Sciatica (neuralgia, lumbar sciatica) yog ib qho mob mob kis mus rau tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov hlab ntsha sciatic. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws cov tsos yog compression ntawm cov paj hlwb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lumbosacral qaum. Sciatica feem ntau overtakes cov neeg mob tom qab 30-35 xyoo. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev thaiv ceev ntawm qhov mob hnyav, tsuas yog tom qab cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem mus rau qhov kev kuaj mob thiab sau tshuaj, kho lub cev thiab lwm txoj hauv kev.
Yog vim li cas
Cov hlab ntsha sciatic pib hauv thaj av sacro-lumbar thiab nqis los raws txoj kab ncej puab mus rau hauv caug, qhov uas nws faib ua ob ceg - ib tug mus rau sab ceg, thiab thib ob mus rau ko taw. Tus neeg mob ntsib qhov mob sciatica vim tias cov hlab ntsha teb rau qhov khaus uas tshwm sim hauv tus txha nraub qaum. Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj feem xyuam rau pathologies ntawm intervertebral discs los yog lesions ntawm paj hlwb nws tus kheej.
Ua rau tus kab mob:
- Intervertebral hernia. Thaum tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau lub cev gelatinous, tshwm simprotrusion ntawm hernia, clamping cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hlab ntsha sciatic. Intervertebral hernias tshwm sim hauv 50% ntawm cov neeg mob, feem ntau ntawm hernias yog qhov ua rau neuralgia.
- Cov kab mob kis mob hnyav uas cov hlab ntsha sciatic tau kis cov co toxins uas zais los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic (tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria, influenza, syphilis, thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tom qab lub blockade ntawm qhov mob, kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm o ntawm lub paj hlwb yog muab.
- Hypothermia. Qee zaum taug kev hauv cov khau ntub dej lossis zaum ntawm qhov chaw txias txaus kom tau txais sciatic neuralgia.
- Osteophytes. Cov pob txha loj hlob uas tshwm sim los ntawm degenerative pathologies ntawm tus txha nraub qaum (osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, spondylosis).
- Kev qaug cawv nrog cov khoom lwj thaum muaj tshuaj lom nrog cov hlau lead, mercury, arsenic thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Endogenous intoxication nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus, cawv, gout, thiab lwm yam.
- Neoplasms ntawm ib qho etiology (osteoma, osteosarcoma, osteoblastoma, thiab lwm yam).
- Metastases ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas tau loj hlob mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha intervertebral thiab qaum qaum.
- Tumours of the spinal cord and tissues of the spinal column.
- Spondylolisthesis - kev hloov pauv ntawm lub vertebra txheeb ze rau lub ntsiab axis rau sab lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov discs nyob sib ze.
Symptoms
Qhov kev tsis txaus siab tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no yog mob hauv qab thiab ceg, qhov no yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb uas paub qhov txawv ntawm sciatica. Kev kho mob yog sau tseg tom qab kuaj mob thiab tshawb pom qhov ua rau ntawm tus mob syndrome. Thaum sib tham, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov mob. Nws tau piav raws li hauv qab no:
- Cim - ntse, ntse, txiav, tua, thiab lwm yam. Cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "dagger mob".
- Prevalence - nyob rau thaj tsam twg uas pom tau zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov twg muaj qhov seem ntawm qhov hnov tsw (lub pob tw, nraub qaum, sab nraub qaum lossis pem hauv ntej ntawm tus ncej puab, txuas mus rau hauv caug lossis mus rau ko taw). Hauv cheeb tsam lumbosacral, qhov mob tsis yog ib txwm qhia.
- Lub sijhawm - nrog neuralgia ntawm cov hlab ntsha sciatic, qhov mob tsis tu ncua, ntev. Muaj tsawg zaus, nws tshwm sim hauv kev tawm tsam, ua kom hnyav thiab tsis muaj zog, tab sis nws ib txwm muaj.
- Kev siv zog sib txawv ntawm qhov mob mus rau mob me. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav, tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem ua txoj haujlwm ntsug. Kev dag yuav txo tau qhov mob, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev txom nyem ntau.
- Symmetry - sciatica mob kis ntawm ib sab uas cuam tshuam. Muaj tsawg zaus, nws pom ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cev.
Neurological ntshawv siab
Thaum lub sijhawm mob hnyav, tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem mloog zoo rau txhua qhov kev soj ntsuam, tsom mus rau kev kov yeej tus mob mob uas feem ntau pom tseeb ntawm sciatica. Cov tsos mob, hauv kev pom ntawm tus kws kho mob, muaj lwm yam tshwm sim:
- Kev ua txhaum ntawm qhov rhiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm sab ceg, ko taw.
