Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal. Mob qog noj ntshav esophageal: thawj cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis

Cov txheej txheem:

Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal. Mob qog noj ntshav esophageal: thawj cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis
Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal. Mob qog noj ntshav esophageal: thawj cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis

Video: Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal. Mob qog noj ntshav esophageal: thawj cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis

Video: Thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal. Mob qog noj ntshav esophageal: thawj cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis
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Anonim

mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab hauv cov npe ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thib xya. Tias yog vim li cas hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv xav xav txog tus kab mob no kom ntxaws ntxiv. Yog li, lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm yog los kawm kom ntau li ntau tau txog qhov mob qog noj ntshav yog dab tsi: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, cov cim qhia, ua rau muaj teeb meem.

cov cim qhia ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal
cov cim qhia ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav esophageal

Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov ntsiab lus uas yuav siv zog rau hauv kab lus no. Yog li, txoj hlab pas yog lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txuas tib neeg lub plab nrog lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj hlab pas "tsis nyiam" kub lossis txias, ntsim dhau los yog kib. Vim yog cov xwm txheej no, cov mucous membrane ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau mob, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li qog nqaij hlav. Thiab yog tias cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tseem tuaj yeem tiv nrog benign neoplasms, tom qab ntawd cov qog nqaij hlav ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tsis yog rau kev noj qab haus huv nkaus xwb, tab sis txawm rau lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov teeb meem kuj nyuaj los ntawm qhov nyuaj nrhiav pom tus kab mob nyob rau theem pib ntawm nws pib (tsis muaj tsos mob).

Txoj kev mob

hais tau tias tsim nyog tshajCov theem pib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob uas tuaj yeem qhia rau tus neeg tias ib yam dab tsi tsis zoo rau lub cev. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab lub qog nqaim ntawm txoj hlab pas yuav luag ib nrab, ib tug neeg yuav hnov qhov tsis xis nyob. Nws tsim nyog hais tias mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov txiv neej yog 4 npaug ntau dua li cov poj niam. Pab pawg txaus ntshai - cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 50-60 xyoo. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg muaj mob qog nqaij hlav, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub cev tsis sib xws. Yog li, cov hlab ntsha sab saud yuav raug cuam tshuam txog li 10%, nruab nrab los ntawm 40%, thiab qis dua li ntawm 50%.

esophageal cancer thawj qhov cim
esophageal cancer thawj qhov cim

Kev tshwm sim

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus no yog los kawm txog cov tsos mob thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv esophageal. Yog li, ntawm qhov ua rau tus kab mob no, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

  1. Khoom noj. Hauv thawj qhov chaw, qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov nquag noj cov zaub mov kub, nrog rau kev siv cawv thiab nws cov surrogates. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov zaub mov ntsim dhau los ntawm kev noj haus.
  2. Geographical factor. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg mob kuj cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Tab sis nws tag nrho los ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm kev noj zaub mov. Yog li, qhov tshwm sim ntawm carcinomas ntau dua nyob rau qee thaj tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Iran, thiab tseem nyob hauv Central Asia. Thiab tag nrho vim lawv nyiam cov zaub mov pickled, pwm nceb thiab cov tais diav kub heev.
  3. Vitamin deficiency. Tsis muaj cov vitamins A thiab C tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
  4. Txog peb zaugQhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no siab dua rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab 12 npaug ntau dua ntawm cov neeg haus cawv.
  5. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav nce ntxiv yog tias lub cev no tau raug hlawv nrog alkali. Txawm tias ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
  6. Thiab, tau kawg, qee yam kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Cancer ntawm txoj hlab pas yuav yog vim achalasia ntawm txoj hlab pas los yog hu ua Barrett's esophagus.

Symptom 1. Dysphagia

Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum xav txog thawj cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Nws yog ua tsaug rau lawv uas koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus kab mob. Yog li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus neeg mob yuav hnov qhov nyuaj hauv kev nqos cov zaub mov. Ib tug neeg yuav muaj kev xav tias ib yam dab tsi hauv caj pas cuam tshuam nrog cov zaub mov zoo li qub, cov zaub mov ntawd tsis tu ncua. Txhawm rau zam qhov tsis xis nyob, tus neeg yuav tsum zom txhua yam kom zoo zoo. Yog tias tus kab mob pib thiab tsis kho, tom qab ib ntus txawm tias cov kua yuav tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm lub cev no. Thaum kawg ntawm tus kab mob no, ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem nqos nws cov qaub ncaug ib txwm. Yuav luag txhua theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob (tshwj tsis yog thawj zaug) yog nrog los ntawm kev mob siab.

