Tooth anomalies yog ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov qauv uas tuaj yeem pom lawv tus kheej hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab zoo li. Qee zaum lawv pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Thiab qee zaum, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem kuaj tau ntawm tus kws kho mob lub sijhawm teem tseg. Kev sib txawv tuaj yeem yog tus lej, xim, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thiab kuj muaj cov anomalies ntawm teething (feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam). Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav pom cov laj thawj ntawm kev ua txhaum cai li no thiab nrhiav kev daws teeb meem uas tshwm sim hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Dental pathology
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau thiab kis tau. Anomalies ntawm ib tug neeg cov hniav, nrog rau tag nrho cov hniav, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim. Heev feem ntau, tom qab anomalies raug soj ntsuam, uas tsis tso cai rau lub dentoalveolar system ua hauj lwm ib txwm. Cov kws kho hniav tau soj ntsuam thiab pom tias yuav luag txhua tustus me nyuam thib ob raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag, ntawm cov neeg laus qhov teeb meem no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim.
Txhua tus paub tias txhua tus hniav muaj nws tus kheej tus yam ntxwv: nws yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb raws li nws txoj haujlwm, muaj qee yam duab thiab xim, thiab tseem ua nws txoj haujlwm. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv lees paub yog suav tias yog kev kho hniav tsis zoo thiab yuav tsum tau kho thiab kho. Yog tias koj tsis xyuam xim rau qhov teeb meem no (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yau), ces yav tom ntej koj yuav ntsib teeb meem loj. Qee lub sij hawm kev kho hniav tsis zoo tsis yooj yim kho, thiab kev kho mob mus sij hawm ntev yog nqa tawm. Qee cov neeg mob tau txais kev kho mob, phais, kho hniav thiab orthopedic kom ua tiav lub luag haujlwm zoo nkauj thiab noj qab haus huv.
Cas of anomalies
Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov hniav lossis ib tus hniav, thiab cov kws tshaj lij muab faib ua ob pawg: endogenous thiab exogenous.
thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov caj ces thiab endocrine yam. Raws li rau cov noob caj noob ces, txhua yam yog qhov tseeb ntawm no - qhov no feem ntau yog heredity. Tom qab tag nrho, tus me nyuam tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws niam nws txiv cov duab ntawm cov hniav thiab lawv qhov loj, cov qauv ntawm lub puab tsaig, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab ntau ntxiv. Thiab kuj xws li anomalies raug cais raws li congenital malformations thiab kab mob uas tau txais los. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov niam txiv tej zaum yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog lawv cov hniav, thiab cov lwm yam kis tau los ntawm cov niam tais yawm txiv.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kev txiav txim ntawm endocrine, uas muaj heevib qho kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm dentoalveolar system. Cov kab mob xws li hypothyroidism ua rau muaj kev ncua ntev ntawm cov hniav hauv cov menyuam yaus. Mis cov hniav tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm cov molars ntau dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj adentia, deformation ntawm lub puab tsaig, cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov hniav hloov. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob xws li hypocorticism, hyperparathyroidism thiab lwm yam.
Cov pab pawg ntawm exogenous ua rau muaj ntau pawg ntxiv: ua rau ua ntej yug menyuam, ua rau menyuam yaus thiab tom qab yug menyuam, hauv zos thiab dav:
- Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov ua ntej yug menyuam muaj kev cuam tshuam txawm tias ua ntej tus neeg yug los hauv ntiaj teb. Ntawm no, cov tsos mob ntawm congenital anomalies tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm: ntau lub cev xeeb tub, thaum menyuam yaus tsis muaj chaw txaus hauv leej niam lub plab, fetal hypoxia, toxicosis ntawm ntau theem ntawm cev xeeb tub, nquag kev ntxhov siab thaum cev xeeb tub, amniotic bands, intrauterine loj hlob retardation.
- Intranatal yam tseem ceeb nrog rau tus menyuam ua ntej yug. Qhov no suav nrog asphyxia thiab entanglement nrog txoj hlab ntaws, kev nyob ntev ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab tom qab tso dej, kev raug mob intracranial uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam.