- Txoj haujlwm lub cev tsis zoo - tus neeg mob sim ua txoj haujlwm uas qhov mob yuav pom tsawg kawg nkaus. Lub suab ntawm cov leeg ntawm sab nraub qaum thiab ob txhais ceg hloov.
- Hloov pauv hauv kev mus - kev ua txhaum cai tshwm sim hauvkhoov lub hauv caug, ko taw, kev txav ntawm pawg tom qab ntawm cov leeg femoral thiab pob taws hloov.
- Atrophy yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qee cov leeg nqaij.
- Impaired reflexes.
- Cov kab mob autonomic (hws tawm hws, palpitations, thiab lwm yam).
- Osteoporosis - tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav heev ntawm pathology. Cov pob txha ntawm ko taw raug rhuav tshem, cov pob txha ntawm sab ceg thiab ncej puab raug kev txom nyem.
- Hloov cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij - hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam, epidermis hloov daj lossis liab.
- Thinning, dry skin.
- Fragility, thinning ntawm tus ntsia thawv daim hlau ntawm ob txhais ceg.
- Nyob ua pa.
Diagnosis
Mob Syndrome, ib zaug nws tshwm sim, qhia txog kab mob thoob ntiaj teb, qhov twg sciatica suav tias yog cov tsos mob. Kev kho mob yog ua raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha sciatic.
Kev Tshawb Fawb:
- X-ray - kuaj xyuas cov kab mob ntawm cov pob txha uas ua rau cov hlab ntsha tawg.
- Computed tomography (CT). Tshawb pom cov kev hloov pauv hauv kab txha caj qaum, muab cov duab tseeb dua ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hauv cov hlais lossis hauv cov qauv peb sab.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pom kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg kom meej meej dua CT, tso cai rau koj pom qhov ua rau lumbar sciatica cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus txha caj qaum thiab nws daim nyias nyias.
- Electroneuromyography ntsuas cov paj hlwb hauv cov teeb meem uas ua rau poobrhiab heev thiab txav tsis taus.
Tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv kho mob, tau txais tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim duab ntawm tus kab mob, suav nrog qhov ua rau ua rau mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thiab cov teeb meem ntawm sciatica. Cov kev kho mob yog siv raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug kev pab cuam, qhov twg lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm cov pathology thiab normalizing cov hauj lwm ntawm lub paj hlwb sciatic.
Txoj Kev Kho Mob
Feem ntau, tus neeg mob ntsib qhov mob hnyav, txoj haujlwm ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev kho mob yog txhawm rau txo qhov mob uas nrog sciatica. Kev kho tus kab mob muaj ntau cov lus qhia:
- siv tshuaj kho mob.
- kev kho mob lub cev.
- Acupuncture.
- kev tawm dag zog kho mob, osteopathy.
- Siv cov tshuaj ib txwm siv.
- Cov kev tshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig (pyelotherapy, hirudotherapy, thiab lwm yam).
Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau sciatic neuralgia. Tom qab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob lossis cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob, cov txheej txheem ntsuas tau raug sau tseg kom kov yeej sciatica. Kev kho mob yog lub sij hawm ntev thiab suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob rov qab los.
Tshuaj ntsuab, soothe, restore
Thaum thawj theem, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ua cov tshuaj tsim los txo qhov mob, uas yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm sciatica. Kev kho mob suav nrog kev siv tshuaj sab nraud, intramuscular thiab qhov ncauj.
Yuav txo qhov mob, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev kho mob rau sciatica suav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj tsis-steroid altshuaj. Cov no yog cov txhais tau tias:
- Analgin. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau sciatica. Muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, txhaj tshuaj rau intramuscular lossis intravenous tswj rau hauv lub cev ib puag ncig.
- tshuaj sib xyaw. Pentalgin, Baralgin, Andipal, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hnyav - novocaine thaiv rau sciatica. Cov txheej txheem yog ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij uas paub txog qhov chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsha xaus nyob rau hauv thaj tsam lumbar.
Tshuaj kho qhov mob, mob thiab o:
- "Diclofenac", "Voltaren", "Rapid", thiab lwm yam. Cov nyiaj ntau yog dav, cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev. Kev txhaj tshuaj rau sciatica tau zoo dua thiab sai sai txo cov tsos mob thiab muaj kev kho mob. Daim ntawv thov sab nraud muab kev pab ntev, tshem tawm cov tsos mob sab nraud ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
- "Meloxicam" - yog tshuaj rau qhov mob hnyav heev. Sai sai thiab zoo relieves o, soothes. Daim ntawv tso tawm - ntsiav tshuaj.
Cov hlab ntsha tawg yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog tshuaj loog, txo qhov mob, tab sis kuj rov qab ua haujlwm zoo. Rau cov laj thawj no, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau sau cov vitamin complexes qhia rau kev kho mob sciatica. Kev kho mob suav nrog kev noj cov vitamins B hauv kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov ntau npaum li cas yog xaiv tus kheej.
Ntxiv rau cov dej num no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj cuam tshuam. Lawv qhov kev txiav txim irritates daim tawv nqaij, dulling qhov kev xav ntawm qhov mob. Ib qho cuab yeej ntxiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab pawg no yog tias tom qab lawv cov kev taw qhia rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, lawv tso cov khoom siv roj ntshatshuaj thiab endorphins. Cov tshuaj no muaj xws li tshuaj pleev rau sciatica raws li capsicum, turpentine, muv los yog nab venom.
massage
Cov neeg mob feem ntau txaus siab rau lo lus nug: "Nws puas tuaj yeem ua zaws nrog sciatica?" Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias hom txheej txheem no tau qhia nyob rau txhua theem ntawm pathology. Rau kev ua tiav ntawm hom kev kho no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li qee txoj cai, uas yog:
- Nyob rau theem mob, stroking, rub txav txav yog siv.
- Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm qhov mob attenuation, kev cuam tshuam ntau dua yog qhia - taw tes, kneading, reflex-segmental, tuaj yeem zaws tau.
- Lumbosacral o (sciatica) tso cai rau kev tswj hwm ntawm lub lumbar, gluteal thaj chaw, zaws ntawm sab ceg, ncej puab, ko taw.
- Thaum lub sijhawm sib tham, nws tso cai - txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig - siv cov roj tseem ceeb uas ua rau kom muaj kev so ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib tham tsis pub dhau 35 feeb, tag nrho cov txheej txheem hauv chav kawm yog 10.
Physiotherapy
Cov txheej txheem kho lub cev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob. Kev kho mob ntawm sciatica yog ua los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Electrophoresis, UHF.
- YLaser kho, magnetotherapy.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txheej txheem yog txhawm rau txo qhov mob thiab mob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha sciatic. Hom physiotherapy tus neeg mob xav tau dab tsi yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Txhua yam dej num raug ua thaum lub sij hawm tso cai. Cov theem mob hnyav ntawm tus kab mob, nrog kev kho kom raug, dhau mus tom qab 7 hnub, tom qab ntawd cov kev ntsuas tau raug sau tseg kom tshem tawm qhov mob.
Lub cev ua haujlwm
Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau tus txha nraub qaum, txhim kho cov hlab ntsha puas thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, ua kom cov ntshav ntws rov qab yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho lub cev. Kev tawm dag zog rau sciatica tau ua hauv ntau txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, tus cwj pwm sparing rau sab nraum qab yog pom zoo, yog li feem ntau ntawm cov thawj gymnastic complexes yog tsim los ua nyob rau hauv ib tug supine txoj hauj lwm. Tom qab ntxiv dag zog rau cov nqaij ntshiv hauv cheeb tsam lumbar, cov complex yuav nyuaj.
Cov neeg mob tau qhia kom muaj ntau qhov kev tawm dag zog raws li kev qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua qhov no rau thawj theem. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem ua tau hauv tsev, ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus - qhov tsis tu ncua thiab maj mam nce hauv load. Lub complex feem ntau suav nrog xws li kev tawm dag zog:
- Ib nrab choj - pw ntawm koj sab nraub qaum, khoov koj ob txhais ceg thiab rub koj lub pob taws los ze rau koj lub pob tw, nqa koj lub plab thiab tuav txoj hauj lwm rau 5-7 vib nas this (ntev exhalation), ua tib zoo txo koj tus kheej mus rau qhov chaw pib. Qhov kev tawm dag zog yog ua nyob rau hauv lub suab ntsiag to txog li 10 teev.
- Zaum saum pem teb nrog ob txhais ceg ncab rau pem hauv ntej. Tsis txhob hnia koj nraub qaum, sim ncav cuag koj cov ntiv taw nrog koj txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog nyob rau sab nraub qaum, vim tias cov leeg thiab ligaments tau ncab, lub plab, thiab tom qab ntawd lub hauv siab yuav tsum pw ntsiag to ntawm ob txhais ceg. Kev tawm dag zog yog ua tsis tau jerking, maj mam ncab tag nrho sab nraub qaumlub cev.
- sawv kev tawm dag zog. Teem koj ob txhais taw xub pwg dav sib nrug, nthuav koj txhais tes mus rau ob sab thiab maj mam khoov rau sab xis thiab sab laug. Thaum ua tiav, xyuas kom meej tias lub dav hlau inclination tsis mus rau pem hauv ntej lossis rov qab. Kev tawm dag zog yog ua tiav nrog kev saib xyuas, maj mam ncab ob sab ntawm lub cev.
Txhua yam kev tawm dag zog rau sciatica tau ua nrog ceev faj heev thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Cov ntsiab lus yoga tau nkag mus rau hauv cov complex raws li cov leeg corset ntxiv dag zog thiab o tuaj.
Txoj kev ua neeg
Sciatica (hauv ICD-10 tus kab mob tau muab rau tus lej M54.3) tau kho tau ntev. Tus neeg mob, thaum nyob rau theem mob hnyav, tuaj yeem nyob hauv tsev kho mob thiab hauv tsev, qhov twg muaj lub sijhawm rau kev kho mob (txhaj tshuaj, pw tsaug zog, noj tshuaj, thiab lwm yam). Kev saib xyuas kev kho mob yuav tsum tsim nyog tsuas yog thaum mob hnyav heev.
Kev kho neeg pej xeem tso cai rau koj kom kov yeej sciatica. Kev kho mob hauv tsev tuaj yeem ntxiv los ntawm kev rov ua pov thawj. Piv txwv li:
- Infusion txo qhov mob. Ua ib phau ntawm tshuaj ntsuab - 1 tbsp. l. paj ntawm viburnum, calendula, thyme tshuaj ntsuab thiab 2 tbsp. l. teb horsetail. Hauv 0.5 liv dej, boil 2 tbsp. l. sau, boil rau 5 feeb, txias, lim. Noj 0.5 khob 3 zaug hauv ib hnub ua ntej noj mov.
- Tshuaj. Sib tov cov khoom xyaw rau hauv ib lub khob iav - 5 khob ntawm dub radish kua txiv, 1 khob ntawm zib mu, 1 tbsp. l. ntsev, 250 ml ntawm vodka. Co zoo ua ntej siv thiab sib tov kom huv si. Sib tov rubcheeb tsam lumbosacral thiab ncej puab, txheej txheem yog nqa tawm 2 zaug ib hnub twg.
- Compress. Siv grated dub radish rau qhov chaw mob. Lub compress yog thov nrog ib daim ntaub thiab tsau nrog ib tug sov so bandage. Duration - 15 minutes, tus naj npawb ntawm repetitions - 2 zaug ib hnub.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Txoj kev ua neej noj qab nyob zoo thiab tsis muaj tus cwj pwm phem tsis tuaj yeem lav kev noj qab haus huv, qhov xwm txheej yuav tshwm sim uas qhov mob ntawm sciatic paj hlwb (sciatica) tshwm sim. Kev kho mob raug pom zoo kom ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo kom txog thaum rov ua tiav. Tab sis, ib zaug tshwm sim, neuralgia nyhav rov qab los. Ib qho xwm txheej ntxhov siab, kev txav tsis txaus ntseeg, hypothermia, lossis mob khaub thuas tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim rau nws qhov tsos.
Kev Tiv Thaiv pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm rov tshwm sim dua. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas suav nrog:
- qoj ib ce ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tawm dag zog. Cov neeg mob feem ntau nco ntsoov tias qee zaum kev tawm dag zog yooj yim muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev siv tshuaj. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv sij hawm taug kev, khiav ntawm qhov chaw ntsiag to, caij tsheb kauj vab, ua luam dej, thiab yoga. Thaum lub sij hawm xws li ce, myocardial kev ua ub no normalizes, ntshav nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg, sib koom ua ke nruj ploj, ligaments txhim kho elasticity.
- Production gymnastics. Yog tias thaum hnub ua haujlwm koj yuav tsum tau zaum los yog sawv ntsug, ua tib txoj haujlwm, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom so kom sov. Txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm nrog cov rooj zaum orthopediczoo, yuav khau tshwj xeeb, corsets, bandages, thiab lwm yam.
- Puag kom zoo. Ib qho chaw rau ib hmo so yuav tsum muab ib lub txaj orthopedic tawv thiab hauv ncoo. Nws raug pom zoo kom tsa lub taub hau ob txhais ceg me ntsis.
- Kev nqa qhov hnyav yog ua los ntawm tensing cov leeg ntawm caj npab, ceg, tab sis tsis yog nraub qaum. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum khoov koj lub hauv caug me ntsis, khoov nrog lub nraub qaum ncaj thiab nqa ib qho khoom hnyav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tag nrho cov nro yuav raug muab faib kom raug, thiab sab nraub qaum yuav tsis raug kev txom nyem.
