Cov qog thyroid me me: ua rau, kho thiab qhov tshwm sim

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov qog thyroid me me: ua rau, kho thiab qhov tshwm sim
Cov qog thyroid me me: ua rau, kho thiab qhov tshwm sim

Video: Cov qog thyroid me me: ua rau, kho thiab qhov tshwm sim

Video: Cov qog thyroid me me: ua rau, kho thiab qhov tshwm sim
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Ib lub qog me me ib txwm qhia txog kab mob endocrine. Hauv tshuaj, xws li kev ua txhaum cai yog hu ua lub cev hypoplasia. Nws muaj ntau dua rau cov poj niam dua li cov txiv neej. Qhov me me ntawm cov qog ib txwm ua rau txo qis hauv cov tshuaj hormones. Xws li kev sib txawv yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd, txwv tsis pub cov kab mob endocrine yuav mob ntev. Cov thyroid caj pas yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrog cev, cov kab mob ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov metabolism yog nyob ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub cev tag nrho.

qog qog loj li qub

Qhov loj me ntawm cov thyroid caj pas hauv cov poj niam nyob ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav. Qhov ntau tus neeg mob hnyav, qhov loj dua qhov tso cai qhov ntev ntawm lub cev. Qhov loj ntawm lub qog yog ntsuas hauv cubic centimeters. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm ultrasound.

Cov qauv ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov thyroid caj pas hauv cov poj niam nyob ntawm qhov hnyav yog qhia hauv lub rooj:

Tus neeg mob hnyav (kg) rau 55 to 65 mus txog 75 to 85 to 95 nce txog 105 thiab siab dua
Vim lub caj pas (hauv cm3) 15, 5 19 22 25 28, 5 32

Cov no yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev. Thaum kuaj, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tus neeg mob qhov hnyav.

Tyroid ntim hauv cov poj niam feem ntau tsawg dua li 2 cm3 dua li cov txiv neej ntawm tib lub cev hnyav.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov loj ntawm lub cev tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov hnyav, tab sis nyob rau hnub nyoog. Tus menyuam loj dua, nws lub caj pas loj dua. Cov thyroid loj npaum li cas rau cov menyuam yaus muaj nyob hauv cov lus:

hnub nyoog 6 xyoo 8 xyoo 10 xyoo 11 xyoos 12 xyoos 13 xyoos 14 xyoo 15 xyoos
Organ ntim (in cm3) 5 7 9 10 12 14 15 16

Nrog ultrasound, nws tseem ceeb heev kom txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis lobes ntawm caj pas. Qhov loj me ntawm cov thyroid caj pas hauv cov poj niam yog:

  • left lobe: 4x2x2 cm;
  • right share: 4x2x2 cm.

Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, kev saib xyuas kuj tau them rau cov qauv thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev. Kev kuaj mob ntawm hypoplasia lossis atrophy yog tsim yog tias qhov loj ntawm lub qog qis dua hnub nyoog lossis qhov hnyav.

Kev kuaj ultrasound ntawm cov thyroid caj pas
Kev kuaj ultrasound ntawm cov thyroid caj pas

Ua rau hypoplasia

Vim li casUltrasound kuaj pom qhov txo qis thyroid caj pas? Yuav muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau lub cev hypoplasia. Hauv cov neeg laus, cov thyroid caj pas yuav txo qis vim yog cov hauv qab no:

  1. Cov kab mob pituitary. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus caj pas ntawm tib neeg lub cev, uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lwm cov kabmob endocrine. Yog hais tias lub caj pas pituitary tsim cov thyroid-stimulating hormone ntau dhau, ces cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, thiab nws txo qhov loj me.
  2. Autoimmune thyroiditis. Qhov no yog ib tug mob inflammatory pathology cuam tshuam nrog kev txhoj puab heev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub hlwb ntawm lub caj pas. Vim li ntawd, lub cev yuav txo qis.
  3. Tsis muaj iodine hauv kev noj haus. Cov khoom no yog tsim nyog rau cov thyroid caj pas. Nrog nws qhov tsis txaus, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev raug cuam tshuam.
  4. Kev hloov pauv txog hnub nyoog. Hauv cov neeg laus, qhov loj ntawm lub cev yuav me dua vim muaj kev hloov hauv cov hlwb.
  5. Noj tshuaj hormonal. Qee cov tshuaj txo cov thyroid ua haujlwm, ua rau lub cev poob qis.
  6. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob. Ionizing hluav taws xob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub caj pas thiab ua rau mob hauv lub cev.

