Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb hauv lub raum: hom kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia, lub sijhawm tom qab phais thiab kev tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb hauv lub raum: hom kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia, lub sijhawm tom qab phais thiab kev tiv thaiv
Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb hauv lub raum: hom kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia, lub sijhawm tom qab phais thiab kev tiv thaiv

Video: Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb hauv lub raum: hom kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia, lub sijhawm tom qab phais thiab kev tiv thaiv

Video: Kev phais kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb hauv lub raum: hom kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia, lub sijhawm tom qab phais thiab kev tiv thaiv
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Raws li kev txheeb cais, txhua tus neeg feem kaum sai dua lossis tom qab ntawd ntsib teeb meem raum. Urolithiasis (UCD), los yog urolithiasis, yog qhov ua rau pathology ntawm cov kab mob raum. Nws cuam tshuam 1-3% ntawm cov neeg. Hauv cov txiv neej, pob zeb tsim 2 zaug ntau dua, tab sis cov poj niam feem ntau tsim cov kab mob hnyav. Nephrolithiasis yog tsim ntawm pob zeb hauv ob lub raum lawv tus kheej. Lub raum pob zeb tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis deposits ntawm ntau yam ntsev.

Kev tsim pob zeb

pob zeb tshem tawm tom qab phais raum
pob zeb tshem tawm tom qab phais raum

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lawv qhov tsos:

  • khoom noj phem;
  • kev tsim txom qee yam khoom noj;
  • tawv dej haus;
  • a- thiab hypervitaminosis D;
  • cuam tshuam cov metabolism;
  • huab cua kub;
  • tsis haus dej haus;
  • kab mob raum thiab ureter;
  • hypodynamia;
  • receptionQee cov tshuaj (glucocorticoids, tetracyclines);
  • mob tom qab kws khomob.

Mechanism ntawm pob zeb tsim

Ntawm qhov nruab nrab, qhov tsim ntawm ib lub pob zeb yog los ntawm cov zis concentration thiab kev hloov hauv nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (oversaturation nrog ntsev). Cov nag lossis daus ntawm cov ntsev yog puag ncig los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, thiab lawv tau npog nrog daim nyias nyias. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm minerals thiab organic tshuaj. Ua ntej, xuab zeb tshwm, uas, raws li cov pathology zuj zus, yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv pob zeb. Nrog kev kho kom raug, qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem zam tau.

Kev faib cov pob zeb

Pob zeb txawv tsis tsuas yog qhov loj, tab sis kuj muaj nyob hauv. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv 4 hom:

  • oxalate;
  • phosphate (70% ntawm pob zeb);
  • urates (10%);
  • struvite (20%).

Neeg zoo li tsis tshua muaj, ntau lub pob zeb sib xyaw.

Vim li cas cov kws kho mob sim txiav txim seb hom pob zeb? Nws nyob ntawm cov tactics thiab xaiv kev kho mob. Los ntawm qhov chaw, pob zeb yog ib sab thiab ob sab. Nyob rau hauv cov duab: tiaj thiab puag ncig, nrog spikes, coral-zoo li thiab granular. Hauv qhov loj - los ntawm ob peb hli mus rau 3 cm lossis ntau dua. Tab sis ntau zaus pob zeb yog 1.5-2.5 cm Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov zis - hauv ob lub raum, zais zis, urethra.

Symptomatic manifestations

Lub raum pob zeb tsim txawv rau txhua tus: qee zaum hauv ib hlis, hauv lwm tus - rau xyoo. Tau ntev lawv tsis thab. Tab sis yog tias tsuas yog lub calculus tau txav mus, lub raum nto moo heev tshwm sim, uas tsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ceev. NtawmCov tsos mob:

  • mob plab hauv plab, sab thiab nraub qaum saum lub duav;
  • bloody zis (hematuria);
  • ntuav thiab xeev siab;
  • nce thiab mob diuresis;
  • temperature;
  • zis muaj protein ntau thiab ntsev.

ntsuas ntsuas

Txhua pob zeb kho tau dhau 3 theem:

  1. Txiav pob zeb hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws.
  2. Rehabilitation lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd.
  3. Kev tiv thaiv rov qab los.