- Lub sijhawm tom qab yug me nyuam suav nrog cov kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv tus menyuam lub cev: hypovitaminosis thiab rickets, txawm tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm tus menyuam mus rau hauv txoj kev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hniav, ua pa qhov ntswg thiab ntau ntxiv.
Tom ntej no yog yam hauv zos. Pediatricians muaj nyob ntawm no ntev ntawm tus me nyuam nrog pacifier, tus me nyuam nqus nws ntiv tes,khoom noj khoom haus thiab ntau ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho hniav tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab ntau yam kev raug mob, vim muaj cov frenulum luv luv hauv qab tus nplaig lossis ntawm daim di ncauj. Qhov ua rau muaj kev tsis haum xeeb tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob nyuaj, vim tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov hniav thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov. Qee cov menyuam yaus tau cuam tshuam los yog cov hniav ntau ntxiv. Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hniav thiab ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav.
Ntau yam ua rau cov xim ntawm peb cov hniav hloov pauv zoo heev. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog kev haus luam yeeb, noj zaub mov nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm dyes, muaj cov quav hniav. Tag nrho cov no thiab ntau lwm yam ua rau tus neeg muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov hniav.
Pathologies ntsig txog kom muaj nuj nqis
Txhua tus paub tias 32 cov hniav yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov ncauj, qhov no suav tias yog tus qauv. Anomalies nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav muaj xws li lawv cov lej ntau dhau, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj lossis tsis ua tiav. Thawj qhov teeb meem muaj lub npe - hyperdontia, thiab nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hniav supernumerary uas tsis nyob rau hauv cov hniav, tab sis sab nraum nws thiab xav hloov lawv cov neeg zej zog mus rau sab, yog li hloov lawv txoj hauj lwm ib txwm mus rau pathological. Supernumerary hniav feem ntau tuaj yeem pom nyob rau ntawm kab sab saud, lawv qhov loj thiab cov duab tsis haum rau cov qauv lees paub. Nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim uas tus hniav supernumerary tau zoo nyem rau hauv cov hniav.
Cov hniav zoo li no yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm yam tsis tau ua txhaum, vim lawv ua txhaum kev tsim kho hniav. Tom qab tshem lawvtxoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav mus tas li yog kho, vim hais tias lawv tau muaj zog tsiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm supernumerary. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kho orthodontic yog nqa tawm. Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj hmoo thiab cov hniav ntxiv haum zoo rau hauv kab thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg nyob ze, ces nws tuaj yeem tso tseg. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los kho nws daim ntawv kom raug. Thiab ua qhov no yooj yim heev nrog kev pab ntawm prosthetics.
Tooth size
Anomalies ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov hniav muab faib ua macro- thiab microdentia.
Hauv thawj kis, qhov pom ntawm cov hniav loj dhau, uas tsis sib xws nrog cov qauv. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim nrog lub hauv nruab nrab sab sauv incisors. Cov hniav loj dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov hniav tag nrho, lawv tsis tawm hauv chav rau lawv thiab yog li ua rau tag nrho cov tsos. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hniav ntawm qhov loj me no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ua kom zoo nkauj tsis zoo. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kho lawv, yog li lawv tsuas yog tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd, cov hniav uas nyob ib sab raug kho, thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis xws luag yog muab zais los ntawm cov pob qij txha los yog implantation.
Microdentia, dhau los, yog qhov pom me me ntawm cov hniav. Feem ntau, lub sab sauv incisors raug cuam tshuam, tab sis tsis yog ib tus hniav hauv lub qhov ncauj tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Feem ntau muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniav no, uas ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo heev. Koj tuaj yeem tshem cov hniav me me thiab hloov lawv nrog cov hniav hniav, tab sis qee qhov qhia txog kev xav kom lawv cov hniav ntuj thiab tsuas yog npog lawv nrog cov yas. Anomalies ntawm qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm cov hniav yog ze heevua tsaug nawb.
Zoo ntawm cov hniav
Muaj ntau hom kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov hniav, tab sis ntawm lawv muaj ob peb yam uas feem ntau: Hutchinson cov hniav, Pfluger hniav, ntsia hlau loj, cov hniav Fournier.