Nws tau raug tsim los hais tias cov qog thyroid me me hauv cov poj niam tau pom ntau dua li cov txiv neej. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj hormones estrogen predominate nyob rau hauv poj niam lub cev. Yog tias lawv tau tsim ntau dhau lawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau autoimmune thyroiditis.

Txo cov thyroid caj pas hauv poj niam
Txo cov thyroid caj pas hauv poj niam

Cov thyroid me me hauv cov menyuam yaus ntau zausTxhua yam cuam tshuam nrog congenital pathology. Hypoplasia ntawm lub cev yog tsim txawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov no:

  • niam txiv noj tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub;
  • phom sij ntawm co toxins thiab hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev ntawm leej niam uas xav tau;
  • tsis muaj iodine hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm tus poj niam cev xeeb tub.

Txhua yam xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau yug menyuam nrog lub cev hypoplasia. Qee zaum cov qog thyroid me me hauv tus menyuam tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv. Hauv qhov no, hypoplasia tau sau tseg hauv cov niam txiv thiab lwm cov txheeb ze ntawm tus menyuam.

Degrees ntawm pathology

Lub tswv yim ntawm "cov qog thyroid me" txhais tau 2 hom kab mob:

  • txo qhov ntim ntawm tag nrho lub cev;
  • txo qhov loj ntawm ib lub lobes ntawm caj pas.

Hauv endocrinology, muaj ntau ntau qib ntawm hypoplasia:

  • 1 degree. Nyob rau theem no, qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntim ntawm lub cev yog pom tau tsuas yog nrog ultrasound. Tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kev kho tsis tau pib, cov kab mob yuav ua tiav.
  • 2 degree. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev yog cuam tshuam. Muaj cov cim qhia ntawm thyroid hormone deficiency.
  • 3 degree. Hauv cov mob hnyav heev, tus neeg mob muaj teeb meem loj. Edema tau sau tseg hauv cov neeg laus, thiab kev puas hlwb hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Symptomatics

Kev txo qis hauv cov thyroid caj pas ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv cov tshuaj hormones. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm thyroid pathologycov qog uas muaj rau txhua pawg neeg mob:

  1. Ib tug neeg xav tias tsis muaj zog, nkees sai, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tsis zoo.
  2. Tus neeg mob lub cim xeeb tsis zoo thiab muaj teeb meem kev xav.
  3. Lub cev kub poob.
  4. Tus neeg mob pib nce lub cev hnyav.
  5. Ntev plab hnyuv thiab nce roj ntau ntxiv.
  6. Tus neeg mob nqhis dej heev, o tshwm rau ntawm lub ntsej muag.
  7. Ob tus poj niam thiab txiv neej muaj qhov txo qis hauv libido.

Tus mob no hu ua hypothyroidism los ntawm endocrinologists. Nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov thyroid hormones.

Kev qaug zog yog ib qho cim ntawm hypothyroidism
Kev qaug zog yog ib qho cim ntawm hypothyroidism

Ntse ntawm pathology nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog

Ntxiv rau cov tsos mob saum toj no, hypothyroidism muaj qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv cov neeg mob sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog.

Hauv cov poj niam, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov thyroid pathology nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog uas tshwm sim hypoplasia. Yog tias tus neeg mob tau mob tus kab mob no txij li thaum yau, ces cov tsos mob hauv qab no yog ib yam:

  • small stature;
  • dhau qhov nyias nyias ntawm ceg ceg nrog lub taub hau loj;
  • plab o;
  • suab nrov;
  • kev txhim kho ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib deev theem nrab;
  • kev muaj menyuam;
  • kev sib koom tsis zoo.

Yog tias hypoplasia tshwm sim hauv tus neeg mob hauv cov neeg laus, tom qab ntawd cov tsos mob hauv qab no raug sau tseg:

  • tso rog hauv plab;
  • tsis zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau thiabrau tes;
  • o ntawm daim di ncauj thiab qhov muag;
  • tawv nqaij xim;
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;

  • txo qis ntshav siab;
  • qib qis hemoglobin.

Tsis yog ib tug poj niam koom nrog cov tsos mob xws li thyroid kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj kev qaug zog tsis tu ncua, hnyav nce thiab o, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist.

Yog tias cov qog qog me me tau sau tseg hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum ceeb toom rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • stunting;
  • poob phaus tsis tsim nyog;
  • lethargy thiab qaug zog;
  • cem quav tas li;
  • suab nrov;
  • Kuv tsis paub qab hau, nkees;
  • yellowish skin color.

Yog tias muaj daim duab kho mob no tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tau hu rau tus kws kho mob endocrinologist sai sai thiab mus kuaj mob. Kev kho mob raws sij hawm yuav pab txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam.

Kev kuaj tus menyuam los ntawm tus kws endocrinologist
Kev kuaj tus menyuam los ntawm tus kws endocrinologist

Kev nyuaj siab

Tsis kho, hypoplastic thyroid ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai. Tus kab mob no nkag mus rau theem peb, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev mob hnyav.

Hauv cov neeg laus, qhov teeb meem ntawm hypothyroidism yog myxedema. Hauv cov kab mob no, txhua lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov thyroid hormones. Muaj mob hnyav thoob plaws hauv lub cev, rog rog, qaug zog hnyav. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, tus kab mob ua rau myxedema coma, uas feem ntau tshwm simkawg tuag.

Hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov thyroid shrinkage thiab hypothyroidism tuaj yeem ua rau cretinism. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws loj, luv stature thiab edema. Nrog congenital cretinism, kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej. Yog tias kev kho mob qeeb, kev puas hlwb yuav nyob mus ib txhis.

Diagnosis

Koj tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas hypoplasia nrog kev kuaj ultrasound. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov loj ntawm lub cev, nrog rau cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov thyroid caj pas. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no tau sau tseg:

  • kuaj ntshav rau pituitary thiab thyroid hormones;
  • kuaj rau thyroglobulin thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv;
  • kuaj ntshav biochemical rau carbohydrate metabolism;
  • MRI ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.

Kev kuaj ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas tus kabmob thaum ntxov. Nrog hypoplasia ntawm thawj qib hauv ib tus neeg, kev sib txuas ntawm cov thyroid hormones yuav tsis raug cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab pituitary secretion ntawm TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) qhia tias muaj cov kab mob.

Ntshav kuaj rau cov tshuaj hormones
Ntshav kuaj rau cov tshuaj hormones

Kev kho mob

Yog tias tus neeg mob cov hlau txo qis me ntsis thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormonal, ces tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom saib xyuas dynamic. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob endocrinologist tsis tu ncua thiab kuaj ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones. Tus neeg mob kuj tau txais kev noj zaub mov ntau hauv iodine. Cov zaub mov hauv qab no raug pom zoo:

  • seaweed;
  • squid;
  • fish;
  • tais qe hmoov thiab hmoov hmoov.
Squids yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv iodine
Squids yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv iodine

tshuaj hormonal raug sau rau txo qis hauv cov thyroid ua haujlwm:

  • "L-thyroxine".
  • Y "Triiodothyronine".

  • "Eutiroks".
  • "Thyroidin".
  • "Tyrotom".

Cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas yog xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob tus kheej, nyob ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov tshuaj hormones.

Cov tshuaj "L-thyroxine"
Cov tshuaj "L-thyroxine"

Yog tias kuaj pom cov qog hypoplasia hauv tus menyuam mos, ces kev kho tshuaj hormone yuav tsum tau pib ntxov li sai tau. Txwv tsis pub, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Congenital organ shrinkage feem ntau yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj tas mus li.

Rau cov neeg laus, kev kho mob tsuas yog tom qab tshawb pom qhov ua rau txo qis ntawm cov qog. Yog hais tias hypoplasia yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam pathologies (cov kab mob ntawm lub caj pas pituitary, autoimmune thyroiditis), ces nws yog tsim nyog los kho cov kab mob hauv qab.

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav hypoplasia? Yog hais tias peb tham txog congenital pathology, txhua tus poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus menyuam hauv plab. Thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine yuav tsum tau noj.

Cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua los ntawm tus kws kho mob endocrinologist, ua ultrasound ntawm lub caj pas thiab kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj hormones. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau kho cov kab mob endocrine hauv lub sijhawm, xws li autoimmunethyroiditis thiab pituitary kab mob.

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