Txhua theem yuav tsum muaj teeb pom kev sib cais.

Tshuaj kho mob

tshem tawm pob zeb los ntawm lub raum lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm
tshem tawm pob zeb los ntawm lub raum lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Kev kho mob pib nrog tshuaj, raws li kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws. Medicinal method - tshem cov pob zeb ntawm lub raum yam tsis muaj kev phais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv tshuaj diuresis nce ntxiv - cov tshuaj ua kom cov zis tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm noj cov kua dej ntau. Txoj kev no yog tsim nyog tsuas yog thaum lub pob zeb loj dua 4 hli, ces lawv txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv cov zis yog dawb.

Nws muaj peev xwm yaj pob zeb vim tshuaj ntsuab infusions. Qhov no yog kev ncaj ncees nrog cov pob zeb organic thiab urates. Urate yog soluble hauv 25-35% ntawm cov neeg mob. Cov pob zeb ntau tshaj plaws yog oxalates thiab phosphates, lawv yog insoluble. Tab sis txawm tias lub pob zeb pib txo qhov loj me, tsis muaj kev lees paub tag nrho ntawm 100% kev tawg.

Yog cov tshuaj tsis zoo, pob zeb loj los yog muaj ntau, muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, kev ua haujlwm raug txiav txim kom tshem cov pob zeb ntawm lub raum. Ntau tus kws kho mob urologist tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob radical, vim qhov no daws qhov teeb meem tag nrho.

Indications rau raum phais

Kev ua haujlwm qhia yog:

  • tso zis tsis yooj yim vim muaj kev cuam tshuam;
  • Kev mob raum raum tau ua ntau zaus;
  • mob hnyav tas li;
  • nquag pyelonephritis;
  • AUR - Mob urinary Retention - Emergency;
  • kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum thiab los ntshav tom qab;
  • ureter obturation;
  • raum tsis ua haujlwm;
  • raum carbuncle - purulent necrosis ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas lub pob zeb nyob;
  • purulent mob ntawm lub raum;
  • kev xav ntawm tus neeg mob ua haujlwm rau.

Txoj kev ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev phais:

  1. Unilateral urolithiasis. Tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov zis tau khaws cia.
  2. Bilateral urolithiasis - nqa tawm ib txhij lossis hauv 2 theem nrog so ntawm 1-3 lub hlis.

Yam kev ua haujlwm

Ib qhov sib txawv, kev ua haujlwm yuav txawv.

Kev tshem tawm pob zeb ntawm lub raum yog ua nyob rau hauv 3 txoj kev:

  • qhib (qhib haujlwm);
  • laparoscopy;
  • lithotripsy.

Open method

noj zaub mov tom qab lub raum phais pob zeb tshem tawm
noj zaub mov tom qab lub raum phais pob zeb tshem tawm

Kev phais plab plab kom tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb cuam tshuam nrog kev ntes ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nkag mus rau lub raum. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kho mob tom ntej yuav ntev.

Indications rau kev cuam tshuam:

  • rov qab tsis tu ncua;
  • pob zeb loj uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm lwm txoj kev;
  • mob plab.

Lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb hauv lub raum yog pyelolithotomy. Kev cuam tshuam yog ua tiavhauv qab tshuaj loog. Nyob rau sab ntawm tus neeg mob, ib tug 10 cm incision yog ua los ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam sab, cov ntaub so ntswg txiav nyob rau hauv txheej. Lub raum raug txiav, lub pob zeb raug tshem tawm ntawm lub plab mog. Lub qhov txhab yog sutured, thiab stitches raug tshem tawm tom qab ib lub lim tiam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev phais plab yog adhesions thiab mob hnyav vim lawv. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov o ntawm qhov chaw phais, uas tseem tuaj yeem ncua kev kho.

