Txawm hais tias qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub nyob rau xyoo tas los no tau txav mus deb dhau los, muaj ntau yam kab mob me me. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog pulmonary alveolitis.
Cia tham txog qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav sib tham txog qhov twg nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hu rau lub chaw pulmonology raws sij hawm.
Dab tsi yog alveoli
Alveoli yog qhov me tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab ua pa. Lawv yog cov seem ntawm lub ntsws thiab zoo li cov npuas me me. Sib cais los ntawm interveolar septa.
Alveoli - qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsws uas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Lawv muaj cov hlwb uas tiv thaiv kev txav ntawm microbes thiab lwm yam kab mob thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua pa. Nws yog ua tsaug rau cov alveoli uas qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thiab carbon dioxide tawm.
Dab tsi yog alveolitis
Alveolitis ntawm lub ntsws yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau alveoli thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lawv cov phab ntsa.
Tus kab mob ua rau lub tshuab ua pa ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho lwm yam kabmob pib tau txais cov pa oxygen tsawg, thiab qhov no ua rau txo qis hauv lawv txoj haujlwm vim yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cellular metabolism.
Alveolitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua ke nrog lwm yam kab mob.
Types of alveolitis
Muaj peb hom kab mob alveolitis. Wb mus saib lawv ib leeg.
YIdiopathic fibrosing alveolitis
hom kab mob no tsawg heev. Kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Nws tsuas yog paub tias fibrosing alveolitis tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov txiv neej tom qab 50 xyoo. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology yog suav tias yog ib puag ncig, kev tshaj lij thiab kev ua neej nyob.
Idiopathic alveolitis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntau, koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb (nroog noog), lossis cuam tshuam nrog hlau, ntoo, silicate lossis asbestos plua plav.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog ua ntej los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov huab cua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau kev sib txuam thiab intraveolar edema. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev puas tsuaj rau lub epithelium ntawm alveoli thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm hyaline-membrane complexes tshwm sim, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau nthuav cov ntaub so ntswg thaum kev tshoov siab.
Exogenous allergic alveolitis
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov av hauv cov alveoli, uas muajallergens ntawm exogenous keeb kwm thiab immunoglobulins. Tib lub sijhawm, lub ntsws thiab bronchi lawv tus kheej tsis cuam tshuam.
txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nqus cov plua plav nyuaj. Piv txwv li, qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tuam txhab uas koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, exogenous alveolitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev nyob hauv ib puag ncig tsis zoo lossis hauv tsev, qhov chaw ua xua yog plua plav mites, pwm thiab cov poov xab zoo li fungi, zaub thiab tsiaj proteins, ntxuav hmoov thiab lwm yam khoom uas muaj enzymes.
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, tus kab mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm bronchial hawb pob.
YToxic fibrosing alveolitis
Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj lom rau lub ntsws. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si thaum nqus tau thiab los ntawm cov ntshav.
Cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob alveolitis suav nrog:
- Gases (chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon tetrachloride); cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj: cov khoom siv ntxhia (asbestos, cement), hlau thiab lawv cov tebchaw (manganese, hlau, zinc, cadmium, mercury); hluavtaws (polyurethane, herbicides).
- Tshuaj: tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nitrofurans, sulfonamides.
Ntau zaus, muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj lom nrog cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, tus kab mob no nyuaj heev, thiab kev kho mobalveolitis siv sijhawm ntev dua.
Yog vim li cas
Thaum saib cov kab mob, peb pom tias muaj ntau yam uas ua rau nws tshwm sim.
Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv twb tau txais thiab ntxiv rau nws, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qee qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho alveolitis:
- nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob (hepatitis C, herpes, adenoviruses);
- GI reflux;
- sib cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tsis haum (tshuaj, paj ntoos, tsiaj plaub hau, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lwm yam);
- kev qaug rau lub cev nrog tshuaj;
- xa xov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv thaj tsam hauv siab;
- smoking;
- nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo;
- bronchial hawb pob (hauv menyuam yaus).
Leej twg txaus ntshai
Raws li kev txheeb cais, tus kab mob kis tau zoo tshaj plaws:
- men;
- neeg tshaj 50;
- cov neeg muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum;
- cov uas nyob hauv cov chaw muaj kev txom nyem thiab muaj kuab paug.
Lawv txhua tus yuav tsum saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Cov tsos mob Alveolitis
Ib yam li lwm yam kab mob, cov tsos mob ntawm alveolitis yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob etiology thiab lwm yam tsis zoo uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Tab sis tseem muaj qee qhov "classic" tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog:
- ua tsis taus pa uas dhau losmuaj zog tom qab qoj ib ce thiab noj mov;
- kub nce;
- mob hauv siab thaj tsam hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav;
- mob pob qij txha thiab cov leeg;
- poob ceeb thawj thiab tsis tsim nyog;
- qaug zog thoob plaws lub cev;
- nce qhov loj ntawm qhov kawg phalanges ntawm tus ntiv tes.
Cov cim qhia no yog qhov laj thawj zoo kom mus ntsib lub chaw pulmonology rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho.
Kev kuaj kab mob
Ua ntej pib kho cov kab mob alveolitis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob, uas yuav suav nrog ntau qhov kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb.
Yuav tsum dhau thiab tig mus:
- kev ntsuas tawv nqaij;
- ntsws biopsy;
- lung X-ray;
- ntsws suav tomography;
- histological kuaj;
- Magnetic resonance duab ntawm lub ntsws;
- bronchoscopy;
- CBC.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, tus kws kho mob pulmonologist yuav txiav txim siab txog hom kev kho mob tsim nyog kom tshem tau tus kab mob.
kho mob Alveolitis
Kev xaiv hom kev kho mob tsim nyog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thiab hom kab mob.
Nrog rau cov tshuaj lom thiab ua xua alveolitis, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom uas ua rau qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob. Kev kho ntxiv nrog glucocorticoid cov tshuaj hormones yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nqus pa lossis kev tswj qhov ncauj ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav thiab mob hnyav heevNws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau noj cytostatics, uas yuav cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm tes hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm fibrosing alveolitis, cov kev kho mob yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog 6 lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho lub sij hawm no, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus kuaj thiab mus kuaj tsis tu ncua kom tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem taug qab qhov kev rov zoo, ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, kho nws. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab teeb meem.
Txawm hais tias hom kab mob twg, kev kho mob alveolitis suav nrog kev noj tshuaj uas yuav ua rau cov hnoos qeev thiab txhawb kev expectoration, nrog rau cov vitamin thiab ntxhia complexes. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua cov kev kho mob. Nws tseem yuav suav nrog kev ua pa ua pa.
Ntxiv rau, yog tias tsim nyog, kho cov tsos mob ua tiav.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Kev kho mob ntawm alveolitis tuaj yeem yog txheej txheem nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tus kab mob tau nce siab thiab ua rau mob hnyav. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim nyog ua raws li qee qhov kev tiv thaiv uas yuav pab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog kev kho mob raws sijhawm ntawm txhua tus kab mob ntsws kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
Thib ob, koj yuav tsum tso tus cwj pwm phem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.
Thib peb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txwv tsis pub muaj kev ua xua, tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Thiab kawg tab sis tsis kawg, ua pa ua pa tsis tu ncua.
Qhov tseem ceebNco ntsoov tias thaum alveolitis tshwm sim, tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum tau noj nws tus kheej! Tsuas yog ib tus kws tshaj lij uas paub txog yuav tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas tus kab mob kom raug thiab sau hom kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.
Ua noj qab nyob zoo!
