puas thiab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov koob tshuaj.

Mob tshwm sim thaum cov leeg nqaij raug mob raug mob hnyav. Qhov no hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus ntiv tes.

Txoj kev ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub cev

Kev kuaj mob compartment syndrome li cas? Kev kuaj mob ntawm pathology yog nqa tawm siv txoj kev Whiteside (1975), uas tso caintsuas interstitial siab.

Nws qhia txog kev siv:

  • system suav nrog mercury manometer;
  • peb txoj kev valve;
  • koob txhaj tshuaj nrog txoj kab uas hla tsawg kawg 1 hli;
  • tube systems;
  • 20ml koob txhaj.

Tam sim no, cov khoom siv uas tswj xyuas lub sijhawm ntev yog siv los txiav txim siab pidfascial. Cov txiaj ntsig tau muab piv nrog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub plawv siab. Lub siab nyob rau hauv myofascial qhov chaw ntawm lub limb yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 10 mm Hg. Art. Lub xub ntiag ntawm compartment syndrome yog tsim yog tias qhov ntsuas pidfascial siab tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 40 mm Hg. Art. thiab hauv qab diastolic. Nws nce hauv 4-6 teev tuaj yeem ua rau ischemia.

Kev kuaj mob Compartment Syndrome
Kev kuaj mob Compartment Syndrome

Kev faib tawm ntawm myofascial shape

  • Me me qhov txhab - ntu ntu ntawm lub limb yog sov thaum hnov. Ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov mem tes tau sau tseg. Qhov taw qhia ntawm subfascial siab ntawm 40 mm Hg. Art. hauv qab diastolic.
  • Medium lesion - daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw puas tsuaj ntawm lub limb muaj qhov kub thiab txias tshaj ntawm qhov noj qab haus huv. Muaj hyperesthesia los yog tshuaj loog ntawm cov ntiv tes ntawm lub limb. Lub pulse yog weakly palpable. Subfascial siab yog tib yam li distolic.
  • Kev swb hnyav - lub plawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb tsis tuaj yeem palpable. Cov tshuaj loog ntawm cov ntiv tes tau sau tseg. Subfascial siab siab dua diastolic.

Diagnostication

Compartment syndrome yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha loj, muaj cov hlab ntsha thrombosis, kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha los ntawm clostridial thiab non-clostridial myositis.

Kev kuaj mob sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li ntau yam kev cai:

  • muaj ripple;
  • puffiness;
  • tsis muaj kev xav hauv limb;
  • ntshav lom;
  • nce ntshav dawb suav;
  • pidfascial pressure indicator.

pob txha raug mob

Cov leeg ntawm lub hauv pliaj tau muab faib los ntawm fascia rau hauv peb lub osseous-fascial compartments: lateral nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov leeg nqaij radial, anterior (cov leeg ua lub luag haujlwm rau ntiv tes flexion) thiab posterior (cov leeg koom nrog hauv cov ntiv tes txuas ntxiv).

Yog tias tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem ncua nws tus ntiv tes, ces qhov kev kuaj mob raug tsim los ua anterior compartment syndrome ntawm lub forearm. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem flex tus ntiv tes, ces lub tsho tom qab raug cuam tshuam.

Shin leeg raug mob

Cov leeg ntawm sab ceg yog faib los ntawm fascia ua plaub pob txha-fascial:

  • lateral (peroneal leeg);
  • pem hauv ntej (lub luag haujlwm rau ko taw txuas ntxiv);
  • posterior (superficial soleus);
  • rov qab tob (lub luag haujlwm khoov).

Yog tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem txav ko taw thiab ntiv tes, thiab kev sim ua kom nws mob hnyav, ces peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov muaj cov kab mob anterior compartment, thiab yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ncaj cov ntiv tes, ces qhov no yog qhov rear saib.

Kev pheej hmoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm plabntshav siab
Kev pheej hmoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm plabntshav siab

plab plab

Lub siab ib txwm nyob hauv plab kab noj hniav nyob ntawm lub cev hnyav thiab kwv yees li xoom. Lub plab yog ib lub pas dej rau cov kua dej, uas lub siab ntawm qhov chaw thiab hauv txhua qhov chaw yog tib yam. Intra-abdominal siab tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov twg hauv lub plab.

Dab tsi yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim mob plab plab ntshav siab? Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog plab hnyuv paresis, kev raug mob ntau heev, ceev laparotomy hauv tus neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho mob hnyav. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj qhov ntim ntawm cov kua hauv lub plab.

Nyob hauv ntau tus neeg mob tom qab phais hauv plab, lub siab hauv nws cov kab noj hniav nce 3-13 mm Hg. Art. yam tsis muaj kev kuaj mob

Nrog abdominoplasty, lub siab hauv plab nce 15 mm Hg. Art., uas provokes kev loj hlob ntawm plab compartment syndrome.

