Cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Cov txheej txheem:

Cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm
Cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Video: Cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Video: Cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm
Video: Xav rov ntsib koj ib zaug dua. 8/8/2018 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Nws nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus. Nws cov ceg tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv cov lus tsa suab ib feem ntawm cov leeg ua pa thiab xyuas kom muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub caj dab cov leeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub pathology ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus, ib feem ntawm lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb tej zaum yuav impaired.

Anatomy

ncauj tsev menyuam plexus
ncauj tsev menyuam plexus

Lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas tsim los ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Nws cov ceg tau ntxiv nrog peb arcuate loops txuas cov hauv paus hniav mus rau ib leeg, tsim plexus.

Qee qhov chaw muab nws nrog lub xub pwg nyom, suav nrog ib nrab ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam cov paj hlwb thiab ob lub hauv siab. Cov peev txheej no hais txog lub ncauj tsev menyuam-brachial plexus, uas muaj cov leeg txha caj qaum ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntu ntawm tus txha caj qaum, nrog rau ob sab qaum qaum qaum qaum.

Topography

Paub qhov topography ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus pab kom nkag siab tias cov kab mob pathological ua rau nws cov cag tsis ua haujlwm. Rau cov kws tshaj lij, cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb heev vim tias, paub txog qhov projection ntawm plexus, nws yooj yim duazam kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau nws thaum muaj ntau yam kev kho mob.

cervical paj hlwb plexus
cervical paj hlwb plexus

Lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus yog nyob rau theem ntawm plaub vertebrae sab sauv ntawm thaj chaw ncauj tsev menyuam. Tau npog los ntawm sab nraud thiab pem hauv ntej los ntawm cov leeg nqaij sternocleidomastoid, nws nyob ntawm sab xub ntiag-sab ntawm pawg ntawm cov leeg sib sib zog nqus ntawm caj dab.

qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Vim cov ceg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus muaj ob qho tib si afferent thiab efferent paj fibers, lawv ua ob qho tib si sensory thiab motor functions.

Raws li, yog tias cov qauv ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam raug cuam tshuam, ob qhov chaw no yuav raug kev txom nyem.

ceg ntoo

Cov leeg nqaij, lossis lub cev muaj zog, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus, branching hauv cov leeg nqaij ze ntawm lub caj dab, ua rau lawv txav mus; thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv koom nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm thiaj li hu ua cervical voj, uas muaj ib tug descending ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha hypoglossal thiab paj hlwb los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm paj hlwb plexus. Nws txoj haujlwm yog ua kom cov leeg nyob hauv qab ntawm cov pob txha hyoid.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias ob leeg cov leeg trapezius thiab sternocleidomastoid kuj tseem muaj cov leeg nqaij innervated los ntawm cov hlab ntsha txuas ntxiv los ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus.

cervical plexus paj hlwb
cervical plexus paj hlwb

Sensitive Department

Kev nkag siab innervation ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus yog muab los ntawm nws lub npe hu ua cutaneous ceg, uas yog lub pob ntseg loj, cov hlab ntsha me ntawm lub occiput, transverse ncauj tsev menyuam thiab supraclavicular.paj huam.

Prephrenic paj hlwb

Nov yog lwm ceg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus uas muaj qhov nthuav dav: phrenic paj hlwb muaj ob lub cev muaj zog uas ceg hauv lub diaphragm thiab teeb tsa rau hauv cov lus tsa suab, thiab cov fibers sensory uas muab innervation rau pericardium, pleura thiab peritoneum..

cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg
cervical plexus thiab nws cov ceg

Cov hlab ntsha no tau lees paub tias yog cov ceg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas ua rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus, thaum nws mus rau lub diaphragm, thiab nws qhov kev poob qis yuav ua rau paresis ntawm lub diaphragm ntawm qhov sib txawv hnyav lossis nws tuag tes tuag taw. Tus mob no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, mus txog qhov hnyav.

Qee zaum, thaum lub ncauj tsev menyuam raug cuam tshuam, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog phrenic hlab ntsha, pathology yog tshwm sim los ntawm clonic convulsions nyob rau hauv lub diaphragm, uas externally manifest li hiccups.

khoom ntshav

Lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov qauv ntawm sab sauv ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum yog cov ceg me ntawm cov hlab ntsha vertebral, uas, pib los ntawm cov hlab ntsha subclavian, nce raws tus txha nraub qaum, nkag mus rau hauv cov kab noj hniav thiab muab me me. ceg raws nws tag nrho ntev los muab cov anatomical formations ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam nqaj qaum.

Cev xeeb tub plexus anatomy
Cev xeeb tub plexus anatomy

YCervical plexus pathology

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub cev muaj zog, kev xav thiab trophic mob. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov tsos mob yog vim kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov paj hlwb,muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv. Kev ua txhaum cai muaj feem xyuam rau cov kabmob uas lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus muab cov ceg rau innervation. Nws lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog xws li nrog swb ntawm txhua lub hauv paus, tag nrho peb txoj haujlwm raug kev txom nyem.

