mob qog noj ntshav mis tau kuaj pom ntau dua hauv cov poj niam hluas hnub nyoog qis dua. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv WHO cov ntaub ntawv, kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob txaus ntshai nce txhua xyoo. Tab sis niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj tsis nyob twj ywm thiab tab tom ua haujlwm niaj hnub, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob tau tsim ua kom nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tus kab mob thaum ntxov thiab tshem tawm nws.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los daws qhov teeb meem yog mastectomy. Qhov no yog dab tsi? Ib txoj kev phais pov thawj uas siv rau hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav mis. Yog tias kaum xyoo dhau los, cov kws kho mob tau cais tag nrho cov qog nrog rau cov leeg pectoral (txawm tias nyob rau theem pib), hnub no, ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub thiab cov kws kho mob siab, nws muaj peev xwm cawm tau cov leeg ntawm lub txiv mis thiab axillary lymph nodes..
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st tab tom ua txhua yam los khaws cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv thiab tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam, vim tias kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm lub caj pas mammary ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws hnyav rau tus poj niam. Wb tham ntxiv txog hom kev phais thiab qhov tshwm sim.
Maden operation (simple mastectomy)
Tus kws phais tsis tau exciseregional axillary, subscapular thiab subclavian lymph nodes, thiab tseem tawm cov leeg ntawm lub sternum. Hauv qhov no, cov qog mammary cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm. Feem ntau tau sau rau kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov caj ces predisposition.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Pati (hloov radical)
Cov txheej txheem uas nquag thiab nrov tshaj plaws. Lub caj pas raug tshem tawm nrog rau cov kab mob cartilaginous, cov nqaij rog (subclavian, axillary, subscapular), nrog rau cov qog nqaij hlav thiab ib feem ntawm lub sternum. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau txoj haujlwm ntawm lub mis rau lub neej tag nrho thiab kev paub txog tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov kho kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ib yam li radical mastectomy.
Halstead operation (radical mastectomy)
Lub caj pas nws tus kheej yog excised nrog cov leeg nqaij thiab cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov chaw mob qog noj ntshav yuav nyob. Txhawm rau txo cov ntaub so ntswg tshem tawm, cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim ntau qhov kev hloov kho ntawm txoj kev no: raws li Madden, Halsted, Patey, Urban-Holdin, thiab lwm yam. Niaj hnub no, kev ua haujlwm radical tshem tawm cov qog mammary yog qhov tsawg heev thiab tsuas yog nyob rau theem lig., thaum lwm txoj kev yog impermissible thiab impractical.
Kev phais kho mob nrog mastectomy
Ua ntau txoj hauv kev: siv koj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov khoom siv silicone. Ib-theem reconstruction tso cai rau koj los kho qhov ntim ntawm lub mis thiab tswj nws cov duab yav dhau los. Kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov xav tau siab.lawv raug xaiv los ntawm ntau dua 75% ntawm cov poj niam uas muaj oncology. Ua ntej lawv tau nqa tawm, tus kws kho mob qhia tias tus neeg mob taug kev rau qee lub sijhawm nrog lub tsho tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom siv silicone, tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv cog qoob loo ntawm qhov xav tau, hom thiab hom tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txoj kev rov tsim kho dua rov muaj kev cia siab rau lub neej tag nrho. Kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yooj yim dua li siv koj cov ntaub.
Kev qhia
Mastectomy - yog dab tsi? Txoj kev phais kom tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant hauv cov qog mammary thiab cov chaw ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab. Nws raug sau tseg thaum kuaj pom cov qog loj uas nyob sab nraum lub caj pas mammary. Nws yog nqa tawm rau cov poj niam uas muaj lub mis me me kom tsis txhob deformation. Rau kev kho mob thiab kev zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yuav raug muab. Tom qab nws, kev kho hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm, vim tias lub mis yog me ntsis deformed. Yog li ntawd, txhua leej txhua tus txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej seb qhov twg haum nws zoo tshaj.
Kev nyuaj siab
Txawm hais tias mastectomy yog suav tias yog ib qho kev phais kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws (uas tau piav qhia saum toj no), tom qab nws ua tiav, qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo yuav tsis suav nrog. Qee cov neeg mob los ntshav hnyav, qhov no yog vim cov ntshav txhaws tsis zoo. Muaj tsawg zaus, muaj teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub xub pwg nyom. Qhov no yog vim kev kho tsis raug. Nws yog ib qho ua tau kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem xws li kab mob ntawm qhov txhab (khotsuas yog tshuaj tua kab mob xwb).
Kuj tseem muaj lymphostasis tom qab mastectomy - qhov pom tseeb thiab pom cov kua dej sib sau hauv cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Tab sis tus mob no tshwm sim kuj tsis tshua muaj. Nco ntsoov tias lymphedema tuaj yeem tsim txawm tias 2-3 xyoos tom qab kev cuam tshuam. Yog tias o tshwm sim, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev tawm dag zog tau raug sau tseg, cov ntaub qhwv (lub tes tsho elastic lossis ntaub qhwv) yog siv los txhawb cov ntshav ntws.
Post-operative period
Kev tshem tawm cov qog mammary tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua raws li cov cai tau teev tseg. Koj raug tso cai sawv ntsug rau hnub ob thiab saib xyuas koj tus kheej. Tag nrho cov haujlwm tsuas yog rov qab los rau hnub 20th. Cov kua dej feem ntau raug tshem tawm tom qab li ob lub lis piam (nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm kev kho). Cov tshuaj kho mob tau sau tseg kom txo qhov mob.
Qhia rau cov neeg mob raug phais
Rau thawj ob peb lub hlis, cov kws kho mob tsis pom zoo kom mus xyuas lub solarium thiab lub puam. Kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular rau hauv caj npab thiab kev raug mob ntawm tes yuav tsum tau zam, cov rau tes yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, zam kev puas tsuaj thiab qhov txhab. Thaum ua haujlwm hauv lub vaj, cov hnab looj tes roj hmab yuav tsum hnav. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj lymphatic stagnation thiab immobilization ntawm lub xub pwg ob leeg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau tsim lub caj npab thiab maj mam zaws lub caj dab txhua hnub tom qab kaum hnub tom qab ua haujlwm.
Kuv xav hais tias ntau tus neeg mob uas tau ua haujlwm no tau txaus siab rau lawvkev xaiv thiab lub neej zoo. Tau kawg, mastectomy (txoj kev kho mob zoo li cas, tam sim no koj kuj paub) tsis yog panacea thiab muaj nws qhov tsis zoo, tab sis tseem txoj kev no yuav pab kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tus kheej thiab tsis txhob txaj muag ntawm koj tus kheej lub cev.