YYog pob zeb nyob hauv lub ureter, lub plab zom mov kom tshem cov pob zeb ntawm lub raum yog hu ua ureteroscopy. Txoj hauj lwm yog tib yam. Qhov kev txiav yog ua nyob rau thaj tsam uas lub pob zeb daig. Lub ureter raug nthuav tawm, tshuaj xyuas, thiab cov pob zeb daig raug tshem tawm. Niaj hnub no, kev ua haujlwm hauv plab kom tshem tawm pob zeb los ntawm lub raum yog qhov tsawg heev. Lawv siv tau thaum lwm txoj hauv kev ua tsis tiav. Feem ntau cov kev phais niaj hnub no muaj tsawg kawg nkaus.

Lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshem tawm pob zeb ntawm lub raum yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib tug resection thiab nws yog ib hom qhib. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tso cai rau koj txuag lub raum, uas ib txwm tseem ceeb thaum lub raum ua haujlwm nkaus xwb.

Indications rau resection:

  • monopole ntau (ntau kab noj hniav) pob zeb;
  • frequent relapses;
  • Ytissue necrosis;
  • theem kawg ntawm urolithiasis.

Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li kev siv tshuaj loog. Tus neeg mob muab tso rau ntawm ib sab noj qab haus huv ntawm ib tug menyuam. Layers dissect thiab thawb sib nrug ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam yog excised. Cov npoo yog sewn. Lub raj xa dej tau muab tso rau, uas tau tso rau 7-10 hnub tom qab kev ua haujlwm. Yog nws tseem qhuav thiab huv si, ces muab tshem tawm.

Laparoscopy

pob zeb tshem tawm kev phaislos ntawm kev mob raum
pob zeb tshem tawm kev phaislos ntawm kev mob raum

Ntau qhov kev txiav me me tsawg dua 12mm hauv qhov loj yog ua rau hauv plab. Los ntawm lawv, lub koob yees duab tau ntxig rau kev saib thiab lub teeb pom kev - laparoscope. Daim duab tau pub rau tus saib hauv chav ua haujlwm.

Contraindications rau laparoscopy:

  • nruj adhesions;
  • nyuaj ntawm kev nkag mus rau anatomical;
  • plab hnyuv thiab duodenal rwj;
  • decompensation ntawm cov hlab plawv;
  • nce los ntshav nrog txo qis;
  • mob inflammatory pathologies hauv lub cev;
  • pob zeb tshaj 2cm;
  • 2nd ib nrab ntawm cev xeeb tub;
  • obesity.

Laparoscopic pob zeb tshem tawm feem ntau hloov los ntawm kev phais endoscopic.

YEndoscopic phais

laser lub raum pob zeb tshem tawm kev phais
laser lub raum pob zeb tshem tawm kev phais

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb, qhov endoscope tuaj yeem tso rau hauv cov zis (urethra), zais zis, ureter, lossis ncaj qha rau hauv lub raum, piv txwv li los ntawm lub ntuj qhib. Lub pob zeb qis dua, nws yooj yim dua kom tshem tawm. Kev siv tshuaj loog lossis tshuaj loog yog muab rau cov pob zeb me dua 2 cm.

Cov lus qhia rau kev tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb:

  • no result from lithotripsy;
  • kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum tom qab pob zeb tawg.

Lub ureteroscope muaj lub raj nrog daim iav kom cov pob zeb tshem tawm tuaj yeem pom thiab tswj tau los ntawm tus kws phais.

Punctures thaum lub sijhawm phais mob me me yog qhov tsawg, thiab lub nra ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg kuj me me. Tus neeg mob twb 2-3 hnub tom qabKev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua cov txheej txheem tu cev. Yeej tsis muaj teeb meem tom qab laparoscopy.

