Lub siab yog lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog feem ntau muab piv rau lub cev muaj zog, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub plawv yog qhov txuas mus tas li ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm peb lub cev. Lub plawv ua haujlwm 24 teev hauv ib hnub! Tab sis nws tshwm sim tias nws tsis tiv nrog nws cov dej num vim muaj mob. Tau kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kev noj qab haus huv hauv lub plawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau rau txhua tus thiab tsis tas li.
Keeb kwm me ntsis txog qhov pom ntawm ECG
Txawm tias nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov kws kho mob pib xav txog yuav ua li cas taug qab txoj haujlwm, txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv mob. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws kho mob tau tshawb pom tias qhov tshwm sim hluav taws xob tshwm sim hauv cov leeg mob plawv, thiab pib ua thawj qhov kev soj ntsuam thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsiaj. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb lossis cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev saib xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, thiab thaum kawg lub ntiaj teb thawj electrocardiograph tau tsim. Txhua lub sijhawm no, kev tshawb fawb tsis tau nyob twj ywm, yog li, thiab hauvNyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab twb tau txhim kho tau siv, uas yog hu ua electrocardiography, nws tseem hu ua ECG luv luv. Txoj kev no ntawm kev sau npe ntawm cov hlab plawv biocurrents yuav tau tham hauv kab lus.
ECG txheej txheem
Hnub no, qhov no yog ib txoj kev tsis mob thiab pheej yig rau txhua tus. ECG tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw kho mob. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg thiab nws yuav qhia rau koj paub meej tias vim li cas cov txheej txheem no tsim nyog, yuav ua li cas coj ECG thiab qhov twg tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv koj lub nroog.
Short description
Cia saib cov kauj ruam ntawm yuav ua li cas coj ECG. Lub algorithm ntawm kev ua yog:
- Npaj tus neeg mob rau kev tswj hwm yav tom ntej. Muab nws tso rau ntawm lub rooj zaum, tus neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hais kom nws so kom tsis txhob mob. Tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom tsis tsim nyog, yog tias muaj, thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev kaw cov cardiograph. Tsis pub hnav khaub ncaws rau thaj chaw tsim nyog ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Lawv pib siv cov electrodes nruj me ntsis hauv qee qhov sib lawv liag thiab ib ntus ntawm kev siv electrodes.
- Txuas lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm raws li txhua txoj cai.
- Tom qab lub cuab yeej txuas thiab npaj mus, pib kaw.
- Tshem daim ntawv nrog lub kaw lus electrocardiogram ntawm lub plawv.
- Muab cov txiaj ntsig ECG rau tus neeg mob lossis kws kho mob kom txhais lus ntxiv.
Npaj rau ECG kaw
Ua ntej koj paub yuav ua li cas coj ECG, cia saib dab tsiyuav tsum tau ua los npaj tus neeg mob.
ECG tshuab yog nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev kho mob, nws nyob hauv ib chav cais nrog lub rooj zaum kom yooj yim rau tus neeg mob thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Chav tsev yuav tsum ci thiab xis, nrog cua kub ntawm +22 … +24 degrees Celsius. Txij li thaum nws tuaj yeem siv ECG kom raug tsuas yog tias tus neeg mob nyob twj ywm tag nrho, qhov chaw ib puag ncig tseem ceeb heev rau qhov kev tswj hwm no.
Cov ntsiab lus tau muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj zaum kho mob. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine, lub cev tau yooj yim so, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej cardiography kaw thiab rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov hauj lwm ntawm lub plawv nws tus kheej. Ua ntej siv ECG electrodes, paj rwb swab moistened nrog dej cawv kho mob yuav tsum tau kho nrog rau qhov xav tau ntawm tus neeg mob caj npab thiab txhais ceg. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov chaw no yog ua nrog cov kua ntsev los yog cov tshuaj kho mob tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau lub hom phiaj no. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm thaum lub sij hawm sau cardiograph, ua pa sib npaug, nruab nrab, tsis txhob txhawj.
Yuav ua li cas coj ECG: qhov chaw tso hluav taws xob
Koj yuav tsum paub seb yuav siv cov electrodes li cas. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua qhov kev tswj hwm no, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm ECG apparatus tau txiav txim siab 4 xim rau cov electrodes: liab, daj, ntsuab thiab dub. Lawv yog superimposed nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim thiab tsis muaj lwm txoj kev, txwv tsis pub ECG yuav tsis tsim nyog. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tsis txaus ntseeg rau lawv. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas ua haujlwm nrog ECG cov cuab yeej tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb, ua raws li kev xeem dhau thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai lossis ntawv pov thawj,cia nws ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej no. Tus neeg ua haujlwm kho mob hauv chav ECG, raws li nws cov lus qhia ua haujlwm, yuav tsum paub meej txog qhov chaw uas siv cov electrodes thiab ua raws li ntu ntu.