Cov hom tsiaj muaj lub ntsej muag tsis zoo - zoo li lub ntsej muag zoo li lub ntsej muag pom ntawm cov hniav, zoo li lub khob hliav qab lossis pob tw. Feem ntau, hom no muaj cov hniav supernumerary, nrog rau lateral thiab central incisors. Txhua tus tsis tshua loj hlob zoo li no.
Hutchinson cov hniav yog me ntsis reminiscent ntawm cov duab ntawm ib tug screwdriver los yog ib lub thoob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub caj dab ntawm tus hniav yog loj dua nws cov ntug txiav, thiab tseem muaj ib tug crescent-shaped notch raws ntug no. Cov no feem ntau loj hlob sab qaum teb incisors. Fournier cov hniav muaj qhov zoo ib yam, tab sis lawv tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Pfluger cov hniav. Ntawm no lub caj dab prevails nyob rau hauv loj tshaj qhov zom qhov chaw ntawm cov molars loj, uas yog thawj nyob rau hauv kab. Thiab ntawm no tseem muaj qhov kev txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm cov pob ntawm lub raus.
Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no tau txheeb pom, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv cov hniav uas muaj kab mob los yog muab cov veneers rau lawv. Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim tshem tawm cov hniav tsis tu ncua thiab txhim kho cov hniav hauv lawv qhov chaw. Qee zaum, kev kho cov hniav raug tso cai.
Structure of hard tissue
Qhov no suav nrog ob hom hypoplasia (hauv zos thiab dav dav), hyperplasia, amelogenesis thiab dentinogenesis:
- Tej zaum peb yuav tsum pib nrog hypoplasia. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam chaw uas nyobsymmetrically, pits thiab grooves uas tshwm nyob rau hauv lub crown ib feem ntawm cov hniav. Xws li qhov tsis xws luag tsis tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej cov hniav, tab sis cuam tshuam rau txhua kab. Heev feem ntau ua ke nrog anomalies nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov hniav, lawv txoj hauj lwm, loj thiab xim.
- Hyperplasia yog pob pob ntxiv uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov zom ntawm cov hniav, nrog rau cov enamel poob.
- Nws tshwm sim tias daj lossis xim av pigmentation tshwm rau ntawm cov hniav - qhov no yog amelogenesis imperfecta. Nws kuj tseem txo cov thickness ntawm cov enamel, ua rau kom cov hniav rhiab heev rau txias thiab kub. Qhov no anomaly feem ntau tshwm sim ib txhij nrog microdentia. Nws muaj peev xwm kho tau qhov no pathology. Ua li no, tus neeg mob yuav tsum noj ntau yam multivitamin thiab kab kawm, lub cev xav tau calcium glycerophosphate tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm no. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kho mob remineralizing.
- Thiab dentinogenesis tsis zoo, thaum muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev tsim cov dentin ntawm cov hniav mus tas li thiab cov mis nyuj. Nrog xws li ib qho anomaly, cov hniav ua amber-daj los yog greyish-xim av. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm lawv yog erased, yuav ua kom puas tag. Koj tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev txhim kho cov yas lossis veneers, qee cov kws tshaj lij muab kev cog hniav.
Kev tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav
Cov no yog qhov sib txawv loj thiab loj tshaj plaws. Nrog rau qhov tsis xws luag, cov hniav feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm txoj hauj lwm, thiab qhov no tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog sab nraum cov hniav, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tsis raug ntawm cov hniav ib zaug:
- Distal txoj haujlwm. ATNyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus hniav yog ruaj khov rov qab los ntawm cov hniav.
- Mesial txoj haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, cov hniav, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, poob tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej.
- Vestibular txoj hauj lwm. Qhov no yog hais thaum cov hniav nyob ze ntawm daim di ncauj lossis lub puab tsaig, nyob ntawm seb lawv hom.
- Qhov ncauj. Hauv qhov no, yuav luag tag nrho cov hniav tau txav mus tob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj.
- Txhob Cia Siab. Ntawm no cov hniav tuaj yeem nyob txawv txav ntawm qhov nkhaus occlusal, nrog rau hauv qab nws, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tus anomaly yuav hu ua infraposition.