Lithotripsy

qhib kev phais kom tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb
qhib kev phais kom tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb

Lwm hom kev phais laparoscopic yog lithotripsy. Thaum nws ua tiav, tshwj xeeb nozzles rau ultrasound yog siv los tsoo pob zeb. Cov kab hauv qab yog tias ultrasound dawb dhau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv. Thaum nthwv dej ntsib ib lub pob zeb, nws tsoo thiab tsoo nws.

Type of lithotripsy

Muaj 4 hom lithotripsy:

  1. Yog tias lub pob zeb tawg los ntawm ultrasound siv lub endoscope, qhov no yog percutaneous lossis percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).
  2. Laser lithotripsy yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau nws lub pob zeb ua kom yaj.
  3. Pneumatic txoj kev - lub pob zeb tawm ntawm lub raum, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem txav mus ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev sojntsuam tau muab tso rau hauv lub ureter thiab ib qho kev poob siab ntawm huab cua tsis muaj zog (SWL) yog siv los ntawm nws. Lub pob zeb puas lawm tom qab ob peb feeb. Cov fragments raug tshem tawm nrog tshwj xeeb tongs los yog loops. Nrog lub pob zeb siab ceev, txoj kev no tsis ua haujlwm.
  4. Yog tias SWL siv tsis yog los ntawm kev sojntsuam, tab sis los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov no yog ib qho lithotripsy sab nraud. Tsis muaj kev txiav lossis punctures ntawm no. Cov seem yog tawm hauv cov zis. Ntau tus neeg mob yws ntawm qhov mob thaum lub sij hawm xws li manipulation. Kev tswj pom pom ib txwm ua nrog ultrasound lossis x-rays. Lub ultrasound tsoo lub pob zeb rau hauv cov xuab zeb, uas tom qab ntawd muab tshem tawm nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb aspirating. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ua haujlwm, tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau hauv chav saib xyuas hnyav rau ib hnub, tom qab ntawd mus raugeneral pawg ntseeg. Cov kav dej hauv qhov txhab raug tshem tawm hnub 2.

Contraindications rau lithotripsy:

  • pob zeb loj dua 2 cm inch;
  • nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob siab, lithotripsy tsis ua tiav;
  • 3rd peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub;
  • raug mob rau tus txha nraub qaum uas yuav tiv thaiv tus neeg mob kom tsis txhob ua txoj haujlwm raug thaum phais;
  • rog - hnyav tshaj 130 kg;
  • siab dhau lossis luv dhau - tshaj 2m lossis qis dua 1;
  • txoov ntshav txhaws.

Kev nce qib ntawm lithotripsy operation

Siv siv tshuaj loog rau nws. Niaj hnub no lawv tau txwv rau cov tshuaj loog epidural los ntawm lumbar qaum qaum. Qhov kev txiav txim pib hauv 10 feeb thiab kav ntev li ib teev. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb, tus neeg mob pw ntawm nws nraub qaum lossis lub plab. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine, ob txhais ceg tau tsa thiab kho. Tom qab tshuaj loog, ib tug catheter nrog ib tug sib piv tus neeg sawv cev yog muab tso rau hauv lub ureter. Tsis mob. Yog tias lub pob zeb loj dua 1 cm, ua rau lub raum pelvis thiab nthuav cov kwj dej mus rau txoj kab uas xav tau los ntxig lub raj nrog cov cuab yeej tshem tawm cov khoom tawg.

Thaum tso catheter, saline txhaj rau nws. Nws pab txhawb cov chav kawm ntawm ultrasonic yoj. Los ntawm ultrasound, tus neeg mob xav tias mos, tsis mob shocks.

Tom qab 2 hnub, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev tswj hwm lub raum. Yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem, tus neeg mob raug tso tawm tsev.