Yog li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau caj npab thiab txhais ceg zoo li cov clamps loj, tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, lub clamp tau muab tso rau ntawm tus ncej puab kiag li tsis mob, cov clamps no muaj xim sib txawv thiab siv rau qee qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. raws li hauv qab no:
- Red - dab teg sab xis.
- Yellow - dab teg laug.
- Green - laug ceg.
- Black - sab ceg.
Siv lub hauv siab electrodes
Thoracic electrodes nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm muaj ntau hom, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub tshuab ECG nws tus kheej. Lawv yog cov pov tseg thiab reusable. Cov khoom pov tseg yooj yim dua rau kev siv, tsis txhob tso cov kab mob tsis zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij tom qab tshem tawm. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv pov tseg, ces cov khoom siv rov qab siv tau, lawv zoo ib yam li cov hemispheres thiab zoo li lo. Cov cuab yeej no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa meej meej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog kev kho tom ntej ntawm lub sijhawm.
Ib tug kws kho mob, uas twb paub yuav ua li cas coj ECG, tau muab tso rau sab xis ntawm tus neeg mob ntawm lub rooj zaum kom raug siv cov electrodes. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, raws li tau hais tseg, ua ntej kho cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg mob lub hauv siab nrog cawv, tom qab ntawd nrog saline lossis gel kho mob. Txhua lub hauv siab electrode raug cim. Txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb yuav ua li cas coj ECG, daim duab kos duabelectrodes yog qhia hauv qab no.
Pib siv cov electrodes rau hauv siab:
- Nrhiav tus tav tav thib 4 hauv tus neeg mob ua ntej thiab muab thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tso rau hauv qab tav, uas tus lej 1 muab tso rau.
- Peb kuj muab 2nd electrode hauv qab 4 tav tav, tsuas yog sab laug xwb.
- Tom qab ntawd peb pib thov tsis yog thib 3, tab sis tam sim ntawd 4th electrode. Nws sib tshooj hauv qab 5 tus tav.
- Electrode tooj 3 yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm 2nd thiab 4th tav.
- 5th electrode muab tso rau ntawm 5th tav.
- Peb siv 6th electrode ntawm tib theem li 5th, tab sis ob peb centimeters ze rau lub rooj zaum.
Ua ntej qhib lub tshuab kaw ECG, peb rov kuaj xyuas qhov raug thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv electrodes. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem qhib electrocardiograph. Ua ntej ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa daim ntawv ceev thiab kho lwm qhov ntsuas. Thaum kaw, tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm so kom tiav! Thaum lub cuab yeej tiav lawm, koj tuaj yeem tshem daim ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv cardiograph thiab tso tus neeg mob.
Kev kaw ECG rau menyuam yaus
Vim tias tsis muaj hnub nyoog txwv rau ECG, cov menyuam tuaj yeem nqa ECG. Cov txheej txheem no ua tiav ib yam li rau cov neeg laus, pib ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, suav nrog lub sijhawm yug menyuam (raws li txoj cai, thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, ECG tsuas yog ua kom tshem tawm qhov kev xav tias muaj kab mob plawv).
Qhov txawv xwblub caij no, yuav ua li cas coj ECG rau tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, yog tias tus menyuam xav tau txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum tau piav qhia thiab qhia txhua yam, kom rov ua kom ntseeg tau yog tias tsim nyog. Cov electrodes ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev yog tsau nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw raws li nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, thiab yuav tsum tau raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus me nyuam. Koj twb tau kawm yuav ua li cas siv ECG electrodes rau lub cev. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam tus neeg mob me, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias tus menyuam tsis txav mus los thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txhawb nqa nws txhua txoj hauv kev thiab piav qhia txhua yam uas tshwm sim.
Ntau zaus, thaum muab tshuaj rau ECG, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom kuaj ntxiv rau cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau kev tawm dag zog lub cev lossis nrog kev teem sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tau ua los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua haujlwm ntawm tus menyuam lub siab lub sijhawm, txheeb xyuas cov kab mob hauv lub plawv kom raug, muab tshuaj kho raws sijhawm, lossis tshem tawm kev ntshai ntawm niam txiv thiab kws kho mob.
Yuav ua li cas coj ECG. Daim duab
Yuav kom nyeem tau cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm daim kab xev, uas thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem ECG tshuab muab rau peb, tau kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev kawm kho mob. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob lossis kws kho plawv kom ua raws sijhawm thiab raug kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob. Yog li, dab tsi tuaj yeem nkag siab tsis tau cov kab nkhaus, muaj cov hniav, cais ntu ntawm ntu, qhia peb txog? Wb sim saib seb.
Kev kaw yuav tshuaj xyuas seb qhov kev cog lus ntawm lub siab li cas, qhia lub plawv dhia, qhov ua kom pom kev zoo siab, lub peev xwm ntawm lub plawvcov leeg, lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub plawv nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub axes, tus mob ntawm lub thiaj li hu lub plawv hniav nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab nyeem daim cardiogram, ib tus kws kho mob paub txog yuav tuaj yeem kuaj mob thiab sau ntawv kho mob lossis muab cov lus pom zoo, uas yuav ua rau kom ceev cov txheej txheem rov qab los yog cawm koj ntawm cov teeb meem loj, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, a ECG raws sijhawm tuaj yeem cawm tib neeg txoj sia.
Nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias ECG ntawm tus neeg laus txawv ntawm tus menyuam lossis tus poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub puas noj ECGs
Tus poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj electrocardiogram ntawm lub plawv li cas? Yog hais tias nyob rau tom ntej no lub sij hawm nrog ib tug obstetrician-gynecologist, tus neeg mob yws ntawm mob hauv siab, ua tsis taus pa, kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev tswj ntshav siab, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, kiv taub hau, feem ntau yuav, tus kws kho mob paub txog yuav sau cov txheej txheem no txhawm rau tsis lees paub. kev xav phem rau lub sijhawm thiab zam kev tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm leej niam thiab nws tus menyuam. Tsis muaj contraindications rau ECG thaum cev xeeb tub.
Qee cov lus pom zoo ua ntej cov txheej txheem ECG npaj
Ua ntej noj ECG, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau qhia txog yam xwm txheej twg yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws hnub ua ntej thiab hnub tshem tawm.
- Hnub ua ntej nws raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob ntxhov siab, thiab lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 8 teev.
- Hnub xa khoom, koj xav tau pluas tshais me me ntawm cov zaub mov uas yooj yim digestible, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej tsis txhob noj ntau dhau.
- Tsis suav rau 1 hnub khoom,uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, xws li kas fes lossis tshuaj yej muaj zog, cov txuj lom kub, dej cawv, thiab haus luam yeeb.
- Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj pleev rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tes, ko taw, hauv siab, kev txiav txim ntawm cov roj fatty acids uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua ntej siv cov electrodes.
- Kev ua kom tsis muaj zog yog xav tau ua ntej thiab thaum lub sijhawm ECG txheej txheem.
- Nco ntsoov tshem tawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev rau hnub ua haujlwm.
- Ua ntej tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau zaum ntsiag to li 15-20 feeb, ua pa ntsiag to, txawm.
Yog tias tus neeg mob ua tsis taus pa hnyav, nws yuav tsum tau txais ECG tsis tsaug zog, tab sis zaum, vim tias nws nyob hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev uas lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem sau meej txog kev mob plawv.
Cov kws kho mob plawv pom zoo kom txhua tus neeg, yam tsis muaj kev zam, ua cov txheej txheem ib xyoos ib zaug tom qab 40 xyoo.
Tau kawg, muaj cov xwm txheej uas nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tus ECG, uas yog:
- Nyob rau hauv mob myocardial infarction.
- Tsis ruaj tsis khov angina.
- Lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm.
- Qee yam ntawm arrhythmia ntawm tsis paub etiology.
- Cov ntawv hnyav ntawm aortic stenosis.
- Pulmonary Embolism Syndrome.
- Kev txiav tawm ntawm aortic aneurysm.
- Mob inflammatory kab mob ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub plawv thiab cov leeg nqaij pericardial.
- Kab mob hnyav.
- mob hlwb hnyav.
ECG nrog daim iav kev teeb tsa ntawm sab hauvLub cev
Daim iav kev teeb tsa ntawm lub cev hauv nruab nrog cev txhais tau tias lawv txoj kev npaj sib txawv, thaum lub siab tsis nyob ntawm sab laug, tab sis sab xis. Tib yam siv rau lwm yam kabmob. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, tab sis nws tshwm sim. Thaum tus neeg mob nrog daim iav kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev tau raug xa mus rau ECG, nws yuav tsum ceeb toom tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob uas yuav ua cov txheej txheem no txog nws qhov peculiarity. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub txawg ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg uas muaj ib daim iav kev npaj ntawm lub cev, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas coj ib tug ECG? Ntawm sab xis (qhov kev tshem tawm algorithm yog qhov zoo ib yam), cov electrodes tau muab tso rau hauv lub cev tib yam uas lawv yuav muab tso rau sab laug rau cov neeg mob zoo tib yam.
Saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj cov neeg koj hlub!