Ntawm 25 mm Hg. Art. thiab ntau dua muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj hauv peritoneum, uas ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Siab hauv plab siab dua 35 mm Hg. Art. tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho lub plawv nres.

Lub plab plab plab ua li cas tshwm sim?

Lub plab plab plab tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev ua pa sab nraud thiab txo qis hauv plawv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm diuresis, ntshav saturation kuj tau sau tseg.

Hauv tshuaj, muaj plaub hom kev kub siab hauv peritoneum:

  • 1st degree - qhov taw qhia siab12-15 mmHg st.
  • 2nd degree - qhov taw qhia siab 16-20 mm Hg. st.
  • 3rd degree - qhov ntsuas siab ntawm 21-35 mm Hg. st.
  • 4th degree - qhov ntsuas siab tshaj 35 mm Hg. st.

Txoj kev ntsuas qhov siab hauv cheeb tsam peritoneal

Feem ntau, qhov siab hauv plab yog ntsuas los ntawm lub zais zis. Lub phab ntsa zoo-stretched ua ib tug passive conductor ntawm intra-abdominal siab yog hais tias lub ntim ntawm cov kua nyob rau hauv lub peritoneum tsis tshaj 50-100 ml. Nrog lub ntim loj, qhov ntsuas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov nro ntawm lub zais zis cov leeg.

Kho rau Kab Mob plab

Kev kho mob compartment syndrome li cas? Kev kho mob suav nrog kev kho lossis tshem tawm qhov ua rau (tshem tawm cov ris tsho hauv qab compression, txoj haujlwm siab ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub txaj, sedatives). Kev kho pa oxygen yog ua tiav, uas siv lub raj nasogastric.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv hemodynamic decompensation, ntshav oxygen saturation yog rov qab thiab coagulation yog optimized. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub cev thiab lwm yam haujlwm kuj tau qhia.

Compartment syndrome hauv kev phais plab yog tshem tawm los ntawm decompression laparostomy. Lub zais zis catheterization yog ua los ua kom qhov ntim ntawm peritoneum.

Compartment Syndrome nyob rau hauv lub plab phais
Compartment Syndrome nyob rau hauv lub plab phais

ntsuas ntsuas rau kev saib xyuas kev kho mob

Nrog kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau ua:

  • compression ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm (tshem tawm cov ntaub qhwv, plaster splints, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, qhov chawntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ceg tawv ntawm tib theem li lub plawv, uas tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm ischemia);
  • optimizes ntshav ncig, tshem tawm spasms hauv cheeb tsam vascular thiab nce coagulation;
  • txhim kho ntshav rheology;
  • tshuaj kho mob yog siv (tshwj xeeb raws li cov tshuaj narcotic, nrog rau cov tshuaj uas tsis yog tshuaj yeeb);
  • puffiness tshem tawm;
  • acidosis nres.

Yog tias kev kho mob tsis tuaj yeem coj cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, muaj qib ntawm subfascial siab tshaj qhov tseem ceeb, pom cov leeg nqaij thiab o, ces kev phais yog qhia (siv decompression fasciotomy). Nws tuaj yeem kho lossis tiv thaiv.

Dab tsi yog decompression fasciotomy?

Decompression fasciotomy yog ib qho kev phais mob txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab txo qhov mob plab. Kev ua haujlwm yog siv rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg ntawm lub xub pwg nyom. Nws kuj tseem tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub luj tshib sib koom ua ke, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob rau fossa ntawm lub luj tshib thiab cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg hauv qab lub hauv caug. Fasciotomy feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv qis extremities.

Compartment syndrome ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub luj tshib
Compartment syndrome ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub luj tshib

Indications rau prophylactic fasciotomy

Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb suav nrog:

  • kev muaj venous insufficiency;
  • kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha hauv qab lub hauv caug;
  • failed reconstruction ntawm cov hlab ntsha;
  • lig tuavarterial reconstruction;
  • qhia o ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm limb.

Kev kho mob fasciotomy

Kev ua haujlwm yog ua rau cov neeg mob uas muaj lub siab ua haujlwm siab, txheeb xyuas thaum kawm. Qhov taw qhia yog siab dua 30 mm Hg. Art. cais raws li pathological.

Kev nce siab hauv subfascial yog qhov taw qhia meej rau kev kho mob.

Cov cim tseem ceeb rau kev cuam tshuam kev phais yog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • presence ntawm paresthesia;
  • mob thaum lub sijhawm tsis muaj zog limb;
  • muaj tus tuag tes tuag taw nrog cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo;
  • txo qis peripheral mem tes.

Caution

Txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau ntawm lub duav lossis lub xub pwg. Mannitol thiab tshuaj tua kab mob yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab.

Fasciotomy yog kev ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem (kab mob, mob ntev, paresthesia, o, osteomyelitis). Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lawv tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, tab sis qhov tshwm sim tseem muaj. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob kom zoo ua ntej kev cuam tshuam.

Decompression fasciotomy hauv forearm

Kev cuam tshuam kev phais kom tshem tawm cov kab mob xws li forearm compartment syndrome suav nrog kev siv tshuaj loog hauv zos. Qhov incision yog tsim los ntawm lub epicondyle mus rau lub dab teg. Lub fascia yog qhib tshaj cov leeg flexor nyob rau hauv lub luj tshib. Nws txav medially. Superficial nqaij lub luag hauj lwm rau flexiontxav tom qab. Lub fascia yog dissected saum qhov tob flexor. Lub fascia ntawm txhua cov leeg yog qhib nrog ib tug longitudinal incision.

Yog tias tsim nyog, lub volar incision yog supplemented nrog ib tug dorsal. Nyob cov leeg tam sim ntawd swells. Nws cov lus teb hyperemia tau pom.

Cov leeg tsis muaj zog (feem ntau yog lub flexor nyob rau hauv qhov tob) yog xim daj, uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm necrosis. Lub fascia tsis sutured. Daim tawv nqaij qhov txhab yog sutured yam tsis muaj nro. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas tsis tau, ces daim tawv nqaij qhov txhab qhib rau hauv daim ntaub qhwv.

Kev hnav khaub ncaws, siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj sorbents. Yav tom ntej, dej-emulsion tshuaj pleev yog siv.

Secondary sutures tau muab tso rau tsib hnub tom qab kev phais. Qee zaum qhov txhab tseem qhib rau ib hlis. Qee zaum, kev phais mob ntxiv los yog ntau hom kev phais yas yog siv los kaw qhov txhab.

Leg Compartment Syndrome
Leg Compartment Syndrome

Technique for fasciotomy ntawm tes

Kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev hauv thaj tsam ntawm tenor ntawm thawj cov pob txha metacarpal. Xws li ib qho kev txiav yog ua kom sib npaug rau cov pob txha carpal thib tsib. Hauv qhov no, qhov projection ntawm lub paj hlwb ulnar tsis sib tshuam. Interosseous leeg decompression yog ua los ntawm kev sib cais incisions ntawm sab nraub qaum.

Fasciotomy ntawm sab ceg

Shin compartment syndrome raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev phais siv tshuaj loog hauv zos.

Yog tus neeg mob nyuaj khoov ko taw thiab ntiv tes vim qhov mob hnyav, cestuaj yeem txiav txim tau ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub anterior compartment syndrome. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem kho tus ceg qis, ces qhov no yog qhov mob ntawm cov ceg qis dua.

Txhawm rau qhib txhua kis, mus rau ob lossis peb qhov kev txiav ntev ntev ntawm sab ceg qis, qhov ntev yog 15 cm. Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov kev txiav ntawm lub fascia tuaj yeem ua Z-puab.

Yog tias cov ntshav ncig hauv ko taw tsis tau zoo dua tom qab ob peb feeb, ces qhov kev txiav ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog tob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau sab nraub qaum yog qhib nrog txiab. Qhov kev txiav ntawm lub fascia no tsis ua nrog scalpel, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha tom qab tibial thiab tibial paj hlwb.

Qhov kev txiav fascia tseem qhib. Yog tias ua tau, qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog sutured yam tsis muaj qhov nro. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem suturing, lub qhov txhab qhib hauv qab hnav khaub ncaws. Secondary sutures feem ntau yog muab tso tom qab 5 hnub.

Technique for ko taw phais

Txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum muaj plaub nkag. Ob qhov dorsal incisions yog ua raws 2nd thiab 4th metatarsals, los ntawm qhov uas plaub qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov pob txha thiab lub hauv paus sheath hauv ko taw raug nthuav tawm. Ob peb ntxiv incisions yog ua tom qab thiab medially. Lawv qhib rooj plaub.

Kev ua haujlwm ua ntej cov leeg nqaij necrosis muaj kev ua haujlwm siab. Hnub thib peb tom qab decompression, o txo qis, thiab qhov txhab kaw tau ua tau. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm decompression necrosis ntawm cov leeg nqaij, ces tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw tuag yog qhia. Qhov kawg compression nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ncua rau ib lub lim tiam.

kab mob prognosis

Huab cuakab mob yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm kev kho raws sij hawm thiab kev siv tag nrho ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Yog hais tias qhov mob nres, neurological teeb meem tshwm sim, ces qhov no, raws li txoj cai, qhia qhov irreversibility ntawm pathological hloov. Kev siv ntxiv ntawm necrectomy thiab lwm cov txheej txheem tsis muaj peev xwm cawm tau tus ceg, nws txoj kev txiav tawm yog qhia. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav, nws raug nquahu kom ua txhua yam kev ntsuas raws sijhawm, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev.

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