cov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm esophageal cancer
cov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm esophageal cancer

theem ntawm dysphagia

Kawm txog thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, nws tsim nyog hais tias kev nqos nyuaj thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim ib ntus, nws tsis tas yuav thab tus neeg. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab tus kab mob. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias ib tug neeg tsis txhawj xeeb txog dab tsi, ces tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev hu rau tus kws kho mob. Nws tus kheejdysphagia muaj plaub theem:

  1. Tham thawj zaug, tus neeg muaj teeb meem nqos cov zaub mov loj, nrog rau thaum dhau cov khoom noj fiber ntau (nqaij, qhob cij, qee yam zaub lossis txiv hmab txiv ntoo).
  2. Thaum theem ob, nws nyuaj rau tus neeg mob nqos cov nplej tuab thiab cov qos yaj ywm mashed.
  3. theem peb ntawm dysphagia cuam tshuam nrog kev nyuaj ntawm kev hla cov kua dej los ntawm txoj hlab pas.
  4. Hnub kawg yog kev ua kom tiav ntawm txoj hlab pas.

Symptom 2. Pain

Dab tsi ntxiv uas ua rau mob qog noj ntshav? Thawj cov cim yog mob. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob ntawm ntau theem ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov xwm ntawm qhov mob tuaj yeem sib txawv - nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob thiab du. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsis xis nyob tsis tshwm sim hauv caj pas nws tus kheej, tab sis hauv caj dab, nruab nrab ntawm lub xub pwg hniav thiab hauv lub puab tsaig.

Symptom 3. Reflux

Dab tsi yog thawj cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav? Yog li, cov kws kho mob hais tias belching (los yog hauv cov lus tshawb fawb - reflux) tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau tus kab mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws tshwm sim tom qab noj mov hnyav lossis tom qab noj zaub mov ntsim thiab tsis tshua muaj, qhov no yog qhov qub. Yog tias belching tshwm sim tsis hais txog kev noj zaub mov txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nruab hnub lossis hmo ntuj, qhov no yuav yog ib qho kev ceeb toom rau qhov tseeb tias yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob sai.

Symptom 3. ntuav, xeev siab

Thaum cov qog loj tuaj, tus neeg mob yuav tsis tsuas xeev siab, tab sis txawm ntuav. Kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav impurities hauv ntuav.

Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm esophageal
Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm esophageal

Symptom 4. Ntshav

Tom ntej peb xav txog thawj cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Raws li tau hais los saum no, ntshav tuaj yeem pom hauv tus neeg mob ntuav. Qhov no ua tau vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov txhab thiab ulcers nyob rau hauv txoj hlab pas (ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog). Ib feem ntawm cov ntshav tuaj yeem tawm nrog ntuav, thiab ib feem tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv plab. Vim li ntawd, cov ntshav sib xyaw kuj tuaj yeem nyob hauv tus neeg mob cov quav.

Symptom 5. Nce salivation

Yog tias ib tus neeg muaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txoj hlab pas, thawj cov cim qhia yog hiccups thiab nce salivation. Hiccups tshwm sim vim nyuaj rau kev hla huab cua los ntawm txoj hlab pas. Thiab nce salivation yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog thiab muaj teeb meem nrog nqos nws tus kheej qaub ncaug. Cov kua tsis tau mus qhov twg, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab ua rau tib neeg tsis xis nyob.

Symptom 6. qaug zog, poob phaus

Tom ntej no, paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav. Yog li, ib tug neeg kuj tuaj yeem muaj qhov tawg, poob phaus, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem nce. Thiab tag nrho vim tias, vim muaj teeb meem nrog kev nqos, tus neeg mob tsuas nres noj (qhov no koj tuaj yeem zam qhov mob). Thiab qhov no suav nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals, uas ua rau cov tsos mob zoo li no. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, ntau yam khaub thuas tuaj yeem "lo" rau tus neeg mob, uas yuav ua rau qhov kub thiab txias.

cov tsos mob thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav esophageal
cov tsos mob thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav esophageal

Symptom 7. Suab hloov, hnoos

Qhov tseem ceeb thiab thawj cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog hnoos nquag thiab hloov pauv ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg lub suab. Tag nrho cov no yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlobmetastases nyob rau hauv lub larynx, bronchi. Hoarseness tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub suab, zoo li nrog cov kab mob ua pa. Feem ntau ib tug neeg muaj mob ntawm lub suab.