Zoo swb

  1. Traumatization, piv txwv li, nrog dislocations los yog subluxations ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam vertebrae, bruises los yog yug raug mob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos.
  2. Compression syndrome thaum lub sij hawm compression los ntawm neoplasm, pob txha tawg, hematoma los yog ntaub qhwv (nrog rau kev ua tsis raug cai limb immobilization).
  3. Kab mob kis kab mob uas lub ncauj tsev menyuam ntawm cov leeg txha caj qaum tuaj yeem nkag mus tom qab kis kab mob (tus kab mob herpetic, kab mob khaub thuas, tonsillitis, syphilis).
  4. Toxic etiology ntawm cervical plexitis. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev quav dej quav cawv lossis thaum muaj tshuaj lom hlau hnyav.
  5. Kev mob ntshav siab (hypothermia) tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
  6. Kev ua xua lossis kev puas tsuaj autoimmune, thaum qhov kev ua phem ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog yuam kev rau lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg.
  7. Cov kab mob ntev ntev ua rau kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus ntawm cov paj hlwb.
cervical plexus ntawm tus txha caj qaum
cervical plexus ntawm tus txha caj qaum

Kev tshwm sim

Ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus yog:

  • Nyob ib leeg.
  • ob npaug.

Txhua tus neeg mob uas lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus thiab nws cov ceg raug cuam tshuam yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev muaj zog, kev xav thiabtrophic mob nyob rau hauv sib thooj cheeb tsam ntawm innervation. Pathology mus dhau cov theem hauv qab no hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob:

  • Neuralgic theem. Manifestations yog txuam nrog irritation ntawm lub paj hlwb. Feem ntau, ib qho mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntse mob nyob rau hauv lub sab lateral ib feem ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog irradiation rau lub auricle thiab occipital cheeb tsam, raws li zoo raws li intermittent irradiation mus rau sab caj npab mus rau lub ntsis ntiv tes. Lub localization ntawm qhov mob syndrome sib haum mus rau sab ntawm qhov txhab. Kev mob hnyav nce ntxiv nrog kev ua haujlwm nquag thiab tsis muaj zog; Lub xeev ntawm kev so yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, tab sis qhov mob thaum so, thiab txawm tias hmo ntuj, tsis ploj tag nrho. Qhov mob yog nrog los ntawm paresthesias, txias ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ib qho teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rhiab heev nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm innervation ntawm cov paj hlwb cuam tshuam.
  • Paralytic stage. Cov theem ntawm paresis thiab tuag tes tuag taw (nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov txhab) yog cov cim qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus. Vim kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha phrenic, hiccups tau sau tseg thiab, vim tsis muaj kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg nqaij, muaj teeb meem, cuam tshuam hauv kev hnoos; kev mob ntawm lub suab tsim, ua tsis taus pa - mus txog qhov ua tsis taus pa hnyav heev thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav ntawm kev ua pa, mus txog rau kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm. Cov kab mob trophic ua rau o thiab cyanotic xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev hloov hauv lawv cov turgor; Tsis tas li ntawd, tawm hws yog cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws lub zog. Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm atrophic hauv cov leeg ntawm lub xub pwg nyom, uas yog vim li cas.nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav muaj kev tsim ntawm ib txwm dislocations ntawm lub xub pwg leeg; los yog tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub caj dab, qhov mob hnyav uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tsev me nyuam cov leeg ua lawv txoj haujlwm: tus neeg mob lub taub hau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tuaj yeem txav mus rau pem hauv ntej kom lub puab tsaig nyob ib sab ntawm lub sternum. Nrog xws li cov kab mob sib sib zog nqus, kev txav mus los nrog kev pab ntawm cov leeg mob yog tsis yooj yim sua; tus neeg mob no tsa taub hau rau nws tus kheej.
  • Rov qab theem. Nyob rau theem no, cov paj hlwb tsis zoo pib maj mam rov zoo. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev rov qab los tsis tiav, nrog cov xwm txheej seem nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm paresis lossis tuag tes tuag taw ntawm peripheral hom (flaccid cim) thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov leeg nqaij (cov lus nyob rau hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm cov phenomena residual nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peripheral paresis yuav tsum qhia txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov leeg nqaij. cuam tshuam paj hlwb).

Cov teebmeem seem:

  • Flaccid (peripheral) paresis lossis tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg ntawm caj dab thiab xub pwg girdle, ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub xub pwg sib koom ua ke thiab tus cwj pwm lub taub hau vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam.
  • Kev mob leeg nqaij; Convulsions thiab spasms nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij innervated los ntawm ceg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus.
  • Sensory cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm paresthesia thiab mob hyperesthesia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm rhiab innervation ntawm lub plexus.
  • Cov kab mob trophic ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos hauv cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Cervical plexus anesthesia tso cai rau kev phais mob ntawm caj dab, thyroid caj pas, cov hlab ntsha ntawm brachiocephalicpab pawg rau kev raug mob, phom phom, kab mob oncological.

Vim tias cov ceg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus yog anastomosed anteriorly raws nruab nrab ntawm lub caj dab, cov hauv paus kev hnov qab ntawm ntug ntawm cov leeg sternocleidomastoid yuav tsum tau tshuaj loog ob sab. Cov tshuaj loog no tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm, ntawm lwm yam, kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm caj dab (xws li laryngectomy, tshem tawm ntawm oncological neoplasms).

txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv tshuaj loog ntawm cov ceg ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam plexus, ntxiv kev thaiv ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntawm lub paj hlwb uas ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub caj dab tau tso cai.

cervical plexus paj hlwb
cervical plexus paj hlwb

Txhawm rau ua tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm no, tshuaj loog yog ua nrog txoj hauv kev sab nrauv, txij li kev siv txoj hauv kev sab nraud (txhaj tshuaj loog rau hauv qhov chaw subdural) cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim teeb meem loj heev, yog li Txoj kev mus rau sab nraud tsis siv yog tias ua tau.

Pom zoo: