Ntau tus ntshai hnov qhov kev kuaj mob "Oncology", txawm hais tias mob qog noj ntshav tsis yog ib qho kab mob tuag taus. Kab lus no yuav tham txog cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li mob qog noj ntshav ntawm tus txiv neej qhov chaw mos, txoj hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob.
Symptoms of disease
Cov tsos mob feem ntau ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav yog kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw mos, xws li tawv tawv thiab o ntawm thaj chaw. Lwm qhov kev ceeb toom ntawm tus kab mob txaus ntshai yog kev hloov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm noov.
Cia peb saib cov cim feem ntau ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav no:
- Hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw mos, xws li xim.
- tso tawm, qee zaum nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab.
- o thaj ua rau thaj, edema, pob liab liab, pob lossis pob uas muaj xim tsis zoo.
- Kev piav qhia qhov mob ntawm noov.
- Kab ntshav hauv qhov chaw mos.
- o cov qog ntshav qab zib hauv pliaj (inguinal adenopathy).
Penile mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau zoo li cov kab mob uas tsis zoo li qub uas npog nrogscab.
kuaj pom mob cancer ntxov
Cov tsos mob no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog lwm yam kab mob uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav, yog li nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham, vim tias mob qog noj ntshav thaum pib kuj muaj cov tsos mob no. Yog tias tus kws kho mob kuaj pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav, kuaj lub cev thiab kuaj ntshav biopsy, uas suav nrog kev noj cov hlwb los ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm noov rau kev kuaj thiab kuaj mob.
Yuav luag txhua tus qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav ua ntej hauv lub taub hau ntawm qhov chaw mos (mob qog noj ntshav ntawm qhov chaw mos) lossis ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv qab ntawm lub foreskin (tsis ua kevcai txiav).
mob qog noj ntshav tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm qhov chaw mos. Yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog kuaj tau thaum lub foreskin rub rov qab. Raws li txoj cai, thawj cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub caj pas los yog foreskin. Cov tawv nqaij puas kuj tuaj yeem ua kom tuab lossis ua xim liab tsis zoo. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij tom qab ntawd maj mam hloov mus rau hauv cov pob me me (feem ntau yog xim daj-xim av) lossis rwj, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg los ntshav. Nws feem ntau tsis ua rau mob hnyav. Qee zaum, nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, cov pob me me nrog lub pob zeb yuav tshwm sim.
Ib daim duab ntawm qog nqaij hlav qog tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab.
Terminal tsos mob
Yog tias tsis kho, mob qog noj ntshav yuav loj hlob thiab kis mus rau tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub caj pas.thiab/los yog foreskin. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg tob ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, qhov chaw uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam tsos mob. Cov txiv neej nyiam txaj muag lossis ntshai thaum thawj cov tsos mob thiab tsis tuaj yeem mus ntsib kws kho mob kom txog thaum mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tus kws kho mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab nyob rau theem kawg (thib peb lossis theem plaub):
- o hauv pliaj (vim cov qog ntshav qog ntshav).
- mob.
- Nyob.
- mob plab.
- pob txha.
- poob ceeb thawj yam tsis muaj laj thawj.
Hom kab mob oncological ntawm txiv neej qhov chaw mos
Muaj rau ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav no:
- Squamous cell carcinoma. Qhov no yog squamous cell hom mob qog noj ntshav rau cov txiv neej. Yog feem ntau. Feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub foreskin los yog glans noov.
- Warty carcinoma. Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab feem ntau txwv rau qhov noov thiab tsis kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
- Adenocarcinoma. Tsim los ntawm cov qog hws ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Melanoma. Nws pib los ntawm cov hlwb hu ua melanocytes (uas muab cov tawv nqaij nws cov xim tsaus). Muaj tsawg zaus, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho sai heev.
- Basal cell cancer. Tsim nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij hlwb. Hom mob qog noj ntshav no maj mam zuj zus thiab feem ntau nyob hauv cheeb tsam yam tsis muaj kev loj hlob mus rau lwm tuscheeb tsam lub cev.
- Sarcoma. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg connective ntawm noov. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob tsawg heev, suav hais tias ua tsis tau.
Kev txhim kho kab mob
Feem ntau, qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav no tsis paub txog kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam uas paub tias yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav. Lawv suav nrog:
- Hnub nyoog. Hom mob qog noj ntshav no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov txiv neej tshaj tsib caug.
- Ntau tus mob qog noj ntshav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg papillomavirus.
- Qee cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub foreskin tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog nqaij hlav rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, xws li erythroplasia ntawm Queirat thiab xerotic obliterans balanitis (tshwj xeeb lichen ntawm lub caj pas noov). Ob yam kab mob no tsawg heev.
- Phimosis hauv cov txiv neej laus thiab, raws li, tsis muaj kev tu cev ntawm lub foreskin. Phimosis yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm lub taub hau ntawm noov vim qhov nqaim ntawm lub foreskin.
- Kev hlais ua rau tus tub uas nyiag lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg papillomavirus
Tom qab muaj kev kis kab mob los ntawm tus kab mob herpes lossis human papillomavirus (HPV), qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav nce ntxiv. Muaj ntau hom kab mob HPV. Ob hom kab mob (HPV 16 thiab HPV 18) yog qhov ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm penile carcinoma nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Cov hom no yuav luag ib txwmkis tau los ntawm kev sib deev los ntawm tus neeg mob. Kev kis kab mob los ntawm ib hom kab mob no feem ntau tsis muaj tsos mob.
Yog li, nws tsis tuaj yeem paub tias leej twg ntawm tus khub sib deev kis tau. Hauv qee tus txiv neej, hom kab mob ntawm tib neeg papillomavirus uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov hlwb ntawm qhov chaw mos. Qhov no ua rau cov hlwb ntau dua rau kev hloov pauv. Tom qab ntau xyoo, lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv ob xyoos, hauv 9 ntawm 10 tus neeg kis tus kabmob, tus kabmob papillomavirus raug tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm lub cev. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg kis tus kab mob HPV no yuav tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm tes.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim
Yog tias pom muaj ib lossis ntau tus tsos mob, yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob, leej twg yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw mos ua ntej txhawm rau ntsuas kev puas tsuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov hauv pliaj o. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas thiab kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm qhov chaw mos. Cov txheej txheem no muaj nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Qee zaum cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm thaj chaw inguinal kuj raug tshem tawm. Tej zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm ob lub lis piam los tos txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm biopsy.
- Magnetic resonance imaging ntawm noov los soj ntsuam theem ntawm cancer.
- Computed tomography ntawm lub hauv siab, plab thiab pelvis.
Cov kev tshawb fawb kho mob no tuaj yeem muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov qauv ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv.
kho mob qog noj ntshavmember
Cov kws kho mob pom zoo rau kev phais feem ntau. Hom kev phais nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qog thiab nws qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw mos. Yog tias tus kab mob no me me thiab cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm noov xwb, ces cov qog thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias mob qog noj ntshav tau nyob rau theem siab dhau lawm, ib feem ntawm noov yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm lossis txawm tias txiav tag nrho.
Kev phais kho dua tshiab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau tus txiv neej uas mob qog noj ntshav. Tus kws phais mob oncologist yuav tau tham txog ntau hom kev phais kho dua tshiab nrog tus neeg mob. Lymph nodes nyob rau hauv puab tais feem ntau kuj raug tshem tawm thaum phais. Ntxiv nrog rau kev phais, kev siv tshuaj khomob thiab kev kho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv los ua kom paub tseeb tias cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas tseem tshuav tau tuag lawm. Yog tias mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau theem pib thiab tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm noov, cov kws kho mob qee zaum muab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb los tua cov kab mob.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev laser microsurgery, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev sib deev thiab tso zis ntawm cov txiv neej. Tom qab kev phais, lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob yog ntau tshaj tsib xyoos.
theem kab mob kev loj hlob
Kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm noov tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntawm ntau theem nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, txij li thawj theem, thaum mob qog noj ntshav tsuas yog txwv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw mos, mus rau theem plaub, qhov twg cov qog ntshav hauv pelvis lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev nthuav dav. Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer yuav yogntau theem ntawm kev loj hlob thaum kawm los ntawm biopsy. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv plaub theem:
- 1st theem (thawj pib). Cov hlwb zoo li qub, thiab zoo li loj hlob thiab sib txuas qeeb heev thiab tsis ua nruj heev.
- 2nd theem (middle).
- theem 3. Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer zoo li txawv txawv thiab, kev hais lus kho mob, tsis zoo sib txawv, zoo li loj hlob thiab sib ntxiv sai heev, thiab muaj kev txhoj puab heev.
- Nyob rau theem plaub, metastases tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev thiab cov kabmob, qhov no yog theem kawg ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.
Txhua theem siv sijhawm sib txawv los txhim kho. Ib tus kab mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem txhim kho tau ntev heev, lossis nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm kev nrawm nrawm, tsis muaj sijhawm rau tus neeg mob. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus kab mob thiab lub xeev ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog theem thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob pab cov kws kho mob xaiv qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm rov qab los
Muaj txoj hauv kev los kho tus kab mob no yog tias mob qog noj ntshav qog ntshav tau kuaj pom thiab kho thaum nws nyob rau theem pib (tso rau qhov noov thiab tsis kis mus rau cov qog ntshav). Feem ntau, tom qab qhov kev kuaj mob tau tsim, ntau dua theem ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav, qhov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav dua. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, kev kho mob feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav. Feem ntau cov kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm sib deev, txawm tias xav taukev ua haujlwm.
Kev kis tus kab mob no
Penile mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov txiv neej hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America, tab sis feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov txiv neej hauv East Asia, South America thiab Africa. Hauv Russia, qhov tshwm sim tsuas yog 0.3%, thiab hauv Asmeskas - 0.4%. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg mob yog txog rau caum xyoo, ntawm cov hnub nyoog qis dua kaum yim, tus kab mob no tsis tau kuaj pom.