Symptom 8. Ua tsis taus pa

Zoo, thaum tus kab mob tsis nyob rau thawj theem lawm, tus neeg mob yuav ua pa phem. Lymph nodes kuj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, uas yuav qhia tau tias metastases tau "tso" nyob ntawd. Tus ntxhiab tsw ntawm qhov ncauj yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Kev nyuaj siab

Tau suav tias yog thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav, nws tsim nyog hais tias thaum cov qog nqaij hlav tsis zoo, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib cov teeb meem hauv qab no:

  1. Tsev los ntshav. Tej zaum yuav nrog ntuav nrog ntshav, xeev siab, tsis nco qab. Nrog rau lub sijhawm los ntshav los ntawm cov qog, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tsim cov quav dub. Cov xwm txheej no xav tau kev kho mob sai.
  2. Tumor perforation. Tus neeg mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv txoj hlab pas, uas yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm o nyob rau hauv lub mediastinum. Tag nrho cov no yuav nrog mob, kub taub hau, thiab qaug zog ntawm lub cev.
paub cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav
paub cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav

Diagnosis

Cia peb xav txog tej yam kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txoj hlab pas. Cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia - peb xam nws tawm. Tam sim no kuv xav tham txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem uas koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas kom raug. Yog li, nws tsis tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej kom tsuas yog ib qho kev kuaj mob ntawm txoj hlab pas, qhov no yuav tsis muab tag nrho cov duab ntawm tus kab mob. Txhawm rau kuaj mob, koj yuav xav taucov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no:

  1. X-ray. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov qog, nrog rau kom paub nws qhov chaw nyob.
  2. Fibrobronchoscopy yuav pab txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov qog loj hlob mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas, nrog rau kom nkag siab seb puas muaj metastases tshwm sim.
  3. Esophagogastroscopy yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov ciam teb ntawm cov qog thiab qhia meej qhov kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej.
  4. Ultrasound thiab CT yog cov txheej txheem thib ob uas pab qhia meej qhov kev kuaj mob, txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov qog thiab muaj cov metastases.
  5. Lab kuaj ntshav ua kom nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog tus kabmob.

Kev kho mob

Ntau yam teeb meem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txoj hlab pas. Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob, theem, kev kho mob thiab prognosis - tag nrho cov no tseem ceeb heev thiab yuav tsum tau tham nrog tus kws kho mob. Yog li, nyob rau theem no, kuv xav xav txog ntau yam ntxiv rau txhua txoj kev kho mob uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov no.

  1. Radiation therapy.
  2. Kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob txoj hlab pas yuav raug tshem tawm. Lub plab los yog lub plab hnyuv plasty tseem yuav xav tau.
  3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke: kev kho hluav taws xob ua ke nrog kev phais.

Raws li kev siv tshuaj khomob, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig raws li txoj kev ywj pheej.

Poob qhov qis thiab nruab nrab ntawm txoj hlab pas. Hauv qhov no, kev cuam tshuam kev phais tom qab hluav taws xob thiab kws khomob yuav ua tau zoo. Yog tias cov qog tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, kev kho hluav taws xob yuav raug siv.

Yog tus neeg mob raug cuam tshuam los ntawm sab sauv thib peb ntawm txoj hlab pas, qhov noKev kho hluav taws xob yuav cuam tshuam.

Yog hais tias tus kab mob no siab heev, thiab tus neeg mob muaj theem kawg ntawm dysphagia (ib txwm noj zaub mov tsis yooj yim sua), siv gastrostomy. Qhov no yog kev phais mob, thaum, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, tus neeg mob lub plab yog sutured mus rau lub anterior plab phab ntsa, ces ib lub raj mis muab tso rau hauv nws.

thawj cov cim qhia thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ntawm esophageal thiab prognosis
thawj cov cim qhia thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ntawm esophageal thiab prognosis

Huab cua

Thaum thawj cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav tau txiav txim siab, kev kho mob thiab kev kuaj mob kuj tseem ceeb heev los tham txog. Yog hais tias txhua yam twb tau hais txog kev kho mob, ces nws yog lub sij hawm los nrhiav cov kev tshwm sim rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kuv xav hais tias txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab ntau yam. Ntawd yog, txhua rooj plaub yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab sib cais. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lej dav dav kuj tuaj yeem muab tau:

  1. Yog tias tsis tau kho mob qog noj ntshav, qhov kev tshwm sim hauv qhov no tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy ntawm cov neeg mob los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev kuaj pom tus kab mob yog kwv yees li 6-8 lub hlis. Yog kuaj pom ntxov, qee cov neeg mob nyob tau li ntawm 5 xyoos yam tsis tau kho.
  2. Yog siv hluav taws xob kho, kev ciaj sia ntawm cov neeg mob tau zoo dua.
  3. Nrog kev kho mob ua ke tom qab kev phais mob radical, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob nyob ntau dua tsib xyoos.
  4. Nrog kev kho mob nyuaj (yog tias kuaj pom metastases), kwv yees li 57% ntawm cov neeg mob nyob tau ntau dua tsib xyoos.

Pom zoo: