Yuav luag thaum me nyuam yaus, peb hnov tias yuav tsum muaj zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv rau ntawm peb lub rooj. Lawv muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals uas tsim nyog rau peb lub cev ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no kuj suav nrog carotenoids. Nws yog dab tsi? Cov tshuaj no ua lub luag haujlwm dab tsi hauv lub cev? Xav paub ntxiv.
YDab tsi yog carotenoids
Cov no yog tib yam tshuaj uas ua rau zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo daj, txiv kab ntxwv. Cov nroj tsuag xav tau carotenoids kom nqus tau lub hnub ci zog. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov xim pigments muaj nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov kab mob nyob.
Ntawm tag nrho cov npe pigments, lawv muaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab nthuav tawm ntau yam.
Cov khoom ntawm carotenoids
Ntau pawg ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj peev xwm sib txawv los nqus hnub ci. Tab sis muaj qee qhov khoom sib sau ua ke:
- Carotenoids tsis yaj hauvdej.
- Muaj zoo solubility hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic: benzene, hexane, chloroform.
- Muaj peev xwm raug xaiv los ntawm cov ntxhia absorbents, cov cuab yeej no yog siv los cais lawv los ntawm chromatography.
- Nyob hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, carotenoids yog labile heev: lawv teb zoo rau lub hnub ci, rhiab rau oxygen, thiab tsis tiv taus cua sov, raug rau cov kua qaub thiab alkalis. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yam tsis zoo no, cov xim carotene raug rhuav tshem.
- Raws li ib feem ntawm cov protein complexes, carotenoids ua kom ruaj khov.
Ntau yam ntawm carotenoids
Txawm hais tias txhua yam khoom muaj nyob hauv tib pab pawg thiab muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, lawv raug faib nyob ntawm cov xim pigmentation ua 2 pawg:
- Carotenes. Cov no yog txiv kab ntxwv hydrocarbons. Tsis muaj oxygen atoms hauv cov qauv.
- Xanthophylls - pleev xim rau ntau yam xim, xws li daj mus rau liab.
Carotenoids yog:
Alpha-carotene. Nws pom muaj ntau ntau hauv cov txiv kab ntxwv-xim zaub. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws muaj peev xwm tig mus rau hauv vitamin A. Qhov tsis muaj alpha-carotene ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab plawv pathologies
- YBeta-carotene. Pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo daj thiab zaub. Tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dawb radicals. Nws yog ib qho muaj zog antioxidant uas tuaj yeem hu ua tus tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Latin Lutein. Nws tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm retina, tiv thaiv tsis zooraug ultraviolet. Nrog kev siv tas li, nws txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob cataracts los ntawm 25%. Ntau cov lutein muaj nyob rau hauv spinach, zaub qhwv, zucchini thiab carrots.
- Beta-cryptoxanthin. Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob inflammatory, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob caj dab rheumatoid thiab lwm yam kab mob sib koom ua ke. Nws pom muaj ntau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo citrus, taub dag, kua txob qab zib.
- YLycopene. Nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau hauv normalization ntawm cov roj cholesterol metabolism. Tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis, pab tiv thaiv qhov hnyav tshaj. Sumppresses txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic plab hnyuv microflora. Lub hauv paus ntawm lycopene yog txiv lws suav, lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam, txiv lws suav.
Txhua hom carotenoids ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov kab mob nyob.
YLub luag haujlwm ntawm carotenoids
Xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim no rau tib neeg:
- Carotenoids yog cov tshuaj uas yog cov vitamin A. Nws tsis tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev, tab sis xav tau rau lub neej ib txwm.
- Muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes.
- Carotenoids ua haujlwm antioxidant.
- Muaj cov nyhuv immunostimulatory.
- Tiv thaiv chromosomal mutations.
- Koom nrog cov kev pab cuam caj ces los rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
- Muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cell.
- Suppress oncogenes.
- inhibit kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory uas ua rau cov kab mob degenerative.
- Txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov muag.
- Ua kom cov enzymes uas rhuav tshem cov tshuaj phem.
- Ua rau lub cev tsis tu ncua ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
- Pab tswj dej kom sib npaug.
- Txhawb nqa kev thauj cov calcium hla lub cell membrane.
- Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, carotenoids yog cov khoom uas tseem siv los ua cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlab ntsha neuronal.
Daim ntawv qhia tias carotenoids ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, thiab vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua ke, lawv yuav tsum tuaj ntawm sab nraud.
Natural sources of coloring pigments
Txhua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub daj muaj carotenoids. Cov tshuaj no kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv greenery, vim hais tias ntawm ntsuab chlorophyll lawv yog invisible, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yog lawv leej twg muab nplooj ci xim.
Ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm carotenoids yog:
- pam roj. Nws suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm coenzyme Q10, vitamin E thiab carotenoids.
- Carrot.
- Rowan txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- txiv kab ntxwv kua txob.
- pob kws.
- Txhua citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Apricots.
- Pumpkin.
- Rosehip.
- Peaches.
- txiv lws suav.
- Hiav txwv buckthorn.
Persimmon Nyob
Pigments kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv paj, piv txwv li, calendula petals yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carotenoids, paj paj ntoos. Lawv pom muaj nyob rau hauv qe qe, thiab nyob rau hauv qee hom ntses.
txheej txheem ntawm assimilation ntawm pigments nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev
Tom qabThaum cov tshuaj no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov txheej txheem assimilation pib hauv cov hnyuv me nrog kev koom tes ntawm qee pawg enzymes. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau raug tsim los hais tias qhov nqus ntawm carotenoids tshwm sim zoo dua yog hais tias finely tws thiab kub-kho zaub mov noj.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nqus kom tiav thiab muaj cov rog. Piv txwv li, yog tias tsuas yog kwv yees li 1% ntawm carotenoids tau nqus los ntawm cov carrots nyoos, tom qab ntxiv roj, qhov feem pua yuav nce mus rau 25.
Vitamin A hauv ampoules
Yog tias cov carotenoids tsis txaus nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov, qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj multivitamin uas muaj cov tshuaj no. Cov neeg tsim khoom muab cov nyiaj hauv daim ntawv:
- tshuaj;
- capsules;
- gel.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav muaj, ntxiv rau cov vitamin A, lwm yam khoom xyaw:
Vitamin B.
Ncotinamide Ncotinamide
phosphorus
Vitamin A hauv ampoules yuav tsum tau noj tsuas yog tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob, thiaj li tsis ua rau muaj kev noj ntau dhau.
Carotenoid ntau npaum
Yog tias cov zaub mov muaj me ntsis carotene (nws yog dab tsi, peb twb tau txiav txim siab lawm), ces koj yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj hluavtaws.
koob tshuaj ib hnub twg yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 25,000 IUvitamin A. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib co pathologies, nws yuav tsum tau kho cov koob tshuaj, txo los yog nce.
Rau qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau faib cov kev noj txhua hnub rau hauv ob koob. Cov koob tshuaj kuj nyob ntawm seb koj puas noj cov vitamin complex lossis ib qho ntxiv uas muaj ib hom carotene: alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene.
Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov vitamin carotene yuav tsum tau muab rau lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus ntawm 2-6 mg ib hnub. Piv txwv li, ib qho zaub ntug hauv paus muaj 8 mg, tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias tsis yog tag nrho cov nyiaj yuav nqus los ntawm lub cev.
leej twg yuav tsum noj carotenoids
Synthetic carotenoids tau pom zoo tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Txog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho oncological pathologies ntawm prostate caj pas, ntsws.
- Tiv thaiv lub plawv cov leeg ntawm cov kab mob.
- txhawm rau txo qis kev loj hlob ntawm cov hnub nyoog hloov pauv hauv retina.
- Txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm lawv siv yog vim qhov tseeb tias carotenoids yog cov tshuaj antioxidants ntuj. Molecules muaj peev xwm neutralize unstable dawb radicals. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, txawm tias qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lawv tus kheej, txhua pab pawg ntawm carotenoids muaj nws tus kheej cuam tshuam rau qee hom ntaub so ntswg hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Tsis yog txhua hom carotenoids sib npaug sib npaug hauv kev hloov pauv mus rau vitamin A, beta-carotene ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis alpha-carotene thiab cryptoxanthin muaj peev xwm ntawm cov metamorphoses, tab sis rau qhov tsawg dua.
Contraindications raudaim ntawv thov
Nws tsis pom zoo kom noj cov tshuaj carotenoids ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub. Kev siv ntau ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tus menyuam hauv plab.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cov vitamins nrog kev kho mob nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Ua ntej siv, nco ntsoov nrog kws kho mob.
Side effects
Yog tias koj noj cov zaub mov txaus uas muaj carotene (nws yog dab tsi, koj twb paub lawm), thiab cov vitamins hluavtaws ntxiv, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim. Thawj kos npe yuav yog txiv kab ntxwv staining ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ob txhais tes thiab taw. Qhov no tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij, nrog rau qhov txo qis, txhua yam rov qab mus rau qhov qub.
Yog tias muaj kev noj ib txhij ntawm ntau pawg carotenoids, lawv cuam tshuam nrog kev nqus ntawm ib leeg, thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev.
Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pathologies ntev, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Carotenoids hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Yog tias cov tshuaj no nkag mus rau lub cev tas li thiab ntau txaus, lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv hauv kev tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob:
- Tiv thaiv ntau yam mob qog noj ntshav. Piv txwv li, lycopene inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub caj pas prostate. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua uas muaj cov txiv lws suav, uas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lycopene, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav prostate los ntawm 45%. Muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov nocarotenoid thiab tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav ntawm lub plab thiab plab zom mov.
- Alpha-carotene txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam, thaum lutein thiab zeaxanthin yuav tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav.
- Kev noj cov carotenoids txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob plawv. Qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv cov zaub mov txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm plawv nres los ntawm 75%.
- Txhua carotenoids yog qhov zoo rau cov roj (cholesterol) phem.
- Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm macular degeneration ntawm retina, uas ua rau dig muag thaum laus.
- Carotenoids tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub lens.
- Tsawg txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob cataracts.
Cov Lus Qhia Carotenoid
Koj tuaj yeem muab qee qhov tseeb thiab muab cov lus pom zoo rau kev siv cov tshuaj no.
- Nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias hauv cov poj niam uas tiv thaiv kev xeeb tub tsis xav tau los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj, cov carotenoids hauv lub cev txo qis.
- Nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog, tib txoj kev tau pom, uas qhia tau hais tias xav tau cov tshuaj hluavtaws.
- Cov txiv lws suav uas muaj lycopene ntau dua li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab. Thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm cov roj hauv cov kua ntsw txhim kho nws qhov nqus.
- Lycopene pab tiv thaiv myocardial infarction, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txiv neej tsis haus luam yeeb. Tab sis cov koob tshuaj loj ntawm carotenoids txaus ntshai rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.
- zaub ntsuab kuj muaj carotenoids.
- Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog ntevThaum khaws cia, carotenoids tawg, tib yam tshwm sim thaum raug lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias carrots los ntawm lub khw muag khoom twb muaj cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj cov khoom noj no.
Nws yuav zoo li tias nrog cov khoom lag luam ntau, cov neeg niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm carotenoids, tab sis, raws li cov kws tshaj lij hais tias, yuav luag 40-60% ntawm cov neeg laus tau txais cov tshuaj no nrog zaub mov tsawg. Yog vim li cas cov zaub mov yuav tsum muaj ntau yam thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Yog tsis yog, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov vitamins hluavtaws thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus kom ntseeg tau tias lub cev ua haujlwm tag nrho.