- Tortoanomaly. Ib los yog ntau dua cov hniav tuaj yeem tig raws ib txoj kab ntsug. Yog hais tias ib co ntawm cov hniav sib hloov, qhov no yog hu ua ib tug transposition.
Tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev tsis zoo no. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj ua. Niaj hnub nimno braces thiab cov khoom siv orthodontic ua haujlwm zoo hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
Tej xim
Txhua tus hniav muaj nws tus yam ntxwv kho qhov muag, uas suav nrog xim, pob tshab thiab luster ntawm enamel. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib txwm yog cov hniav muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm dawb-xiav mus rau daj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim xiav xiav yog qhov tsis yooj yim dua, tsis zoo li yellowish, uas yog nto moo rau nws lub zog.
Yog tias muaj cov kab mob hauv qhov ncauj, ces cov xim ntawm cov hniav yuav hloov. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov xim liab, grey, xim av, xim av-dub, thiab txawm tias dub tag nrho. Xws li pigmentation yuav tshwm sim li me me ntawm cov enamel, los yog nws yuav diffuse.
Ua ntej yuav daws qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov xim ntawm cov hniav, yuav tsum tsim kom muajvim li cas rau nws qhov tsos. Txij li thaum muaj qee qhov yuav tsum tau kho cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Kev kho mob pib nrog qhov tseeb tias tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ua kev tu cev ntawm tag nrho lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb tuaj yeem siv.
Diagnosis
Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov molars, qee zaum koj yuav tsum tig mus rau ntau tus kws tshaj lij uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev kho hniav. Nws tuaj yeem yog tus kws kho mob endocrinologist, kws kho menyuam yaus, kws kho mob otolaryngologist thiab kws kho caj ces. Kev kuaj mob ntawm kev kho hniav tsis zoo tsuas yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm ntau tus kws kho hniav ntawm kev kho hniav: orthodontist, periodontist, kws kho hniav, kws kho hniav, implantologist. Ntawm no, kev kuaj mob yog nqa tawm, lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yog kawm, tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag raug tshuaj xyuas. Tab sis ntxiv rau qhov no, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau. Cov kev xav tau raug coj los ntawm cov hniav kom nrog kev pab ntawm cov qauv plaster nws muaj peev xwm kawm kom paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hniav, lub puab tsaig, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib kho cov hniav anomalies.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Txoj kev kho niaj hnub no tso cai rau koj tshem tawm yuav luag txhua qhov tsis xws luag thiab tuav lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab noj qab haus huv ntau xyoo. Tab sis txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nkim sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag rau kev kho mob, koj tuaj yeem sim tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm kev kho hniav.
Kev tiv thaiv no yuav tsum pib txij thaum tus menyuam nyob hauv plab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig tus menyuam nrog kev saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas, saib xyuas lawv tus mob,tsis tshua ntshai, noj kom raug thiab pub tus menyuam yug los nrog zaub mov uas tsim tshwj xeeb rau nws lub hnub nyoog. Yog tias kuaj pom muaj kab mob endocrine, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kho tam sim ntawd. Thiab tau kawg, mus rau tus kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua mus kuaj mob txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas kev kho mob raws sijhawm thiab tsis coj cov hniav mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem kho tau lawm.
kho qhov ncauj
Muaj ob peb txoj cai, ua raws li no, koj tuaj yeem muaj cov hniav noj qab haus huv thiab zoo nkauj tau ntau xyoo.
- Cov hniav yuav tsum tau txhuam yam tsawg kawg ob zaug hauv ib hnub thiab siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride. Cov tshuaj no zoo heev ntawm kev sib ntaus cov quav hniav, uas feem ntau ua rau caries.
- Koj yuav tsum tau txhuam txhua hnub. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov quav hniav uas khaws cia hauv qhov chaw interdental. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav sijhawm, nws yuav tig mus ua tartar.
- Ntawm me me uas muaj suab thaj thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
- Txawm tias tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam koj, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho hniav tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov hniav.
Ua raws li cov cai yooj yim no, koj yuav muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