Laser lithotripsy

Laser crushing ntawm pob zeb yog txoj kev niaj hnub thiab nyab xeeb tshaj plaws. Nws txawm tig pob zeb loj sai sai ua hmoov av. Cov txheej txheem yog tsis mob kiag li. Kev phais kom tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb nrog lub laserlwm txoj rau kev phais plab. Qhov tsis zoo xwb yog tus nqi siab. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, tsuas yog 1 zaug xwb txaus los rhuav tshem pob zeb ntawm txhua qhov loj.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Tom qab lub raum pob zeb phais, ib txwm muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem:

  1. Relapses - lawv ua tau vim lub pob zeb raug tshem tawm, tsis yog ua rau tus kab mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub qhov ua rau ntawm cov pob zeb.
  2. Kev rov qab tsis raug - cov tsos mob muab cov seem ntawm cov pob zeb uas tsis tau tshem tawm tag nrho. Niaj hnub no, qhov teeb meem no tsis tshua muaj.
  3. Kab mob - qhov ua tau ntawm nws ib txwm muaj. Kev kho kab mob tua kab mob tau sau tseg.
  4. Tus mob pyelonephritis yog ib qho mob ntawm lub raum pelvis. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho tom qab cov ntaub so ntswg khaus nrog pob zeb thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm infiltration hauv qhov chaw no.
  5. Bleeding - ntau zaus nrog kev ua haujlwm plab.
  6. Kev mob raum tsis ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, tus neeg mob txuas nrog lub raum dag ua ntej thiab tom qab ua haujlwm.
  7. Arrhythmias thiab kub siab.
  8. Muaj peev xwm ntawm seam tsis muaj zog thaum nws tawg thiab tso zis pib tawm.
  9. Nyob ntawm lub lumen ntawm ureter.
  10. YUrinoma - urinary pseudocyst.
  11. Anuria - tsis tso zis.
  12. Cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb kuj tshwm sim ntau zaus tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob zeb vim qhov kev ntsuas tsis raug ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob.

Rehabilitation period

tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb yam tsis muaj kev phais
tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb yam tsis muaj kev phais

Tom qab kev phais lub raum kom tshem tawm pob zeb, kev tawm dag zog lub cev yuav tsum zam, tsis txhob nqalub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Anti-inflammatory, tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau noj kom txog thaum cov ntaub so ntswg zoo tag. Yuav tsum ua raws li kev haus dej haus cawv thiab kev noj haus.

Kev ua haujlwm tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb thiab kev noj zaub mov raws li kev tswj hwm dej muaj kev sib cuam tshuam zoo heev, txij li urolithiasis nyhav rov qab los nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus. Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tom qab hauv ib hlis.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Rov Qab

Qhov tseeb ntawm pob zeb tshem tawm tsis yog ib qho kev lees paub ntawm kev kho tiav. Qhov no yog vim li cas kev tiv thaiv rov qab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tus kab mob tsis ploj mus, tsuas yog theem ntawm kev kho mob hloov - kev noj haus thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub neej. Yog tias koj tsis ua kev tiv thaiv, lub pob zeb yuav tshwm sim dua - pov thawj los ntawm kev xyaum.

Cov lus qhia tom qab tso tawm

Qhov kev pom zoo tseem ceeb tom qab kev phais kom tshem tawm lub raum pob zeb yog kev qhia txog kev haus dej kom zoo dua qub. Dej yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws purifier, nws ntxuav thiab yaug tag nrho cov zis los ntawm kev txhaws. Periodic herbal tshuaj kuj xav tau, uas zoo kawg nkaus tiv thaiv cov teeb meem tom qab phais thiab dhau los ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov pob zeb tshiab. Kev kuaj zis tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Kev noj zaub mov tom qab lub raum phais kom tshem tawm pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob ib leeg rau txhua tus neeg mob, suav nrog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pob zeb uas twb muaj lawm. Piv txwv li, nrog cov pob zeb oxalate, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov khoom noj uas muaj oxalic acid los ntawm kev noj zaub mov - offal, sorrel, spinach, ntsim cheese, broths, jelly, rhubarb, txiv lws suav, celery, thiab lwm yam.

Pom zoo: