Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav nkag siab tias lus xaiv yog dab tsi.
Lub cev ntawm kev hnov lus yog lub siab nyiam tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb "qhov rais" ntawm tus neeg rau lub ntiaj teb, qee zaum tseem ceeb tshaj qhov pom. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob hauv pob ntseg lossis hnov lus tsis pom yog qhov kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "lub cev ntawm qhov hnov lus"
Nws nkag siab tias yog ib lub cev sib koom ua ke, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab ceeb toom los ntawm tus neeg, thiab yog li ntawd, kev taw qhia hauv ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Rau nws txoj haujlwm zoo, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Ua li no, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kom paub txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hnov lus kom ntxaws ntxiv. Pob ntseg muaj ib tug heev complex qauv. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb hais tias lub rooj sib hais ncaj qha rau lub peev xwm hais lus.
xov yog dab tsi, coob leej tsis nkag siab.
Structure of hnov organs
Lub pob ntseg tib neeg tuaj yeem pom lub suab tsis pub dhau 16-20,000 oscillations ntawm lub suab nthwv dej ib ob. Nws lub hnub nyoog nta qhia cov hauv qab no: tus naj npawb ntawm perceived vibrations nrogtxo qis nrog hnub nyoog. Cov neeg laus tuaj yeem pom qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 15,000 vibrations hauv ib ob.
Lub cev hnov lus yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab muab faib ua peb ntu uas ua haujlwm thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog:
- pob ntseg;
- middle ear;
- pob ntseg.
Txhua chav haujlwm ntawm lub cev hnov lus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm.
pob ntseg
Thawj ntu suav nrog cov kwj dej auditory (los yog pob ntseg kwj dej) thiab auricle. Vim qhov tseeb tias lub plhaub ntawm pob ntseg muaj cov duab ntawm lub plhaub, nws ntes cov suab nthwv dej raws li qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Lub suab ntawd txav mus rau hauv lub auditory kwj dej. Lub pob ntseg nyob nruab nrab ntawm pob ntseg thiab sab nraud. Nws muaj peev xwm vibrate, vim hais tias nws kis tag nrho cov suab vibrations mus rau nruab nrab pob ntseg. Lub auricle nws tus kheej yog cov ntaub so ntswg cartilaginous npog nrog daim tawv nqaij.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pob ntseg sab nrauv yog los tiv thaiv. Cov hlwb hauv pob ntseg tuaj yeem tsim cov quav ciab uas tiv thaiv ob lub pob ntseg sab hauv thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov kab mob thiab plua plav.
Txoj kev ntawm pob ntseg sab nrauv
Lub pob ntseg sab nrauv kuj muaj lwm yam haujlwm:
- ntseeg ntawm lub suab los ntawm cov lus qhia txawv;
- receiving suab nthwv dej;
- kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig;
- tuav qhov kub thiab av noo xav tau.
Nws yog pob ntseg sab nrauv uas txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hauv lub cev. Koj yuav tsum paub tias txawv pathologies nyob rau hauv nwsprovoke cov txheej txheem inflammatory ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg thiab qee zaum sab hauv. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias mob me ntsis, koj yuav tsum maj mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnov lus hauv tib neeg lub neej yog qhov zoo, thiab qhov no yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account.
pob ntseg
Ntu thib ob ntawm tib neeg lub cev hnov lus suav nrog cov kab mob tympanic, nyob hauv thaj chaw lub tuam tsev, thiab lub raj auditory.
Lub tympanic kab noj hniav yog ntim nrog huab cua, nws qhov loj tsis ntau tshaj ib cubic centimeter. Nws suav nrog rau phab ntsa:
- medial - muaj ob lub qhov, thiab ib qho stirrup yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm lawv;
- lateral - zoo li lub dome, suav nrog lub qhov quav thiab lub taub hau malleus;
- posterior - kab noj me me uas protrudes rau cov txheej txheem mastoid;
- qaum - tsim kev sib cais ntawm cov kab noj hniav thiab pob txha taub hau;
- phab ntsa - hauv qab;
- anterior - ze nws yog cov hlab ntsha hauv carotid.
Auditory ossicles - stirrup, anvil, rauj txuas nrog cov pob qij txha nrog ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg yog cov hlab ntsha lymphatic, paj hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Sound Conduction
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm chav haujlwm no yog ua suab nrov. Cov huab cua vibrations cuam tshuam rau pob ntseg thiab auditory ossicles, tom qab ntawd cov suab tau xa mus rau hauv pob ntseg.
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, pob ntseg nruab nrab tuaj yeem:
- tiv thaiv lub cev tsis hnov lus los ntawm lub suab nrov;
- ua kom lub pob ntseg thiab hnov ossicles zoo;
- kho lub tshuab acoustic rau cov suab sib txawv.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev hnov lus yuav tham ntxiv hauv qab no.
pob ntseg
Lub tuam tsev no tseem hu ua labyrinth. Nws suav nrog cov membranous thiab pob txha labyrinths. Qhov thib ob yog cov kab me me thiab kab noj hniav txuas rau ib leeg, lawv cov phab ntsa suav nrog cov pob txha.
Nyob hauv cheeb tsam sab hauv ntawm ossified labyrinth yog lub membranous.
Cov chaw haujlwm hauv qab no yog qhov txawv ntawm pob ntseg sab hauv:
- cochlea;
- semicircular ducts (kwj dej);
- kev cia siab.
Lub vestibule yog lub qe zoo li kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm pob ntseg labyrinth. Muaj tsib qhov uas raug coj mus rau cov channel. Ua ntej yog qhov qhib loj tshaj plaws, nws ua rau lub ntsiab cochlea duct. Ib lub qhov muaj ib daim nyias nyias, lwm qhov muaj lub phaj nplawm ntawm qhov tawm.
Ntxiv mus, yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub vestibule muaj ib tug scallop uas faib cov kab noj hniav ua ob ntu. Lub indentation nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub scallop qhib rau hauv lub cochlear duct.
Snail
Qav zoo li tus kauv, nws muaj cov pob txha. Nws txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm chav haujlwm no suav nrog:
- ua suab nrov hauv ducts;
- hloov lub suab mus rau hauv impulses, uas ces nkag mus rau lub hlwb;
- kev taw qhia ntawm tus neeg hauv qhov chaw, qhov nyiaj tshuav ruaj khov.
Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug yog cov membranous labyrinth thiab ducts. Cov qauv ntawm lub cev tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb qhov chaw suab nyob qhov twg, thiab taug kev zoo hauv qhov chaw. Ua tsaug rau lub pob ntseg sab hauv, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov twg thiab qhov kev taw qhia lub suab los ntawm. Qhov sib npaug uas lub cev no yog lub luag haujlwm tso cai rau tus neeg sawv, tsis khoov lossis poob. Yog tias muaj qee yam cuam tshuam, kiv taub hau, taug kev tsis sib xws, khoov thiab tsis muaj peev xwm sawv tshwm.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm lub cev lub cev muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Txhawm rau kom lub cev no ua haujlwm ib txwm, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo thiab cov cai yooj yim. Ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob me ntsis, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Tsis txhob mloog cov suab paj nruag ntawm qhov ntim siab thiab ua kom koj lub pob ntseg huv si. Anatomy piav qhia ntau ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov hnov lus.
Meaning of binaural hearing
Qhov no yog dab tsi? Binaural hnov lus (Latin bini, uas yog, ob, thiab auricular, uas yog, pob ntseg) - suab pom los ntawm ob lub pob ntseg thiab symmetrically (sab laug thiab sab xis) qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj sib hais.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ob lub mloog pob ntseg ua rau tus neeg nkag siab lub suab spatial ntiaj teb thiab nkag siab qhov twg cov suab paj nruag txav hauv qhov chaw.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm binaural hnov lus suav nrog: thaj chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw, binaural nrov summation, cov nyhuv ua ntej, binaural neeg ntaus, binaural unmasking, suab fusion hauv suab, thiab "sab laug" thiab "txoj cai" pob ntseg cuam tshuam hauv tib neeg kev xaav suab paj nruag thiab hais lus.
Tus nqi ntawm hnub nyoog hauvkev hnov lus
Qhov pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab kaw lus tau sau tseg txawm tias ua ntej yug menyuam - txij li rau lub hlis ntawm kev loj hlob hauv plab. Tus me nyuam zoo kawg nkaus hnov tus niam lub plawv dhia thiab nws lub suab, thiab thaum lub suab nrov, suab paj nruag, suab ntawm cov neeg hlub thiab lub suab nrov ntawm ib puag ncig.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam qhov kev hnov lus txij thaum yug los yog qhib los ntawm lub suab ntawm ib puag ncig. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho ntawm cov me nyuam yaus, ib tug neeg nco txog lub suab, kawm sib txuas nrog ib yam khoom uas ua suab, masters lub suab phau ntawv txhais lus.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hnov lus rau tus menyuam yog dab tsi?
Ib tug me nyuam kaum ob teev tom qab yug me nyuam tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm tib neeg hais lus los ntawm lwm lub suab, ua rau nws tsis tshua pom kev txav. Me nyuam mos muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm tus neeg thiab lub suab ntawm leej niam.
Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub tau ua pov thawj tias cov menyuam mos tuaj yeem qhia qhov txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej hom lus thiab hom lus txawv teb chaws.
Cov menyuam yaus txij thaum yug txog rau ib xyoos muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab thiab qhov ntim ntawm lub suab. Tus menyuam feem ntau hnov mob rau lub suab nrov li no:
- blinking thiab eye widening;
- kev xav ntawm qhov hnov, uas yog, ib feem lossis ua tiav inhibition ntawm kev txav (nqus thaum tus menyuam noj, thiab dav);
- shudder lub cev tag nrho (yog tus menyuam hnov lub suab nrov thiab ntse).
Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus menyuam hnov txog thaum nws tsaug zog. Thaum lub suab nrov nce, nws pib txav los yog sawv.
Yog tus menyuam yug tshiab muaj qhov qubhnov, nws hnov tsuas yog cov suab uas tawm ntawm qhov deb ntawm nws (tsis ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab meters).
Thaum ob lossis peb lub hlis, nws hnov mob los ntawm kev ua kom qeeb lossis ua kom nrawm nrawm (thaum noj mov thaum lub sijhawm ntawd), qhib qhov dav lossis tig nws ob lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg laus uas paub zoo. Qhov deb tshaj plaws uas tus menyuam muaj peev xwm teb tau lub suab yog ob mus rau peb meters.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob lub hlis, kev kho kom rov zoo li qub: tus menyuam yaus txav nws ob txhais ceg thiab caj npab, luag ntxhi thaum lawv tham nrog nws nrog kev hlub.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb hlis mus rau rau lub hlis, tus menyuam tuaj yeem teeb tsa qhov chaw ntawm lub suab mus rau sab laug lossis sab xis ntawm nws. Nws txav nws ob lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv teb rau lub suab, tig nws lub taub hau mus rau qhov khoom uas ua rau nws. Qhov no yog lus xaiv.
Tsis txhob ntshai yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd - qee zaum cov menyuam mos hnov suab tom qab ob peb feeb xwb. Qhov kev ncua deb tshaj plaws uas cov menyuam muaj peev xwm hnov ntawm lub hnub nyoog no yog peb mus rau plaub meters. Hauv cov menyuam yaus lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj hnub nyoog, thiab hauv cov menyuam mos uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws psychomotor, tom qab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los nrhiav lub suab nrov yuav raug pom.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog no muaj qhov tsis zoo rau tam sim, lub suab hnyav.
Ib tug me nyuam hnub nyoog 6 hli mus rau ib xyoos hnov mob rau lub suab uas los tom qab, sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm nws. Thaum xub thawj, qhov deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnov suab ntawm lub hnub nyoog no yog plaub meters, thiab hauv ib xyoos nws yog rau meters.
Cov me nyuam hnub nyoog ntxov thiab preschool
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus thaum ntxov thiab preschool lub hnub nyoog, kev tsim ntawm auditory xaav tso cai rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov tswv yim hais txog lub suab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, raws li zoo raws li kev taw qhia rau suab raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm phenomena thiab Cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj tsis muaj sia thiab muaj sia nyob.
Vim yog qhov paub zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab, kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev xaav tau tsim, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev txawj ntse ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Lus xaiv muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev nkag siab hais lus. Kev nkag siab ntawm kev mloog feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm tib neeg.
Ua txhaum cai
Qhov ua rau tsis hnov lus yuav piav qhia hauv qab no.
Kev hnov mob tau muab cais ua tiav (los yog lag ntseg) thiab ib nrab (lossis hnov lus tsis hnov lus), qhia txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub peev xwm los tshawb pom, paub thiab nkag siab lub suab. Ntawm lwm yam, lag ntseg yuav kis tau los yog congenital.
- Thawj qhov ua rau tsis hnov lus yog qhov ua rau lub suab nrov mus ntev. Yog tias tib neeg nyob ze ntawm tshav dav hlau, chaw tsim khoom lossis txoj kev loj, lawv raug hluav taws xob txhua hnub, nws qhov kev siv zog nce mus txog 75 dB. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg feem ntau nyob nraum zoov los yog nyob rau hauv tsev nrog jaar windows, nws yuav maj mam deterioration thiab tsis hnov lus. Nws yog txwv tsis pub mloog cov players ntawm qhov ntim siab tshaj plaws thiab ntev.
- Hereditary hearing impairment - suav nrog kev yug me nyuam los yog lag ntseg. Yuav ua li cas lwm yam ua rau tsis hnov lustshwm sim?
- Kev siv qee yam tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo, suav nrog lag ntseg.
- hnov tsis hnov qab los ntawm inflammatory pathologies ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg. Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob inflammatory, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, suab conduction los ntawm cov khoom ntawm nruab nrab pob ntseg mus rau cochlea yog cuam tshuam.
- Lwm qhov laj thawj rau kev hnov lus tsis zoo yog vascular pathology. Nws qhov txo qis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob vascular xws li kub siab, atherosclerosis, ntshav qab zib mellitus, thiab dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob no.
- tsis hnov lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev raug mob. Kev raug mob uas ua rau tsis hnov lus tuaj yeem ua rau pob ntseg nws tus kheej thiab qhov chaw hauv lub hlwb uas ua cov ntaub ntawv suab.
Peb tau hais dab tsi yog lus xaiv.
